A study on the treatment of chloasma with moxibustion based on the theory of“Yang transforming Qi,and Yin shaping”

Background:“Yang Transforming Qi and Yin shaping”comes from“Plain Question Yin and Yang should be like the theory”.Chinese medicine believes that the imbalance of yin and yang is the cause of human diseases.One of the strengths of TCM in treating diseases is holistic regulation.The theory of“Yang transforming Qi,and Yin shaping”implies a strong holistic view.Chloasma,one of the common skin diseases,seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients due to its unclear etiology,difficult treatment and easy recurrence.The occurrence and development of chloasma are closely related to internal organs.This paper is based on the theory of internal meridian,“Yang transforming Qi,and Yin shaping”which attaches importance to the concept of“Yang Qi”,from a new understanding of the pathogenesis etiology of chloasma.Methods:The author believes that the incidence of the disease is the deficiency of Yang Qi,which can’t promote the movement of Qi and blood to nourish the face,resulting in tangible material condensation,so proposes that this disease needs to be promoted by Yang transforming Qi and warm to dissipate.Moxibustion belongs to the fire,and its warming effect can dissipate the tangible evil.Results:Combined with clinical practice and the theory of internal meridian,the author elaborated that moxibustion is one of the effective methods for treating chloasma,which provides a new way of thinking for the treatment of chloasma.Conclusion:“Yang Transforming Qi and Yin shaping”can be used to guide the treatment of chloasma.

Evaluation of the Effect and Efficiency of Ear Tip Bloodletting Combined with Xianfang Huoming Yin in the Treatment of Early-Stage Wheals

Objective:To evaluate the effect and efficiency of ear tip bloodletting combined with Xianfang Huoming Yin(XFH)in the treatment of early-stage wheals.Methods:70 patients with early-stage wheals admitted from September 2020 to September 2022 were divided into two groups by randomized numerical table method,with 35 cases/group.Both groups received conventional treatment,the control group combined with XFH,and the observation group combined with ear tip bloodletting therapy and XFH.Conscious symptom scores,ocular indexes,therapeutic effects,and sleep quality between the two groups were compared.Results:After the treatment,the patients in the observation group had lower self-awareness symptom scores and sleep quality scores as compared to those in the control group;the diameter of the mass in the observation group was smaller than that of the control group after treatment;the average tear film rupture time and the time taken for the first non-contact tear film to rupture were longer in the observation group than those in the control group;the total effective rate of the treatment in the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Ear tip bloodletting combined with XFH was ideal for the treatment of early-stage wheals and has a high effective rate.

Clinical Study on the Effectiveness of Xian Fang Huo Ming Yin for Treating Cutaneous Infections and Promoting Wound Healing in Patients with Perianal Abscess

Objective:To explore the effect of the Xian Fang Huo Ming Yin(XFHM)for treating cutaneous infections and promoting wound healing in patients with perianal abscesses.Methods:Sixty-one patients with perianal abscesses who were admitted to our hospital(Xinghua City People’s Hospital)from May 2022 to May 2023 were selected and randomly divided into two groups,a control group(30 cases)and a study group(31 cases).Both groups received surgical treatment.The control group received conventional treatment and warm water fumigation,sitz bath,and surgical dressing change after surgery,while the research group received XFHM based on the control group.XFHM was taken orally and replaced with warm water for fumigation and sitz bathing.Both groups received treatment for 4 weeks but discontinued sitz bathing after 2 weeks.Various clinical indicators between the two groups were compared.Results:The total clinical effective rate and wound recovery rate of the study group were higher than that of the control group.There were differences in the wound pain scores,surrounding tissue edema,and wound secretions at different time points.Both groups experienced wound pain.The scores of wound pain,surrounding tissue edema,and wound secretions of the study group were lower than those of the control group,7 and 14 days after surgery.The serum interleukin 6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)levels,and pH values of the study group were lower than those of the control group 10 days after surgery(P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of XFHM for treating cutaneous infections and promoting wound healing in patients with perianal abscesses improved the treatment outcome,alleviated clinical symptoms,and promoted healing.

Effects of Nourishing “Yin”-Removing “Fire” Chinese Herb Mixture on the Differential Expression of GABA_AReceptor <i>α</i>Subunits in Hypothalamus of Precocious Puberty Female Rats

GABAergic input to Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons is necessary to initiate the onset of puberty and its action mainly depends on GABAA receptor of which the subunit composition, properties and consequently function varies during this period. Nourishing “Yin”-Removing “Fire” Chinese herb mixture, a Chinese herb-based formulation, has been proved that it may retard the initiation of pubertal development in female precocious puberty rats. Our objective is to investigate the effects of Nourishing “Yin”-Removing “Fire” Chinese herb mixture on the expression of GABAA receptor α subunits in hypothalamus. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal (N), precocious puberty model (M) induced by danazol, model exposed to saline (MS) and model exposed to Chinese herb mixture (CHM) groups. All rats were administered by the Chinese herb mixture from P15 on. Coefficients of reproductive organs and serum gonadotropins and estradiol levels in M were significantly enhanced while they were significantly decreased in CHM. The hypothalamic GnRH mRNA was also significantly increased in M and in CHM, as well as ERα mRNA. At the mean time, the hypothalamic GABAA receptor α1 and α3 subunits mRNA were more significantly decreased in M than those of N, while they were more significantly enhanced in CHM than those in M (p 0.01), the protein expression of which in hypothalamus had the same trend as the mRNA expression. The evidence suggests that Nourishing “Yin”-Removing “Fire” Chinese herb mixture could significantly retard the sexual development of the precocious rats, and up-regulate the expressions of hypothalamic GABAA receptor α1 and α3 subunits. Our result indicated that GABAA receptor α1 and α3 subunits might involve in the effective treatment of herb mixture on idiopathic precocious puberty.

TianmaGouteng yin attenuates ischemic stroke-induced brain injury by inhibiting the AGE/RAGE pathway

Background:Ischemic stroke is characterized by permanent or transient obstruction of blood flow,leading to a growing risk factor and health burden.Tianmagouteng yin(TMG)is commonly used in Chinese medicine to treat cerebral ischemia.The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of TMG against ischemic stroke.Methods:Either permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion(pMCAO)or sham operation was performed on anesthetized Wistar male rats(n=36).Results:Results demonstrated that TMG administration reduced the infarction volume and mitigated the neurobehavioral deficits.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining and Prussian blue staining revealed that TMG attenuated tissue disruption and microbleeds in hippocampus tissues.In addition,TMG down-regulated the receptor of advanced glycation end products(RAGE)and p-JAK2.It also inhibited the concentrations of advanced glycation end products(AGEs),ferritin,malondialdehyde(MDA),and reactive oxygen species(ROS).Conclusion:As repetitive clinical trials of neuroprotectants targeting stroke have failed previously,our results suggested that the natural product,TMG,can probably help in the vicious cycles of ischemic stroke pathology.

Continuity and Change in Dao Yin:Comparing and Contrasting the Therapeutic Exercises in Yin Shu(The Book of Pulling,c.2nd Century BCE)and Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun(Treatise on the Origins and Manifestations of Various Diseases,610 CE)

The manuscript Yin Shu(The Book of Pulling),excavated from Zhangjiashan Han Tomb No.247,is the earliest surviving text on therapeutic exercise known as Dao Yin(lit.guiding and pulling).Discovered in 1983,this Dao Yin text,together with the drawings of 44 figures performing“guiding and pulling”exercises found in the Mawangdui Han Tomb in 1974,are of great significance to the study of the early history of Dao Yin.Prior to these discoveries,researchers into Dao Yin relied mainly on material found in the Dao Zang(the Daoist Canon),compiled in 1145.This led to their conclusion that Dao Yin was essentially Daoist.The development of Dao Yin reached its zenith during the Sui Dynasty(581–618 CE),when it became one of the three medical departments at the imperial medical education institution.As part of the medical reform of the second Sui Emperor,Yang Di,Dao Yin became the treatment of choice,and the employment of a large number of Dao Yin specialists to the Sui court transformed the state medical service.The compilation of Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun(Treatise on the Origins and Manifestations of Various Diseases)under Yang Di’s decree,incorporated an abundance of resources on Dao Yin,enabling physicians to potentially“prescribe”Dao Yin to their patients.Situating both Yin Shu and Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun in their social and historical contexts,this article analyses their editorial treatments,examines their different objectives,styles,and readerships,and compares the various exercises described in the two texts.It emphasizes the fact that over a period of nearly a thousand years,from the late Warring States(475–221 BCE)to the Sui and Tang periods,Dao Yin was an important medical practice,culminating in its institutionalization by the Sui government.

Differential Effects of Yin- and Yang-Chinese Tonifying Herbs on Innate and Adaptive Immunity

The present study investigated the effect of treatment with methanolic extracts of Yin- and Yang-Chinese tonifying herbs on concanavalin A (Con A)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated splenocyte proliferation (adaptive immunity) and natural killer (NK) cell activity (innate immunity) in an ex vivo mouse model. The results indicated that while treatment with most Yin herbal extracts potentiated the Con A/LPS-stimulated splenocyte proliferation, only Yang (but not Yin) herbal extracts stimulated NK cell activity. The differential effects of Yin- and Yang-Chinese tonifying herbs on innate and adaptive immunity are consistent with the Chinese medicine theory which depicts the Yin and Yang functional components of Zheng Qi (vital energy), with the Yang component being responsible for the first line of defense against invading microorganisms (i.e., innate immunity) and the Yin oner serving as a follow-up defensive response (adaptive immunity).

基于“阴火理论”探析干燥综合征口腔溃疡辨治思路

口腔溃疡是干燥综合征患者常见的口腔黏膜病变,易反复发作,令人痛苦不堪。干燥综合征患者口腔溃疡多是由于脾胃虚弱、阴津不足、火热上炎、瘀毒蕴结而导致与阴火的发病机制以及临床表现有相通之处,可从阴火理论治口腔溃疡,故而提出“调补脾胃、兼顾先天”“滋阴润燥、养血生津”“降泻阴火、升提清阳”“行气活、化瘀解毒”的治疗方法,以便临床应用,促进疾病向愈。

基于阴火理论的中西医结合免疫调节治疗展望

免疫治疗已成为当今医学解决重大疑难疾病的突破口之一,但其面临的挑战仍然不少。当前,中医学的阴火理论受到广泛关注,被应用于多种疾病的治疗中,其机制与调节机体的免疫状态密切相关。本文在系统回顾中医药免疫调节研究进展的基础上,以挖掘阴火理论的科学内涵为切入点,讨论阴火理论下指导中西医结合免疫治疗的可能性和新思路。多种中药单体、有效部位或者复方免疫促进、免疫抑制或者双向调节作用,在免疫调节中展现了巨大的潜力。阴火理论与免疫调节的关联密切,阴火的产生与免疫异常、慢性炎症、代谢异常、应激等密切相关,临床运用阴火理论治疗相关疾病能够有效调节免疫功能,降低炎症水平。阴火理论是深入传承中医药原创理论精华,有效对接西医免疫相关理论的范例,但仍需开展相关系统生物学研究,进一步升华中医药理论和实践经验,从而发挥中医药的特色优势,解决重大疑难疾病防治中的免疫失调难题,赋予生命科学新内涵,推动临床应用、验证和创新发展。

自拟降火滋阴方配合醋酸亮丙瑞林治疗女童中枢性性早熟临床研究

目的探讨自拟降火滋阴方配合醋酸亮丙瑞林治疗女童中枢性性早熟的临床疗效。方法选取86例中枢性性早熟女童,将其随机分为对照组和试验组,每组43例。对照组予以醋酸亮丙瑞林治疗,试验组予以自拟降火滋阴方配合醋酸亮丙瑞林治疗。治疗6个月后,比较2组治疗总有效率,子宫容积、最大卵泡直径、卵巢容积等超声检查指标,以及黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)、雌二醇(estradiol,E 2)、卵泡刺激素(follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)等血清性激素水平。结果治疗后,试验组总有效率为90.70%,对照组为72.09%;组间比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组子宫容积、最大卵泡直径、卵巢容积均较治疗前降低(P均<0.05),且试验组上述超声指标明显小于对照组(P均<0.05)。2组血清LH、E 2、FSH水平均较治疗前下降(P均<0.05),且试验组上述血清性激素水平明显低于对照组(P均<0.05)。结论自拟降火滋阴方配合醋酸亮丙瑞林治疗女童中枢性性早熟可显著增强疗效,改善相关超声指标,并能有效调节性激素水平。

滋阴泻火中药治疗女童功能性卵巢囊肿的临床疗效分析

目的:分析滋阴泻火中药治疗女童功能性卵巢囊肿的临床疗效。方法:选择2021年1月—2022年12月收治的卵巢囊肿患儿40例,所有患儿均给予滋阴泻火中药治疗,连续治疗3个月。比较患儿治疗前、治疗3个月后发育情况(身高、体质量、骨龄、乳房发育Tanner分期)、性激素水平、子宫与卵巢容积、卵巢囊肿体积及不良反应情况。结果:治疗前后患儿身高、体质量、骨龄比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后患儿乳房发育Tanner分期较治疗前改善显著,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后患儿黄体生成素(LH)、促卵泡激素(FSH)、雌二醇(E2)水平较治疗前均降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后患儿子宫大小、卵巢容积、卵巢囊肿体积较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);患儿治疗期间未见严重不良反应。结论:滋阴泻火中药治疗女童功能性卵巢囊肿效果较佳,可调节患儿E2水平,抑制外周性性早熟,利于卵巢囊肿缩小。

从补中益气汤管窥李东垣脾胃观之阴火论

“阴火”即内伤之火,其实质为脾胃亏虚,元气虚损所生之内热。“阴火”理论是李东垣提出并应用于临床阐明病机、诊治疾病、遣方用药的重要学说。其产生机制复杂,涵盖内容广泛,自古存在诸多争议,至今未有定论,临床价值尚未完全体现。补中益气汤既是东垣脾胃内伤学说的核心方,也是理解其内伤发热之“阴火”理论的关键。文章将通过探讨李东垣脾胃内伤理论体系中最重要的方剂“补中益气汤”的药物配伍特点及其理论基础,阐述李东垣脾胃观之“阴火”论的学术思想,以及“益气升阳”“甘温除热”的制方思想,浅析“阴火”理论的学术渊源,总结后世医家基于“阴火”理论的临床诊疗应用思路,以期为日后临床工作者应用“阴火”理论临床辨证论治、组方加减提供理论依据。

结核丸联合常规西药治疗阴虚火旺型耐药结核病临床研究

目的:观察结核丸联合常规西药治疗耐阴虚火旺型耐药结核病的临床疗效及对微小核糖核酸-30a-5p (miR-30a-5p)、微小核糖核酸-431 (miR-431)表达的影响。方法:采用随机数字表法将98例阴虚火旺型耐药结核病患者分为治疗组、对照组各49例。对照组予以常规西药治疗,治疗组予以结核丸联合常规西药治疗,2组均治疗6个月。比较2组治疗前后中医证候积分、T细胞亚群、炎症因子[白细胞介素-4 (IL-4)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、干扰素-γ (INF-γ)]、miR-30a-5p、miR-431水平,评估2组临床疗效及不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗后,治疗组总有效率97.96%,对照组总有效率85.71%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组miR-30a-5p、CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、INF-γ水平及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)较治疗前升高(P<0.05),中医证候积分及CD8^(+)、miR-431、IL-4、CRP水平降低(P<0.05);治疗组治疗后miR-30a-5p、CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、INF-γ水平及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)高于对照组(P<0.05),中医证候积分及CD8^(+)、miR-431、IL-4、CRP水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:结核丸联合常规西药治疗阴虚火旺型耐药结核病疗效显著,能调节患者miR-30a-5p、miR-431水平,提高免疫功能,减轻炎症反应,安全性较高。

基于“阴火”理论浅析糖尿病肾脏病炎症机制

金元时期医家李东垣提出“脾胃气虚,阴火邸张”,并以此为基础形成“阴火”理论,气虚与“阴火”关系密切,脾胃气虚在“阴火”的形成中发挥重要作用。糖尿病肾脏病是糖尿病常见的慢性并发症,炎症反应是糖尿病肾脏病发生的主要机制之一,气虚也是糖尿病肾脏病炎症产生的重要基础,而脾胃运化失常在糖尿病患者肾脏发生炎症反应的过程中发挥了重要作用,糖尿病肾脏病炎症机制与“阴火”理论相契合。当代医家也有依据“阴火”理论来论治糖尿病肾脏病者,取得较好的临床疗效。该研究拟从东垣学说、炎症机制学说、当代医家对糖尿病肾脏病认识三个角度对“阴火”理论与糖尿病肾脏病炎症机制的关系作初步论述,旨在进一步完善糖尿病肾脏病的中医理论,从而为糖尿病肾脏病临床诊断和治疗提供理论依据。

基于《脾胃论》再谈东垣“阴火”学说

基于《脾胃论》,探讨李东垣笔下阴火之含义、病因、病机及其治疗。阴火是东垣对内伤病中人体内同时存在的“虚”与“热”两种病理状态的统一概括,其“阴”为内、里,与外感相对,“虚”为气虚,以脾胃为主,“热”为阳气虚弱不能升散外达、郁于阴分所化,阴血受火热鼓动,流行周身,故其热象可表现在全身各处。阴火形成的关键在于气虚、气郁、郁热三个环节。治疗以补中、升阳二法为主,以治其本,泻热一法从权,以治其标。

中西医诊治儿童性早熟研究进展

目前,越来越多的无创诊断技术正在运用到儿童性早熟的诊断中,基因检测技术促进了该病遗传病因诊断的发展。对于该病的治疗,西医主要通过病因治疗继发性性早熟,对于特发性外周性性早熟没有特殊治疗方案,目前,中枢性性早熟治疗首选促性腺激素释放激素类似物(gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, GnRHa)。中医认为,性早熟病机为阴虚火旺,肝郁化火,痰湿壅滞,治以滋阴降火、疏肝解郁或燥湿化痰,可改善症状,抑制骨龄快速增长。但目前中医药治疗性早熟的临床研究证据等级不高,缺少样本量大、严格且全面的临床研究,未来可通过开展多中心的随机对照、大样本研究以验证中医药治疗性早熟的疗效。网络药理学和中药成分动物实验研究证明了中药治疗性早熟的部分机制,但中药方剂成分复杂,多通过胃肠道吸收后起效,是否可以调节肠道菌群、产生特异性菌群,该菌群是否改变了机体中某些代谢产物水平从而发挥治疗作用尚无相关研究,今后可开展更多的相关机制研究。

国医大师王晞星基于阴火理论辨治癌性发热经验

癌性发热是恶性肿瘤在发病过程中出现的与肿瘤直接相关或因肿瘤治疗而引起的非感染性发热。国医大师王晞星教授从“阴火理论”出发,认为脾胃气虚、阴火上冲为癌性发热之关键病机,病变脏腑涉及肝、脾、肾三脏,当以甘温益气、健脾升阳、清泻阴火为首要治则;同时应重视“土木关系”,通过养血解郁、疏肝散火之法以调和肝脾;并通过滋阴清热、引火归元之法阻断阴火的传变。王晞星教授根据多年临床经验,在补中益气汤基础上化裁创制补中调肝汤(药物组成包括黄芪、党参、白术、升麻、柴胡、当归、白芍、麦冬、五味子、陈皮、蜈蚣、石见穿、八月札、炙甘草等),通过益中气、补肝血、调肝气、消癥散结,以调和人体寒热阴阳,可有效改善肿瘤患者癌性发热症状。

基于“阳化气,阴成形”理论探讨原发免疫性血小板减少症辨治

原发免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)是以出血为主要临床表现的获得性自身免疫性疾病。普遍认为ITP为巨核细胞产板不良或(和)机体免疫异常介导的血小板破坏增加,导致血小板数量减少,故ITP关键在于血小板的生成与破坏。ITP属于中医“血证”“紫癜病”范畴,中医对此阐述较多。文章基于“阳化气,阴成形”理论,从生成与破坏角度对ITP的辨治进行探讨,将血小板生成减少与“阴成形”不足相联系,血小板破坏过多与“阳化气”太过相联系,分析得出“血小板生成”属阴精化血范畴,“血小板破坏”属阳气耗散或化物异常范畴,基于此确定将“泻火”“滋阴”等治疗方法应用于临床实践,为探索辨治ITP提供新思路。

升麻治疫思想探析

本文从阴阳毒、阴火、大气下陷等医论出发,探析不同医家运用升麻的治疫思想。升麻辛凉轻扬,可解百毒、辟障邪,多治温热疫、瘥后证。仲景以疫毒已发、未发之别区分阴阳毒,阳毒者,升麻合蜀椒、雄黄汗以发之、阴毒者,升麻合鳖甲解毒散结;李东垣则总以心火独盛为致疫关键,发于头面者,升麻合风类药、苦寒之品清热解毒、升阳泻火,脾胃内伤者,升麻合甘温补脾土之品以泻阴火;疹毒客于肺胃者,则以辛凉气轻之品为主,透疫达表、解毒去实;余邪搏击大气者,则循同气相求之理,升提大气,举陷托邪。

基于“阴火”理论防治肺结节结癌转化

肺结节在临床中十分多见,但由于没有特异性症状且未形成瘤体,多数患者不能及时发现或没有太过重视,病情迁延日久,部分转化为癌。肺结节转化成肺癌是一个动态的过程,文章从气火的生理病理阐释气火失调的本质。气火失调的主导方面在于火,元气亏损,脾胃亏虚是肺结节发生的主因,久病气火失衡,“阴火妄动”是癌变发生的关键病机。中医阴火理论源于《黄帝内经》,文章围绕气与火之间的关系,探讨结癌转化与肿瘤血管新生之间的联系,也是对能量和代谢相互作用失稳状态变化的基本概括。阴火始于元气不足,脾胃亏虚以致水谷精微失于布散,代谢障碍,停久为痰瘀之品,与血脉相搏结,造成局部微环境变化,使肿瘤血管新生,进一步加快肺癌转化进程。阴火为肿瘤发生创造条件,为肿瘤生长提供动力,为肿瘤转移创造环境。在阴火理论指导下,立足“虚—气—火—痰—瘀—毒”病机演变过程,治疗时应调畅气机、宣散火热,散火清热利导以治标,升阳解郁以治本,提出健脾胃、补元气、泻阴火的治法,调整机体内皮细胞新陈代谢机能,达到机体的稳定状态,进而抑制肿瘤血管新生,改善肿瘤微环境,延缓结节癌变进程,从而干预肺癌的进程。