Fluid inclusions and oil charge history in the reservoirs of the Yongjin oilfield in central Junggar Basin

In the Yongjin oilfield of southern Junggar Basin, many wells have been drilled to produce industrial oils. Based on the analysis of fluid inclusions in the reservoirs, in combination with the geological and thermal evolution, the charge history in this area has been studied. The results indicate that the Jurassic Formation and Cretaceous Formation reservoirs contain abundant oil and gas inclusions, and four types of fluid inclusions have been distinguished. According to the homogenization temperatures of the fluid inclusions, the hydrocarbons charged the Cretaceous Formation for two periods, one ranges from the Late Cretaceous period to the Eogene period, and the other ranges from the Neocene period to the present. The oil filling history is correlated with the oil source correlation analysis, which is controlled by the movement of the Che-Mo plaeo uplift. Overall, oil accumulation is characterized by the superposition of two sets of source rocks for two stages in the Shawan depression.

Quantitative characterization of deep fault-karst carbonate reservoirs: A case study of the Yuejin block in the Tahe oilfield

The Ordovician reservoirs in the Tahe oilfield are dominated by fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs, of which fault-karst reservoirs are a hot topic in recent years. Fault-karst reservoirs feature high production, large burial depth, and strong heterogeneity under the control of faulting and karstification. Based on geological, logging, and seismic data, this study classified the Ordovician fault-karst reservoirs in the Yuejin block of the Tahe oilfield into three types, namely karst-cave, dissolved-vug, and fractured types, and established the integrated identification criteria of the three types of reservoirs. This study characterized karst caves, dissolved vugs, and multi-scale faults through seismic wave impedance inversion and frequency-domain detection of multi-scale faults. 3D geological models of different types of reservoirs were built using the combined deterministic and stochastic methods and characterized the spatial distribution of multi-scale faults, karst caves, dissolved vugs, and physical property parameters of reservoir. This study established the method for the geological modeling of fault-karst reservoirs, achieved the quantitative characterization and revealed the heterogeneity of fault-karst reservoirs. The karst-cave and dissolved-vug types are high in porosity and act as reservoirs, while the fractured type is high in permeability and act as flow pathway. This study lays the foundation for the development index prediction, well emplacement, and efficient development of the fault-karst carbonate reservoirs.

Production evolution patterns and development stage division of waterflooding oilfields

The continuous growth of recoverable reserves in a waterflooding oilfield has a significant impact on the patterns of production evolution. A new production evolution model is established by improving the Weng Cycle model. With the new model, the statistical correspondence between the production decline stage and the reserve-production imbalance is clarified,and the correlation of water cut with the recovery percent of recoverable reserves is discussed, providing quantitative basis of reservoir engineering for dividing development stages of oilfield and defining mature oilfields. According to the statistics of oilfields in eastern China, the time point corresponding to the reserve-production balance coefficient dropping to less than 1dramatically is well correlated the beginning point of production decline, thus the time when the reserve-production balance coefficient drops dramatically can be taken as the initiation point of production decline stage. The research results show that the water cut and the recovery percent of recoverable reserves have a good statistical match in the high water cut stage, and it is more rational to take both the start point of production decline stage and the water cut of 90%(or the recovery percent of recoverable reserves of 80%) as the critical criteria for defining a mature oilfield. Five production evolution patterns can be summarized as follows: growth–peak plateau–stepped decline, growth–stepped stabilizing–stepped decline, growth–stepped stabilizing–rapid decline, growth–peak plateau–rapid decline, and growth–continuous decline.

Development technologies for Triassic Chang 7 shale oil in Ordos Basin: A case study of Qingcheng Oilfield, NW China

The reservoirs in the seventh member of the Triassic Yanchang Formation (Chang 7 Member) in the Qingcheng Oilfield of the Ordos Basin are characterized by thin sandbody, tight rocks, high heterogeneity, low formation pressure coefficient, and complex geomorphology. Through the efforts in the stages of exploration, appraisal, pilot testing and development, a series of key technologies have been formed, including “sweet spot” optimization, differentiated three-dimensional well deployment, fast drilling and completion of large-cluster horizontal well, intensively-staged volume fracturing in long horizontal well, and optimization of rational production system. Furthermore, a production organization mode represented by factory-like operations on loess platform has been implemented. Application of these technologies has enabled to significantly improve the single-well production of the Qingcheng Oilfield, reduce the investment cost, and realize a large-scale and beneficial development at a full cost below $55 per barrel. In 2022, the annual production of Chang 7 shale oil in the Ordos Basin reached 221×10^(4) t, accounting for 70% of the annual shale oil production of China. The practice of development technologies in the Qingcheng Oilfield provides valuable references for efficient development of continental shale oil.

Origin of gas condensate reservoir in Fuman Oilfield, Tarim Basin, NW China

To understand the reservoir property and hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of the Middle and Upper Ordovician intraplatform shoal between ultra-deep main strike-slip faults in Fuman Oilfield of the Tarim Basin, China, the main strike-slip faults in and around well FD1 in the basin were analyzed in terms of sedimentary facies, sequence stratigraphy, intraplatform shoal reservoir property, and oil and gas origins, based on drilling data. The Yingshan Formation intraplatform shoal between the main strike-slip faults is superimposed with low-order faults to form a new type of hydrocarbon play. Firstly, hydrocarbons generated from the Lower Cambrian Yuertusi Formation source rocks vertically migrated into the second member of Yingshan Formation through the main strike-slip faults, and then migrated laterally until they were accumulated. A small amount of oil from Well FD1 came from the Yuertusi Formation source rocks in the mature stage, and a large amount of gas originated from oil cracking in the ultra-deep reservoirs. Therefore, the secondary gas condensate reservoir in Well FD1 is characterized by high gas to oil ratio, dry gas (dryness coefficient being 0.970) and hybrid origin. This new type of hydrocarbon play characterized by intraplatform shoal and low-order fault suggests a prospect of continuous hydrocarbon-bearing area in Fuman Oilfield, which will expand the ultrap-deep oil and gas exploration in the oilfield.

Evaluation of reservoir environment by chemical properties of reservoir water‒A case study of Chang 6 reservoir in Ansai oilfield,Ordos Basin,China

The Ordos Basin is the largest continental multi-energy mineral basin in China,which is rich in coal,oil and gas,and uranium resources.The exploitation of mineral resources is closely related to reservoir water.The chemical properties of reservoir water are very important for reservoir evaluation and are significant indicators of the sealing of reservoir oil and gas resources.Therefore,the caprock of the Chang 6 reservoir in the Yanchang Formation was evaluated.The authors tested and analyzed the chemical characteristics of water samples selected from 30 wells in the Chang 6 reservoir of Ansai Oilfield in the Ordos Basin.The results show that the Chang 6 reservoir water in Ansai Oilfield is dominated by calcium-chloride water type with a sodium chloride coefficient of generally less than 0.5.The chloride magnesium coefficients are between 33.7 and 925.5,most of which are greater than 200.The desulfurization coefficients range from 0.21 to 13.4,with an average of 2.227.The carbonate balance coefficients are mainly concentrated below 0.01,with an average of 0.008.The calcium and magnesium coefficients are between 0.08 and 0.003,with an average of 0.01.Combined with the characteristics of the four-corner layout of the reservoir water,the above results show that the graphics are basically consistent.The study indicates that the Chang 6 reservoir in Ansai Oilfield in the Ordos Basin is a favorable block for oil and gas storage with good sealing properties,great preservation conditions of oil and gas,and high pore connectivity.

滨里海盆地东缘北特鲁瓦油田石炭系层序地层与沉积演化特征

根据三维地震、测井及钻井取心等资料,结合Vail的层序划分方案,在滨里海盆地东缘北特鲁瓦油田石炭系碳酸盐岩台地内识别出7个地震层序界面及7个钻井层序界面,并将KT-Ⅰ油层组划分为3个半三级层序,KT-Ⅱ油层组划分为3个三级层序。纵向上层序格架内沉积环境由开阔台地、局限台地至蒸发台地演化。根据研究区层序格架内的古地貌恢复及沉积演化研究,将研究区古地貌—沉积演化划分为3个阶段:台地初始隆坳分异期(SQ2-SQ3层序)、差异抬升与沉积分异定型期(SQ4层序)及继承发育期(SQ5-SQ7层序)。进一步分析认为,层序格架控制下的隆坳格局分异控制了白云岩亚类在平面上的分布,低部位以泥晶云岩—膏盐岩组合和泥晶云岩—泥晶灰岩组合为主,主要为潟湖相沉积;而高部位则以泥粉晶云岩、细粉晶云岩和残余颗粒泥晶云岩为主,发育云坪相及云化颗粒滩相沉积。结果表明,区内KT-Ⅰ油层组沉积期并非前人认为的西高东低剥蚀后沉降充填,而是继承性差异沉降的结果,古地理格局总体具有“东台西槽、北高南低”特征,其始终控制着有利相带和优质储集层的发育展布。这一认识对滨里海地区油气勘探开发战略选区具有重要的指导作用。

基于超音速膨胀凝结的油田伴生气脱二氧化碳研究

油田伴生气通常含有大量的二氧化碳等酸性气体,为了提升油田伴生气质量,必须对天然气进行脱二氧化碳处理;将超音速旋流分离技术用于伴生气脱除二氧化碳是一条全新路径,但二氧化碳在超音速流动条件下的冷凝特性有待进一步明晰。建立二氧化碳在喷管中的相变过程数学模型,讨论二氧化碳超音速凝结流动特性,分析入口温度和压力对二氧化碳超音速凝结特性的影响规律。结果表明:二氧化碳在喷管喉部之后的扩张段发生凝结,生成大量的二氧化碳液滴;随着喷管入口温度增加,尽管凝结的二氧化碳液滴数量增加,但喷管出口和中轴线上的液相质量分数减小,凝结位置越靠近喷管出口;随着喷管入口压力增加,混合气体在喷管出口的压力和温度升高、速度减小,二氧化碳在喷管内凝结产生的液滴数量减少,喷管出口和中心轴线上的液相质量分数越大。

准噶尔盆地永进油田侏罗系超深层致密砂岩储层成岩相识别及分布预测

深层致密砂岩储层非均质性强、分布规律复杂,地质甜点预测难度大。为实现高效勘探开发,如何准确识别与预测井间储层成岩相亟需深入研究。综合利用岩心、测井和三维地震资料,在准噶尔盆地永进油田侏罗系超深层储层成岩作用研究基础上,开展了成岩相识别及分布预测研究,认为储层成岩作用类型主要有压实作用、胶结作用及溶蚀与交代作用,可划分为强溶蚀+绿泥石包壳、中等溶蚀+自生高岭石、中等钙质胶结溶蚀、强钙质胶结及压实致密等5种成岩相。基于测井资料,利用岩石物理参数、物性参数对储层成岩相类型进行了综合识别,确定其垂向分布规律。研究发现强溶蚀+绿泥石包壳和中等溶蚀+自生高岭石这两种优势成岩相主要位于三角洲主干分流河道砂体内部,储层物性较好,是油层发育的主要部位。基于成岩相与地震纵波阻抗的对应关系分析,发现优势成岩相纵波阻抗相对较低,可通过纵波阻抗的数值分布特征预测优势成岩相分布。因此利用三维地震纵波阻抗反演成果开展了成岩相分布预测,根据纵波阻抗与不同类型成岩相对应关系落实了优势成岩相发育区。结果表明,优势成岩相主要位于研究区东北部的Y301—Y302井区以及西北部Y1井区,呈局部连片分布发育。储层成岩相识别可以为超深层地质甜点的分布预测研究提供重要依据。

金属有机框架MIL-101(Fe)用于增强光催化降解含油污水中的原油

利用溶剂热法合成了一种稳定的金属有机框架(MOF)MIL-101(Fe),并作为一种新型光催化剂提高了油田废水中原油的降解性能。通过对反应条件的优化,确定了以下最佳参数:暗反应时间为30 min,光反应时间为30 min,p H值为5.5,催化剂量为150 mg/L,反应温度为303.15 K。在这些反应条件下,去除率达到了94.73%。本研究是铁基MOFs在油田废水光催化降解中的应用。MIL-101(Fe)在温和的酸性条件下表现出良好的稳定性,并且可以有效地循环利用。这些发现为利用MIL-101(Fe)作为一种很有前途的工业应用材料,通过光催化降解从受油污染的水中去除原油提供了有价值的见解。

大庆油田萨中开发区二、三类油层同步挖潜补压结合射孔方法

大庆油田萨中开发区二类油层和三类油层平面、纵向交互分布,目前尚未形成同步开发方法。从射孔角度出发,通过分析油层特点,匹配射孔工艺方法,二类油层匹配深穿透(穿深为956 mm)射孔、三类油层匹配超深穿透(穿深为1 308 mm)射孔,建立单井“组合射孔”模式;针对大段三类油层,通过抽稀射孔数,提高单卡层段数,提高过孔压力,建立“组合射孔+限流法压裂”模式。数值模拟和现场分析结果表明:该方法在萨中开发区2个二、三类油层同步挖潜区块应用,“组合射孔”实施20口井,采出端单井含水率多降低2.0%、日产油量增加1.2 t;“组合射孔配套限流法压裂”实施6口井,实现了单孔排量0.6 m3/min以上,平均单井产液量增幅17.56%,含水率多降低0.94百分点。研究成果可有效指导投产设计,对二、三类油层的同步挖潜和提质增效具有重要意义。

普通稠油降黏复合驱技术研究与矿场试验

针对普通稠油油藏水驱采收率低且热采成本高、碳排放量大的问题,基于春光油田低温高盐储层的流体性质,优选了阴离子型降黏剂和耐盐聚合物,通过室内物理模拟实验,明确了热水驱、单一降黏剂驱、复合驱的降水增油机理;建立了降黏复合驱反应动力学方程,在CMG-STARS软件中开发了降黏复合驱数值模拟方法,并优化了春2单元普通稠油降黏复合驱井网、井距及注采方案。研究结果表明:降黏复合驱可以充分发挥驱替相增黏、被驱替相降黏的加和效应,具有体系用量少、碳排放低、提高采收率幅度大等优势;降黏复合驱适合五点法井网,注采井距应小于200 m,在增稠剂质量分数为0.25%、降黏剂质量分数为0.20%的条件下,最佳注入段塞量为0.5倍孔隙体积,注采比为1.05。矿场实践表明,特高含水后期(含水率96.0%)的油井实施降黏复合驱,含水率降幅达30%以上,日增油5 t/d。研究证实了该项技术矿场应用的可行性,可为改善普通稠油开发效果、实现工业减排提供借鉴。

油田废水的混凝处理技术研究进展

国内油田的开发关乎国家能源安全,油田开发与生产过程会产生大量废水,油田废水的高效处理与资源化利用是我国石油工业绿色低碳发展的关键。目前,混凝工艺因其成熟、经济、实用等特点成为油田废水处理中不可缺少的一项技术。综述了混凝工艺处理油田废水的研究现状与进展,重点介绍了油田废水处理中常用的混凝工艺,阐述了典型混凝剂在油田废水中的应用,并列举了新型复合混凝剂的处理效果与特点,在此基础上梳理了用于提升混凝效果的工艺技术。此外,结合实际工程应用,着重分析了混凝工艺处理油田废水存在的问题以及未来发展方向,以期为油田废水混凝处理技术的研究、开发与应用提供参考。

塔河油田下寒武统烃源岩生排烃史差异演化及成藏效应

针对塔河奥陶系油藏多相态油气富集主控因素认识不清的问题,采用盆地模拟技术再现了塔河油田下寒武统烃源岩热演化史、生烃史及典型剖面油气运聚过程。研究表明:塔河地区下寒武统烃源岩从加里东早期进入成熟阶段,目前处于高成熟—湿气阶段,发育断续埋藏、持续埋藏和长期浅埋藏3种热演化模式,分别对应油气并举双峰型、油强气弱型、单峰型3种生烃模式。烃源岩热演化差异致使奥陶系油气发育多期充注、垂向疏导、侧向调整改造的演化历史,油气相态呈现轻质油藏—中质油藏—重质油藏的有序分布格局。塔河地区不同构造带下寒武统烃源岩热演化具有由北西向南东递增的趋势,与油气相态差异呈现明显的正相关性,体现出“源控”特征,喜山期控制了现今油气藏分布。研究发现,塔河油田盐下、托甫台生烃强度高,喜山期生烃总量相对较大,可作为下一步勘探开发的有利区。研究结果对塔河油田深层油气资源和目标评价有一定指导意义。

正德、利用、厚生:“春秋三事”的现代阐释与中国人文经济学构建

中国人文经济学的产生,是马克思主义与中国具体实际和中华优秀传统文化相结合的结果。中国人文经济学的构建和发展,一方面要采用现代科学方法,另一方面要发扬中国人文传统。中国经济学的科学方法来源于马克思主义和现代科学的基本理念,而中国人文传统是中国人民通过观乎天文,观乎人文,彰往察来,显微阐幽,经数千年而形成的历史文脉。“春秋三事”是中国古代圣贤总结历史经验提出的基本政治经济理念,具体来说就是要合理利用天地之间各种资源,并在此基础上做好三件事,即正德、利用、厚生,并将“三事”统合协调,执中惟和,从而实现人民安乐,万世永赖。所以,正德、利用、厚生成为中国历代国家和社会治理的基本原则。本文认为,“春秋三事”经马克思主义的现代阐释,并与现代市场经济理论结合,可以作为中国人文经济学构建的基础框架。

大庆油田裸眼井测井技术进展与展望

为了提高大庆油田裸眼井测井技术支撑能力和研究成果领先水平,全面回顾了大庆油田测井采集系列及解释技术的创新发展历程,系统总结了特高含水期剩余油解释、火山岩等复杂岩性测井评价、碎屑岩储量参数解释、非常规油气“甜点”分类、缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层测井评价等油田勘探开发测井评价技术。在客观分析大庆油田勘探开发测井解释评价需求和面临瓶颈问题的基础上,结合当前油田测井评价对象规模小、物性差、埋藏深、地层结构复杂、非均质性强的特点。指明了测井解释评价核心技术主攻方向。围绕新阶段测井采集及解释评价技术体系完善与建立,对高分辨率和成像测井采集、后油藏时期和非常规测井解释评价、新一代智能解释技术体系等未来发展进行了展望。

发展型人力资源管理实践对员工主动变革行为的影响机制:中庸思维的调节作用

作为新兴的人力资源管理实践,发展型人力资源管理实践能够对员工的工作动机、行为产生积极影响。然而,在中国本土文化情境下,鲜有文献涉及发展型人力资源管理实践如何影响员工主动变革行为。基于资源保存理论和“能力—动机—机会(AMO)”框架,探讨发展型人力资源管理实践对员工主动变革行为的影响机制和边界条件。通过对三阶段349份有效样本的分析发现,发展型人力资源管理实践对员工主动变革行为具有显著正向影响;员工工作重塑在发展型人力资源管理实践与员工主动变革行为间发挥部分中介作用;中庸思维会进一步强化发展型人力资源管理实践与主动变革行为间关系,且该调节效应会被工作重塑中介。

塔里木盆地塔河油田塔深5井震旦系原油地球化学特征及地质意义

塔深5(TS5)井于2021年完钻,井深9 017 m,是目前亚洲第一深井,同时也是塔里木盆地台盆区第一口在8 780~8 840 m的上震旦统白云岩段获得油气突破的钻井,也是继轮探1井寒武系盐下突破后,超深层白云岩领域的又一重大发现。为了探究其油气成因,分别对TS5井震旦系凝析油和上部奥陶系重质油,及其邻区寒武系挥发油和奥陶系凝析油进行了有机地球化学特征对比。结果表明,TS5井震旦系凝析油和白云岩储层氯仿抽提物的正构烷烃系列均分布完整,指示了其生烃母质形成于强还原环境;其与奥陶系正常油-超重质油和雅克拉地区凝析油总体具有相似的生物标志化合物和碳同位素分布特征,反映均具有相似的油源;其等效镜质体反射率(Rc)值为1.7%,成熟度高于奥陶系重质油、寒武系挥发油,与邻区凝析油相当,处于高成熟阶段。综合生物标志化合物和碳同位素证据,推测TS5井震旦系油气源来自下寒武统玉尔吐斯组,其与上覆玉尔吐斯组泥页岩构成良好的储盖组合,喜马拉雅晚期来自周边较低部位玉尔吐斯组生成的高成熟凝析油气,沿斜坡运移至震旦系白云岩构造圈闭内形成了一定规模的凝析气藏。TS5井震旦系油气突破,发现了新的含油气层系,丰富了超深层油气成藏过程,为塔里木盆地超深层勘探指明了新的探索方向。

《甬言稽诂》的校注特色和价值

《甬言稽诂》是近人应钟撰写的一部考释宁波方言的专著,用文言写成,征引丰富,考证详尽,观点或是或非,不好裁择。《〈甬言稽诂〉校注及研究》一书对其进行了校注,探赜发微,正讹辨误,多有创获。今就“校注”的特色和价值略作分析和评述,便于读者更好地了解《甬言稽诂》,更好地传承方言文化。

致密油储层含油性主控因素及分布特征——以鄂尔多斯盆地红河油田36井区长8油层组为例

鄂尔多斯盆地红河油田地质条件复杂,含油非均质性极强,导致水平井产能差异及开发难度大。文中基于钻、测、录井及岩心测试、生产动态等资料,对红河油田36井区长8油层组含油性主控因素及含油饱和度分布特征开展了研究。结果表明:1)红河油田由于油气充注强度整体较低,呈现“大面积含油、局部富集”的特点。2)断裂与储层物性是控制含油性的2个主要因素,不同尺度断裂及其伴(派)生裂缝带的含油性差异大。其中:中尺度断裂及其伴(派)生裂缝带既是良好的源-储输导体系,也能改善储层物性,是主要的油气富集带(区);裂缝带以外的基质区主要受储层物性影响,在优质储层发育部位,可发育形成次油气富集区。3)研究区存在断-缝输导成藏和源-储接触成藏2种油气成藏模式,由此建立了长8油层组致密油藏含油性差异成因模式,明确了高含油饱和度区呈“裂缝带内条带状分布、裂缝带以外沿优质储层片状分布”的特征,“雁列式中尺度断裂+优质储层”部位为有利的开发目标区。