Leveraging Zibo Barbecue’s Success to Develop Hebei’s Culinary Brand:A Strategic Path

In 2023,Zibo barbecue culture exploded across the entire country,allowing people nationwide to experience and enjoy Zibo barbecue.This phenomenon injected new vitality into the economic development of Zibo.To promote the economic development of Hebei Province,this paper fully analyzes the reasons behind the popularity of Zibo barbecue,combines these insights with the characteristics of traditional cuisine in Hebei,and draws lessons from Zibo barbecue’s success as a business card for Zibo.The paper then outlines a strategy for building a culinary business card for Hebei.

YAN Yong-qing(严永清)——A Prominent Integrative Pharmacist

YAN Yongqing,male,bornin July 1934 inShanghai,wasgraduated fromthe PharmaceuticsDepartment ofNortheast Pharmaceutical College(Shenyang Phar-maceutical Univer-

Estimated prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of mental disorders in medical students of Hebei Province,China:A crosssectional study

BACKGROUND In China,the identification rate and treatment rate of mental disorders are low,and there are few surveys on the prevalence of mental disorders among college students using diagnostic tools such as Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview(MINI),so the prevalence and treatment of mental disorders among college students are unclear.AIM To estimate prevalence of mental disorders among medical students in Hebei Province,and provide guidance for improving their mental health.METHODS This was a cross-sectional study based on an Internet-based survey.Three levels of medical students in Hebei Province were randomly selected(by cluster sampling)for screening.Using the information network assessment system,the subjects scanned the 2D code with their mobile phones,clicked to sign the informed consent,and answered a scale.A self-designed general status questionnaire was used to collect information about age,gender,ethnicity,grade,and origin of students.The MINI 5.0.was used to investigate mental disorders.Data analysis was performed with SPSS software.Statistically significant findings were determined using a two-tailed P value of 0.05.RESULTS A total of 7117 subjects completed the survey between October 11 and November 7,2021.The estimated prevalence of any mental disorders within 12 mo was 7.4%.Mood disorders were the most common category(4.3%),followed by anxiety disorders(3.9%);15.0%had been to psychological counseling,while only 5.7%had been to a psychiatric consultation,and only 10%had received drug therapy in the past 12 mo.CONCLUSION Although the estimated prevalence of mental disorders in medical students is lower than in the general population,the rate of adequate treatment is low.We determined that improving the mental health of medical students is an urgent matter.

Occurrence and Integrated Control of Psylla chinensis in Eastern Hebei Province

The paper introduces the damage characteristics and occurrence regularity of Psylla chinensis in pear orchards in eastern Hebei Province,and summarizes the integrated prevention and control techniques of P.chinensis,in order to provide a reference for the prevention and control of P.chinensis in eastern Hebei Province.

Development Countermeasures of County-level Edible Fungi Industry in Hebei Province from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization

In recent years,the edible fungi industry in Hebei Province has developed rapidly,with gradually increased cultivation scale and production output,and has become the pillar industry of the province,playing a certain role in promoting the development of rural economy and rural revitalization.Based on the in-depth analysis of the development status,future development direction and current constraints of the edible fungi industry in each typical county of Hebei Province in recent years,the paper puts forward corresponding development countermeasures,which has certain reference value for the county-level edible fungi industry of Hebei Province to promote rural revitalization.

Magmatic Event at the End of the Archean in Eastern Hebei Province and Its Geological Implication

By using the SHRIMP U-Pb and single zircon stepwise evaporation methods, the authors have obtained some results for granitoids from eastern Hebei Province. The Yuhuzhai hyperthene tonalitic granite was formed 2550 Ma ago, the Qingyangshu gabbroic gneiss 2536 Ma, the Yinmahe granodioritic gneiss near Lücao, Lulong County, 2533 Ma, the gabbro-dioritic gneiss near Longwan, Qianxi County, 2518-2515 Ma, the Qiuhuayu trondjemitic gneiss at Zunhua 2515 Ma, the Xiaoguanzhuang tonalitic gneiss at Zunhua 2495 Ma, and the Cuizhangzi gneiss in Qianxi County 2492 Ma. These geochronilogical data demonstrate that, though diverse in composition, type and origin, the granitic gneisses in eastern Hebei Province were emplaced and crystallized in a rather short period of magmatic activity. The formation of such a great amount of gneisses in this small time gap suggests that it was a critical crust accretion stage at the end of Neoarchean. The fact that granitoids of various types occurred at the same time implies a large-scale underplating （mantle plume） activity, which was then responsible for the crust accretion.

A New Ceratopsian from the Upper Jurassic Houcheng Formation of Hebei, China

A new ceratopsian taxon Xuanhuaceratops niei gen. et sp. nov. is erected based on four fragmentary specimens collected from the Late Jurassic Houcheng Formation, Hebei Province, China. Xuanhuaceratops shares a number of derived features with, and is closely related to, another probable Late Juarassic ceratopsian Chaoyangsaurus youngi, from which it differs in only possessing a single premaxlllary tooth as well as in details of quadrate and scapular morphology. We hypothesize that these two taxa represent a primitive lineage of Ceratopsia that is basal to the psittacosauridneoceratopsian diversity, and propose the name Chaoyangsauridae for it.

A New Enantiornitine Bird with Four Long Rectrices from the Early Cretaceous of Northern Hebei,China

Paraprotopteryx gracilis, a new enantiornithine bird from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Fengning, northern Hebei Province is erected, based on the following characters： Yshaped furcula with a long hypocleidum and a much narrow interclavicular angle, and the morphology of the sternum are different from other enantiornithines. Additionally, alular digit bearing the biggest manual claw extends distally to the distal end of the major metacarpal; the minor metacarpal is slender than the major metacarpal. Carpometacarpus only fused proximally; astragalus and calcaneum partially fused to one another but unfused to the tibia. This is the first record of Mesozoic birds in having four long rectrices, which may represent morphologically a secondary sexual character, an intermediate stage from elongated scale to branched feather, and possess functional advantage in supplementing the lifting surface to compensate the unskilled flight.

Estimated cancer incidence and mortality in Hebei province,2012

Objective： This study estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and cancer deaths in Hebei province using incidence and mortality data from 9 population-based cancer registries in 2012. Methods： The data of new diagnosed cancer cases and cancer deaths in 2012 were collected from 9 population-based cancer registries of Hebei province in 2015. All the data met the National Central Cancer Registry of China （NCCR） criteria of data quality. The pooled data analysis was stratified by areas （urban/ rural）, gender, age group （0, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14 85＋） and cancer type. New cancer cases and deaths in Hebei province were estimated using age-specific rates and corresponding provincial population in 2012. The 10 most common cancers in different groups and the cumulative rates were calculated. Chinese population census in 2000 and Segi＇s population were used for age-standardized incidence/mortality rates. Results： All cancer registries covered 4,986,847 populations, 6.84% of Hebei provincial population （2,098,547 in urban and 2,888,300 in rural areas）. The percentage of cases morphologically verified （MV%） and death certificate-only cases （DCO%） were 76.40% and 4.72%, respectively. The mortality to incidence rate ratio （M/I） was 0.64. In 2012, it is estimated that there were about 187,900 new diagnosed cancer cases and 119,800 cancer deaths in Hebei province. The incidence rate of cancer was 258.12/100,000 （275.75/100,000 in males, 239.78/100,000 in females）, and the age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population （ASIRC） and by world standard population （ASIRW） were 210.65/100,000 and 208.50/100,000, with the cumulative incidence rates （0-74 years old） of 24.46%. The cancer incidence and ASIRC were 256.99/100,000 and 211.32/100,000 in urban areas and 258.94/100,000 and 209.99/100,000 in rural areas, respectively. The cancer mortality rate was 164.63/100,000 （201.85/100,000 in males, 125.92/100,000 in females）. Age- standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population （ASMRC） and by world standard population （ASMRW） were 137.30/100,000 and 137.39/100,000 with the cumulative mortality rate （0-74 years old） of 14.58%, respectively. The cancer mortality rate in rural areas （167.16/100,000） was higher than that in urban areas （161.16/100,000）. The most common cancers were lung cancer, stomach cancer, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, liver cancer and colorectal cancer, which accounted for 72.31% of all cancer cases. Lung cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer and colorectal cancer were the major causes of cancer death in Hebei province, which accounted for 75.24% of all cancer deaths. The cancer spectrum differs between urban and rural, males and females in both incidence and mortality rates. Conclusions： The most common cancers were lung cancer, stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer and eolorectal cancer in Hebei province.

Spatial-temporal evolution of vegetation evapotranspiration in Hebei Province,China

Evapotranspiration （ET） is the sum of soil or water body evaporation and plant transpiration from the earth surface and ocean to the atmosphere, and thus plays a significant role in regulating carbon and water resource cycles. The time-series data set from the remote sensing MOLDS product （MOD16） was used to study the spatial-temporal evolution of vegetation evapotranspiration in salinized areas during 2000-2014 by analyzing the variability, spatial patterns and Mann-Kendall （MK） nonparametric trends for the time series. The results indicate that inter-annual and intra-annual variations of ET across various vegetated areas show seasonal changes, with the abnormal months identified. The Cultivated land displays a greater degree of spatial heterogeneity and the spatial pattern of ET in the area covered by broadleaved deciduous forests corresponds to a higher ET rate and increased water consumption. Awidespread decline of ET is observed only in cultivated areas. However, agricultural cultivation doesn＇t worsen water shortage and soil salinization problems in the region, and water shortage problems are worsening for other vegetated areas. This research provides a basis of reference for the reasonable allocation of water resources and restructuring of vegetation patterns in salinized areas.

Important Events and Chronological Framework of the Early Precambrian Granulite Terrain,Northwestern Hebei Province

Based on the chronological data and relevant geological evidence, the chronological framework of the major geological events of the granulite terrain in northwestern Hebei Province and its adjacent areas has been established. Basic lava eruption occurred in the span of 2868-2932 Ma, resulting in the formation of the early crust. The TTG magma emplacement took place c.2761 Ma ago. Subsequently basic magma intruded into the supracrustal rocks at 2650 Ma, resulting in crustal thickening. The thickening was enhanced at 2561-2503 Ma by the widespread intrusions of granodioritic magma. In the period of 2477-2461 Ma charnockite intruded, accompanied by regional granulite facies metamorphism. The second stage of granulite facies metamorphism occurred c. 2300 Ma ago, and finally pink granite intrusions at 2144-2087 Ma resulted in the formation of a granite zone.

Atmospheric Circulation and Dynamic Mechanism for Persistent Haze Events in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region

In this study, regional persistent haze events（RPHEs） in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei（BTH） region were identified based on the Objective Identification Technique for Regional Extreme Events for the period 1980–2013. The formation mechanisms of the severe RPHEs were investigated with focus on the atmospheric circulation and dynamic mechanisms. Results indicated that：（1） 49 RPHEs occurred during the past 34 years.（2） The severe RPHEs could be categorized into two types according to the large-scale circulation, i.e. the zonal westerly airflow（ZWA） type and the high-pressure ridge（HPR） type. When the ZWA-type RPHEs occurred, the BTH region was controlled by near zonal westerly airflow in the mid–upper troposphere.Southwesterly winds prevailed in the lower troposphere, and near-surface wind speeds were only 1–2 ms^-1. Warm and humid air originating from the northwestern Pacific was transported into the region, where the relative humidity was 70% to 80%, creating favorable moisture conditions. When the HPR-type RPHEs appeared, northwesterly airflow in the mid–upper troposphere controlled the region. Westerly winds prevailed in the lower troposphere and the moisture conditions were relatively weak.（3） Descending motion in the mid-lower troposphere caused by the above two circulation types provided a crucial dynamic mechanism for the formation of the two types of RPHEs. The descending motion contributed to a reduction in the height of the planetary boundary layer（PBL）, which generated an inversion in the lower troposphere. This inversion trapped the abundant pollution and moisture in the lower PBL, leading to high concentrations of pollutants.

Process and mechanism of arable land change in Hebei Province during the past 50 years

Hebei Province is one of the regions with most densely population, fastest economic growth and most intensive land use in China. The contradiction of land shortage sharpened by high-speed economic development with population growth has become a serious problem, which has restricted regional sustainable development.This paper revealed the basic process, regional differences of change and the gravity center of arable land area according to the long-series statistical data of arable land during the past 50 years. On the basis of the above mentioned, the major driving forces that influence the changes of the arable land are discussed. The research results indicate that there is a trend of obvious fluctuating decrease in arable land area during the last 50 years. The changes of arable land area undergo the process from increase to sharp decrease to gently decrease. The regional disparity of change in arable land area is very notable and the gravity center of arable land area moves to the northeast 49.22 km. Regarding the decrease in arable land, the direct driving forces include adjustments of agricultural structure and reclamation, and indirect driving forces include advance in technology, economic interest and population growth etc.

Observations of coastal aeolian dune movements at Feicuidao, on the Changli Gold Coast in Hebei Province

High-precision RTK GPS technology was used to survey the movements of typical coastal dunes, including a coastal crescent dune and a coastal transverse ridge, in the Feicuidao region of the Changli Gold Coast in Hebei Province in 2006-2008. Our data provide information on the direction, type, and velocity of coastal dune movements, and indicate that the coastal dunes in this re- gion are characterized as slow and landward advancing, with to-and-fro fluctuations. The bottom of the studied coastal transverse ridge was stable during the observation period but the position of its crest advanced eastward （seaward） during summer and au- tumn, and moved landward （westward） in winter and spring. Thus, its crest moved generally landward （westward） but fluctuated to-and-fro eastward and westward. In contrast, the entire coastal crescent dune advanced landward （westward） in a to-and-fro manner, and the velocity of its movement was faster than that of the transverse ridge dune. These results are mainly related to the wind conditions in the research area, the height and volume of the two types of coastal dunes.

The upper and middle crustal velocity structure of the northern part of Hebei plain inferred from short period surface wave dispersion

Based on short period Rayleigh wave data recorded by Beliing Seismic Telemetered Network, the dispersion curves of Raleigh wave phase velocity, with period from 2 s to 1 8 s, are calculated by means of two-station method, for 5 paths across the earthquake zone located in the Beijing graben and the Hebei plain. According to the dispersion features, the upper and middle crustal S wave velocity structures are respectively obtained for the northern segment of Beijing graben and the northern part of Hebei plain. The results show that there is an obvious interface at the depth of g kin in the Beijing graben, the velocity varies little with depth in the middle crust, and there is a low-velocity-zone, with a thickness of 5 km and a buried depth of 14.6 km, in the middle crust of the Hebei plain.

Research on ground fissure origins and mechanisms in Hebei Plain,P.R.China

Ground fissure hazards frequently emerge in Hebei Plain, which damage roads, dams, buildings and farmland. The paper reviews and analyses current state of knowledge and research into ground fissure and geological environment in Hebei Plain. It is shown that the level of research and investigation is in some aspects insufficient. Knowledge is lacking in the use of corresponding geological concept models for specific ground fissures, three-dimensional numerical simulations of ground fissures caused by pumping through soil with pre-existing fractures, numerical simulations of ground fissures caused by dislocation in intersection faults, and the failure criterion and the constitutive relationship of rock and soil. Furthermore, we put forward geological concept models for ground fissure formation following the dislocation of a buried intersection fault, over-exploitation of groundwater and its compound origin mechanisms in order to provide scientific evidence for the quantitative analysis.

Bali Tourism's Enlightenment on Tourism Development of Hebei Province,China

Bali Island in Indonesia,one of the Asian regions with the fastest-developed tourism industry,was taken for example to analyze its experience in making tourism development planning,raising funds,and brand building.On this basis,we proposed concrete suggestions for the future tourism development of Hebei Province in China by combining with its actual conditions:buildings in scenic spots have to show regional styles;folk custom tourism should be fully used to enhance tourism development;advanced management experience of foreign tourism enterprises should be introduced;a favorable tourism development atmosphere should be created first;foreign investment should be attracted.

Comprehensive Assessment of Eco-environment Vulnerability in Hebei Province Based on ArcGIS

[Objective] This study aimed to assess the vulnerability of ecological environment in Hebei Province.[Method] Based on ArcGIS,by using the dominant factor and maximum limits factor method,we established the sensitivity-reality indicator system and assessment model of the eco-environment vulnerability in Hebei Province to quantitatively evaluate its eco-environment vulnerability,and analyzed its spatial distribution.[Result] The status quo of environmental degradation was inconsistent with the sensitivity of eco-environment in Hebei Province.The area of severely vulnerable region accounted for only 4.1% of total area in Hebei Province,mainly distributed in nine counties or districts of Baxia region,Zhangjiakou,northwestern Hebei,which was covered with mountains and basins,showing bands,which resulted from the vulnerability of soil erosion and land desertification.In addition,the moderately vulnerable region made up 38.4%,having the largest proportion,and mainly distributed in the mountain and basin region in northwestern Hebei,Yanshan Mountain and the most regions of Taihang Mountain,due to the vulnerability of soil erosion.At the same time,there were also large patches of moderately vulnerable region in Bashang and Baxia of Zhangjiakou,owning to the vulnerability of land desertification.Besides,most plains were mildly vulnerable and slightly vulnerable regions,and their areas accounted for 25.1% and 32.4% respectively of total area.[Conclusion] The research could provide scientific references for safeguarding the ecological security and main functional district planing of Hebei Province.

Revision of the Clam Shrimp Genus Magumbonia from the Upper Jurassic of the Luanping Basin,Hebei,Northern China

The diverse clam shrimp Nestoria-Keratestheria fauna is widely distributed in the Dabeigou Formation in northern Hebei and eastern Inner Mongolia of China. Its important component genus Magumbonia from the Dabeigou Formation in the Luanping Basin, northern Hebei, China, is revised on the basis of a scanning electron microscope （SEM） examination of the type species M.jingshangensis Wang, 1984, which revealed morphological features not recognized previously. These include coarse reticulation on the umbo and prominent growth lines ornamented with densely spaced, small tubercles and fine lirae.

Response to Hydrothermal Change of Tree Radial Growth since 1990s in the Southern Taihang Mountains in Hebei Province

On the basis of the relationship between tree ring width of Pinus tabulaeformis in the southern Taihang Mountains in Hebei Province and climate factors, such as mean temperature, mean maximum temperature, mean minimum temperature and precipitation, we find that tree-ring width correlates positively and significantly with mean and maximum temperature in March and Spring, and with minimum temperature in March, April, Spring and Autumn. The sampling tree radial growth responds sensitively to spring temperature change.