This study aims to determine the factors related with mothers' behaviors in preventing diarrhea in children aged 1-5 years inBuol District. This was a cross-sectional survey design with health belief model as the con...This study aims to determine the factors related with mothers' behaviors in preventing diarrhea in children aged 1-5 years inBuol District. This was a cross-sectional survey design with health belief model as the conceptual framework. A total of 300mothers were selected by using purposive sampling method based on criteria. Mothers were interviewed by using astructured questionnaire during October to November 2015. A chi-square (X^2) test was used to determine a significantassociation between independent variables and dependent variable. The finding showed that 68.3% of mothers hadgood behaviors in preventing diarrhea. The factors significantly related to mothers' behaviors included perceivedsusceptibility to diarrhea, perceived severity of diarrhea, perceived benefits of diarrhea prevention behaviors, and perceivedbarriers of diarrhea prevention behaviors CP 〈 .01, p 〈 .01, p 〈 .01, and p 〈 .01 respectively). Further, mothers had highperception to comply with diarrhea prevention behaviors. Those who perceived that diarrhea prevention behaviors werehighly beneficial to their children had good behaviors in preventing diarrhea. However, taking certain actions must considernegative aspects.展开更多
目的:探讨后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定技术在1~5岁幼儿上颈椎疾患中的应用效果。方法:回顾性研究本团队2013年5月~2022年3月采用寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定技术治疗的上颈椎疾患幼儿13例,男10例,女3例;年龄15~68个月,平均43.85±17.56...目的:探讨后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定技术在1~5岁幼儿上颈椎疾患中的应用效果。方法:回顾性研究本团队2013年5月~2022年3月采用寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定技术治疗的上颈椎疾患幼儿13例,男10例,女3例;年龄15~68个月,平均43.85±17.56个月;体重9~22.5kg,平均16.32±3.23kg。患儿的主要临床表现为颈部疼痛伴活动受限,其中2例患儿伴有四肢乏力,1例患儿颈部偏斜为主要表现;术前美国脊髓损伤协会(American Spinal Injury Association,ASIA)分级C级2例,D级1例,E级10例。术前常规行张口位正侧位以及动力位X线片、CT骨三维重建、椎动脉CT血管造影(CT angiography,CTA)、MRI平扫或增强检查。常规行床边枕颌带或颅骨牵引,麻醉下颅骨牵引,13例患儿皆可获得完全或大部分复位,遂行后路寰枢椎复位椎弓根钉棒内固定术,所有椎弓根螺钉直径为3.5mm;除外4例新鲜单纯Ⅱ型齿状突骨折伴寰枢椎脱位患儿,其他病例皆行自体髂骨植骨融合;对3例因颅颈交界畸形或寰枢椎发育异常无法行寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定术患儿采用枕颈固定融合方式治疗。结果:所有患儿手术过程顺利,未发生硬脊膜、脊髓、椎动脉或神经根损伤。共置入颈椎后路螺钉50枚,枕骨钢板3个;其中寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉41枚,枢椎椎板螺钉3枚,C3、C4侧块螺钉6枚。手术时长100~180min,平均136.92±30.38min;术中出血30~150ml,平均73.33±35.43ml,均未输血。住院时间5~31d,平均15.58±8.37d。所有患儿皆获得随访,随访时间3~109个月,平均47.46±36.26个月。术后寰枢间距减小,椎管最小矢状径增大,与术前相比差异均具有统计学意义(1.19±0.19cm vs 1.81±0.34cm,1.42±0.30cm vs 1.08±0.43cm,P<0.05)。术后3个月随访时,所有患儿均无颈部疼痛,除枕颈固定融合病例颈部活动受影响明显外,其余患儿仅轻微颈部旋转受限;JOA评分与术前比较差异无统计学意义(17.00±0.00 vs 16.23±0.48,P>0.05);术前1例脊髓功能ASIA C级,2例ASIA D级患儿末次随访时恢复至E级。所有行融合手术患儿骨性融合时间为2.5~6个月,平均4.15±1.60个月。4例行单纯寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定患儿,齿状突骨折愈合后返院拆除内固定,在后续随访中,寰枢椎无不稳并恢复正常功能。结论:直径3.5mm成人椎弓根螺钉能够安全有效应用于大部分上颈椎疾患幼儿,长期随访疗效满意。对于部分寰枢椎发育不良或颅颈交界畸形患儿,寰椎椎弓根螺钉联合枢椎椎板螺钉或枕颈固定融合是有效的补救方式。展开更多
文摘This study aims to determine the factors related with mothers' behaviors in preventing diarrhea in children aged 1-5 years inBuol District. This was a cross-sectional survey design with health belief model as the conceptual framework. A total of 300mothers were selected by using purposive sampling method based on criteria. Mothers were interviewed by using astructured questionnaire during October to November 2015. A chi-square (X^2) test was used to determine a significantassociation between independent variables and dependent variable. The finding showed that 68.3% of mothers hadgood behaviors in preventing diarrhea. The factors significantly related to mothers' behaviors included perceivedsusceptibility to diarrhea, perceived severity of diarrhea, perceived benefits of diarrhea prevention behaviors, and perceivedbarriers of diarrhea prevention behaviors CP 〈 .01, p 〈 .01, p 〈 .01, and p 〈 .01 respectively). Further, mothers had highperception to comply with diarrhea prevention behaviors. Those who perceived that diarrhea prevention behaviors werehighly beneficial to their children had good behaviors in preventing diarrhea. However, taking certain actions must considernegative aspects.
文摘目的:探讨后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定技术在1~5岁幼儿上颈椎疾患中的应用效果。方法:回顾性研究本团队2013年5月~2022年3月采用寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定技术治疗的上颈椎疾患幼儿13例,男10例,女3例;年龄15~68个月,平均43.85±17.56个月;体重9~22.5kg,平均16.32±3.23kg。患儿的主要临床表现为颈部疼痛伴活动受限,其中2例患儿伴有四肢乏力,1例患儿颈部偏斜为主要表现;术前美国脊髓损伤协会(American Spinal Injury Association,ASIA)分级C级2例,D级1例,E级10例。术前常规行张口位正侧位以及动力位X线片、CT骨三维重建、椎动脉CT血管造影(CT angiography,CTA)、MRI平扫或增强检查。常规行床边枕颌带或颅骨牵引,麻醉下颅骨牵引,13例患儿皆可获得完全或大部分复位,遂行后路寰枢椎复位椎弓根钉棒内固定术,所有椎弓根螺钉直径为3.5mm;除外4例新鲜单纯Ⅱ型齿状突骨折伴寰枢椎脱位患儿,其他病例皆行自体髂骨植骨融合;对3例因颅颈交界畸形或寰枢椎发育异常无法行寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定术患儿采用枕颈固定融合方式治疗。结果:所有患儿手术过程顺利,未发生硬脊膜、脊髓、椎动脉或神经根损伤。共置入颈椎后路螺钉50枚,枕骨钢板3个;其中寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉41枚,枢椎椎板螺钉3枚,C3、C4侧块螺钉6枚。手术时长100~180min,平均136.92±30.38min;术中出血30~150ml,平均73.33±35.43ml,均未输血。住院时间5~31d,平均15.58±8.37d。所有患儿皆获得随访,随访时间3~109个月,平均47.46±36.26个月。术后寰枢间距减小,椎管最小矢状径增大,与术前相比差异均具有统计学意义(1.19±0.19cm vs 1.81±0.34cm,1.42±0.30cm vs 1.08±0.43cm,P<0.05)。术后3个月随访时,所有患儿均无颈部疼痛,除枕颈固定融合病例颈部活动受影响明显外,其余患儿仅轻微颈部旋转受限;JOA评分与术前比较差异无统计学意义(17.00±0.00 vs 16.23±0.48,P>0.05);术前1例脊髓功能ASIA C级,2例ASIA D级患儿末次随访时恢复至E级。所有行融合手术患儿骨性融合时间为2.5~6个月,平均4.15±1.60个月。4例行单纯寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定患儿,齿状突骨折愈合后返院拆除内固定,在后续随访中,寰枢椎无不稳并恢复正常功能。结论:直径3.5mm成人椎弓根螺钉能够安全有效应用于大部分上颈椎疾患幼儿,长期随访疗效满意。对于部分寰枢椎发育不良或颅颈交界畸形患儿,寰椎椎弓根螺钉联合枢椎椎板螺钉或枕颈固定融合是有效的补救方式。