Exploration of the Construction of the Civic and Political Education in Engineering Geology Course

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the integration of the elements of civic and political education into the engineering geology course to improve students’ideological and moral qualities.It is proposed that by integrating elements of civic and political education,students are guided to form a positive attitude toward engineering practice as well as correct values and ethics.With regard to the teaching design and implementation of the course,the implementation paths of teacher team building,careful teaching design,innovative teaching methods,and the integration of civic and politics in practical teaching are proposed to summarize the significance of integrating the elements of civic and political education in the construction of the engineering geology course.It is pointed out that this integration not only improves the quality of the course,but also provides a reference for the civic and political education of other similar professional courses.This integration not only focuses on the teaching of professional knowledge,but also pays more attention to the cultivation of students’ideology and morality,which provides a model and guidance for shaping new talents with all-round development.

Deep seabed mining:Frontiers in engineering geology and environment

Ocean mining activities have been ongoing for nearly 70 years,making great contributions to industrialization.Given the increasing demand for energy,along with the restructuring of the energy supply catalyzed by efforts to achieve a low-carbon economy,deep seabed mining will play an important role in addressing energy-and resource-related problems in the future.However,deep seabed mining remains in the exploratory stage,with many challenges presented by the high-pressure,low-temperature,and complex geologic and hydrodynamic environments in deep-sea mining areas,which are inaccessible to human activities.Thus,considerable efforts are required to ensure sustainable,economic,reliable,and safe deep seabed mining.This study reviews the latest advances in marine engineering geology and the environment related to deep-sea min-ing activities,presents a bibliometric analysis of the development of ocean mineral resources since the 1950s,summarizes the development,theory,and issues related to techniques for the three stages of ocean mining(i.e.,exploration,extraction,and closure),and discusses the engineering geology environment,geological disasters,in-situ monitoring techniques,envi-ronmental protection requirements,and environmental effects in detail.Finally,this paper gives some key conclusions and future perspectives to provide insights for subsequent studies and commercial mining operations.

Modularized and Parametric Modeling Technology for Finite Element Simulations of Underground Engineering under Complicated Geological Conditions

The surrounding geological conditions and supporting structures of underground engineering are often updated during construction,and these updates require repeated numerical modeling.To improve the numerical modeling efficiency of underground engineering,a modularized and parametric modeling cloud server is developed by using Python codes.The basic framework of the cloud server is as follows:input the modeling parameters into the web platform,implement Rhino software and FLAC3D software to model and run simulations in the cloud server,and return the simulation results to the web platform.The modeling program can automatically generate instructions that can run the modeling process in Rhino based on the input modeling parameters.The main modules of the modeling program include modeling the 3D geological structures,the underground engineering structures,and the supporting structures as well as meshing the geometric models.In particular,various cross-sections of underground caverns are crafted as parametricmodules in themodeling program.Themodularized and parametric modeling program is used for a finite element simulation of the underground powerhouse of the Shuangjiangkou Hydropower Station.This complicatedmodel is rapidly generated for the simulation,and the simulation results are reasonable.Thus,this modularized and parametric modeling program is applicable for three-dimensional finite element simulations and analyses.

Acoustic-Physical Properties of Calcareous Seafloor Soils and Their Significance in Engineering Geology

The basic features and acoustic-physical properties of calcareous seafloor soils in the tropic sea area are obviously different from those of sediments mainly composed of terrigenous materials in the South China Sea. Generally calcareous soils, composed of carbonate particles of marine organism remains. have the characteristics of high water content, high porosity, low wet density, high sound velocity and greatly varied comprehensive strength. Recognizing the differences between calcareous soils and terrigenous sediments and engineering geologic significance of calcareous soils is crucial for seafloor geologic research and geotechnical survey for pile-jacket platform foundation design.

Engineering Geology of Limestone in Malaysia

This paper provides an overview of the engineering geology of limestone. Limestone is of rather wide occurrence in Malaysia. It is interesting in view of the unique landforms and karstic features that are encountered in limestone terrains, e.g. steep, subvertical limestone cliffs rising abruptly and majestically above the ground surface and highly variable and pinnacled subterranean limestone bedrock. The karstic features and associated engineering geological problems of both the limestone hills and the bedrock are discussed in the paper. Rockfalls, sinkholes, cavities, etc. are some of the common engineering geological problems associated with limestone terrains. Some local case studies are provided as illustrations. Finally the rock mechanical properties of limestone is discussed at the end of the paper.

Integrating Geology and Engineering for Viscous Oil Production Improvement—JX Oilfield, Bohai Bay, China

In this paper a case study is presented where refined 3D reservoir geology models, well pattern pilot test and Real-time GeoSteering tools have been integrated to optimize production performance of a viscous oil reserve. The viscous reserves were of high structural dip angle. In addition delta depositional system represented highly variable geomorphology, where stacked sandbodies and shale bedding are crossing each other frequently. In order to keep a higher production rate, using horizontal wells along with water injection was not enough;therefore, detailed reservoir characterization, well pattern pilot experiment and GeoSteering were used to optimize previous development strategy and keep horizontal trajectories safely landing into reservoir target zone. The stratigraphic sequence architecture that is derived from seismic interpretations captured the variation within these high dip structural backgrounds very effectively. The best combination of choices was “Injecting Water outside from OWC” and “Stair Shaped Horizontal Trajectories”. The borehole collision risks of these optimized strategies were then analyzed and controlled successfully by the GeoSteering tools during trajectory landing process. The reservoir development performance is improved tremendously as result of these renewed development strategies.

Forecasting and Decision-Making of Systematic Theories for Engineering Geology in Environmental Geoscience

The paper discusses the problems of engineering geology in environmental geoscience from several aspects. For natural sciences and social sciences, it deduces essential theory from logistic cycle model, logic mapping and Verhulst model. It had been discovered that these aspects are equal. However, these were the studies of normal effects. We must establish mathematical model to check from contrary course for gray forecasting and decision-making and answer several questions satisfactorily.

Analysis of Engineering Geology Indices in Three Units of Atamir Formation in Kope Dagh Zone

This is a field report on a comprehensive study of the Atamir Formation from the engineering geology perspective using the related indices. The Atamir Formation of the Cretaceous Period, which has outcropped in the form of thick frequencies of grey-knotted sandstone and black shales, is situated in the Kope Dagh zone. A survey of discontinuities together with bedding was carried out to study slope stability. The layers have a general east-west trend with a gentle slope towards the south. Because of the tectonic and stratigraphic differences, and with the purpose of facilitating surveys related to joint study of the outcrop, the formation in the study region was divided into three units. The lower unit is made of shale, the middle of sandstone, and the upper of marlstone. All three units were studied from the perspective of geomechanical classification, rock mass indices, geological strength, geomechanical indices, and wedge instability analysis under dry and wet conditions, and the results were investigated in the form of various images and figures. The Dips software was used to display the rose diagram and stereographic projection of each unit, the Swedge software to analyze instability of the wedges, and the Roctab software to analyze the geomechanical parameters and present the outputs along with the description of each unit.

Extraction and imaging of indicator elements for non-destructive,in-situ,fast identification of adverse geology in tunnels

The lag in quantitative methods and detection techniques for geologic information has resulted in time-consuming and human-experienced geologic analysis in tunnels.Geochemical indicators of rocks can be used to identify adverse geology and to explain the intrinsic causes of damage to normal rocks.This study proposes a method to identify adverse geology by extracting and imaging the indicator elements.The mapping relationship between rock components and geologic bodies is quickly determined by indicator element extraction based on factor analysis,and then the data are gridded for image output.The location and size of the target adverse geology are visually identified through the distribution images of the indicator elements,thus reducing data dimensions and analysis time.A non-destructive,in-situ and fast element detection technique in tunnels was adopted to speed up the process of geology identification.The accuracy of the detection was validated by comparing field and laboratory test results.This study further confirms and refines the previous research,and the results provide references for geological,mining and underground projects.

长江经济带岩溶塌陷分布、成因及其对工程建设的影响

[研究目的]岩溶塌陷是长江经济带主要环境地质问题之一,开展长江经济带岩溶塌陷分布、成因及其对工程建设的影响研究,对长江经济带立体综合交通走廊建设和新型城镇化建设地质环境安全保障具有重要意义。[研究方法]本文系统梳理了长江经济带岩溶塌陷研究成果,从岩溶环境特征、岩溶塌陷的成因类型和机制、发育及分布规律、对工程建设的影响及防控措施几个方面进行论述。[研究结果]研究结果表明,长江经济带岩溶塌陷易发区面积约25.4万km^(2),有记录的岩溶塌陷灾害2146处,矿山疏干排水、抽水、工程施工等是这一地区岩溶塌陷的主要诱发因素。长江经济带岩溶塌陷具有以下发育分布规律:一是具有区域性和地带性的分布特征;二是发育地层一般为均匀状纯碳酸盐岩,沿断裂破碎带、褶皱轴部裂隙发育带、可溶岩与非可溶岩接触地带等岩溶洞隙密集发育带分布;三是多发生在岩溶地下水强径流带、河流两岸等地下水位变化幅度大、水动力条件易发生急剧变化的地段;四是多发生在人类工程活动强烈的地区,塌陷的规模取决于人类活动的性质和强度。为了降低岩溶塌陷对工程建设和安全运营影响,本文同时提出了相关建议和对策。[结论]长江经济带岩溶塌陷分布广、危害大,高易发区内线性工程、重要城市群等规划建设应对这一环境地质问题引起重视,该研究成果可为长江经济带国土空间规划、地质灾害防治提供基础支撑和理论依据。

新疆煤层气大规模高效勘探开发关键技术领域研究进展与突破方向

新疆煤层气资源量7.5万亿m^(3)(2000 m以浅),已施工煤层气井450口,年产气量达到0.8亿m^(3),新疆维吾尔自治区提出了2025年实现煤层气产量25亿m^(3)的目标,煤层气大规模高效开发成为紧迫的重大需求。从煤层气富集模式与选区技术、“甜点”预测探测技术、加速滚动开发与快速增储上产策略、地质适配性开发技术、煤层气与煤炭、油气协同开发技术5个关键技术领域,系统梳理了新疆煤层气勘探开发已取得的主要研究进展,分析提出了可能突破方向。研究表明:新疆煤储层具有多-厚煤层普遍、低阶煤发育、急倾斜煤层多见、煤体变形与构造控制显著、水文条件和露头条件复杂,和三“低”(含气量低、甲烷体积分数低、含气饱和度低)五“高”(高含气强度、高孔隙度、高地应力变化、高储层压力变化、高渗透率变化)的含气性及物性等煤层气地质独特性;煤层气成因与富集模式具有多样性,包括生物成因气、热成因气或生物-热复合成因及其相应富集模式,生物成因气藏或生物成因气贡献普遍;煤层气分布赋存规律呈现前陆盆地、山间盆地显著差异性;创新形成基于“两”分开(浅部与深部,低阶煤与中高阶煤)“两”结合(地质评价与工程评价,多元数据)的科学评价与基于“机器学习+三维地质建模”的精准选区技术是第1个突破方向。深部煤层气/煤系气“甜点”发育区域主要为盆内坳陷的凸起、盆内隆起的凹陷、盆缘斜坡,高产井位多为构造高点,发育层位为割理裂隙发育的原生结构煤层或孔裂隙发育的煤系砂砾岩储层;基于“地球物理+岩石物理+岩石力学地层新方法”和“地质甜点+工程甜点新理念”的深部煤层气/煤系气“甜点”预测探测技术是第2个突破方向。低风险、短周期、高效率、多批次工程部署是加速滚动开发的基本原则;中浅部煤层气快速增储上产技术策略是在优选新区块布井建井、对老区块煤层气井进行增产改造;深部煤层气快速增储上产技术策略是在大型盆地缓坡深部和盆内凸起“甜点”区优先部署开发;科学加速滚动开发与高效快速增储上产的工程部署方法与技术策略是第3个突破方向。在井网井型差异性优化部署、低储层伤害钻井固井、高可靠性录井测井试井、多井型高效分段压裂、低套压-控压排采管控等工程技术取得重要进展;发展构建新疆煤层气大规模高效勘探开发地质适配性技术体系是第4个突破方向。开展先采气后采煤、煤层气与煤共采、煤层气与原位富油煤共采,推动中浅部煤层气与煤炭协同勘探开发;开展煤系叠合型气藏开发、煤层气与煤系气共探共采、煤系全油气系统勘探开发,推动深部煤层气与油气协同勘探开发,已有关注和探索;煤层气与煤、油气共探共采是第5个突破方向。成果试图为新疆煤层气大规模高效勘探开发提供技术支持和工程决策参考。

基于无人机倾斜摄影测量三维建模的区域黄土滑坡识别及特征分析

【研究目的】黄土滑坡是黄土地区人居与城镇建设安全的重大隐患。滑坡识别是滑坡灾害及其他研究工作的基础,因此基于无人机倾斜摄影测量三维建模从不同维度、不同视角直观快速地识别黄土滑坡并进行特征参数提取,能够为黄土滑坡风险识别及风险管理精细化研究提供技术支撑。【研究方法】以宁夏回族自治区固原市彭阳县红河镇西南部的黑牛沟村为研究区,采用无人机倾斜摄影测量数据获取、三维建模、现场验证结合地统计学分析,开展了区域黄土滑坡识别及其特征参数提取和分析。【研究结果】基于三维实景模型确定并分析研究区沟谷沿线地貌凹陷区是否存在陡壁及其周界形态,结合色调、纹理和微地貌等标志实现了黄土滑坡识别,共圈定了23个滑坡,结合现场验证移除2个非滑坡点,最终确定了21个滑坡;滑坡密集分布在主沟和支沟沟口,多呈对滑的形式出现在沟谷两侧且具有群发性;大型及特大型滑坡占比达到57.14%,滑坡的滑动方向主要以西南(阳坡)、东南(半阳坡)为主,相对高差集中在80~120 m,滑坡体坡形多呈凹形坡,滑坡体坡度主要集中在20°~30°;滑坡体土地利用类型主要为植被,其次为裸地,也有一部分为农田,道路和河流占比极少。【结论】基于无人机倾斜摄影测量构建的三维实景模型可从多维度、多视角精确快速地识别区域黄土滑坡,并分析其相关特征参数,能够弥补当前二维平面遥感影像存在的不足;还能够为滑坡易发性、危险性、易损性及风险评估等相关研究提供数据支撑。

城市深层地下空间地质环境韧性评估模型与应用

[研究目的]评估城市深层地下空间地质环境韧性有助于提高城市地下空间开发利用的安全性,减少灾害事件造成的经济损失。[研究方法]本文从城市深层地下空间的灾害事件严重度、地质体脆弱性、抵御力、恢复力和适应力等方面出发,建立了城市深层地下空间地质环境韧性多因素综合评估模型,并结合某城市一起突发事件的相关数据对评估模型进行了应用。[研究结果]评估模型具有较高操作性和可行性,可在各种复杂地质环境的城市中开展深层地下空间韧性评估工作;所评价灾害事件的严重度为5.601,属严重水平;地质体的暴露性为5.735,灾损敏感性为6.146,脆弱性综合评价结果为35.247,属脆弱地质体;预警能力指数为1.00,防灾能力指数由原来的5.66提高至灾后的7.00,故抵御力综合评价结果由15.38提高至19.02;通过填砂、地下注浆等措施后,恢复力为2.00,且由于地质环境趋于稳定,地质环境适应力综合分析为1.00。[结论]若受灾害影响,地质环境韧性水平的演化可分为正常、受灾、抵御、恢复、适应和新的正常水平6个阶段,韧性水平曲线呈现出先减小再增大后趋于稳定,且在受灾和抵御的节点处达到最小值。

大兴安岭中段内蒙古扎赉特旗地区石炭纪高镁闪长岩、埃达克岩的发现及其对嫩江洋俯冲作用的指示

扎赉特旗地区的晚古生代岩浆作用,对于揭示嫩江洋的俯冲过程与机制具有重要的约束意义。通过野外地质调查、岩石学、岩石地球化学和锆石U−Pb定年研究,在扎赉特旗元宝山和贾家屯地区新发现了晚石炭世早期的高镁闪长岩(年龄加权平均值为320.5±1.2 Ma)和O型埃达克岩(年龄加权平均值为317.9±3.3 Ma)。元宝山高镁闪长岩具有低SiO_(2)、高MgO、高Mg^(#)和富Na_(2)O的特点,且Ni、Cr含量高,富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,认为其形成于消减带之上的地幔楔环境,是由消减板片部分熔融衍生的富Si质流体交代地幔岩部分熔融形成的。贾家屯石英闪长岩具有高SiO2、富Na2O、高Sr和低Yb、Y的特点,K2O/Na2O值低,稀土元素强烈分异,富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,无负Eu异常,且贫Mg、Cr、Ni,为消减板片部分熔融后经结晶分异形成的O型埃达克岩。新发现的晚石炭世早期的埃达克岩−赞岐岩组合,与研究区石炭纪花岗岩的形成时间(333~304 Ma)同步,且高镁闪长岩与辉长岩(325.2~317.3 Ma)伴生,反映扎赉特旗地区处于松嫩地块西缘的活动大陆边缘弧环境,推测嫩江洋至少从晚石炭世早期开始就存在向东南侧松嫩地块之下的俯冲作用。

甘肃省白银市四龙镇-北湾镇耕地区土壤重金属现状及生态风险评价

【研究目的】甘肃省白银地区矿业发达,矿山开采导致土壤重金属污染严重,掌握当地土壤重金属污染及对生态健康风险的影响对生态环境保护具有重要意义。【研究方法】以甘肃省白银地区四龙镇—北湾镇耕地区表层土壤为研究对象,采用单因子指数法、内梅罗综合指数法、地积累指数法和潜在生态危害指数法四种方法对区内表层土壤重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn)污染进行了分析和评价。【研究结果】单因子指数法统计结果显示研究区土壤污染主要为Cd、As的污染,单因子指数PCd显示89.21%的土壤为一等清洁,8.63%为二等轻微污染,0.72%为三等轻度污染,1.44%为四等中度污染。单因子指数P_(As)显示94.24%为土壤为一等清洁,5.04%为二等轻微污染,0.72%四等中度污染。内梅罗综合指数P_(z)介于0.339~2.869,均值为0.603;Pz显示85.61%的土壤为清洁,7.91%为轻微污染,5.04%为轻度污染,1.44%为中度污染。地积累指数法结果显示研究区土壤重金属污染总体处于0~2级,以Cd、Hg、As、Pb污染为主。潜在生态危害指数法结果显示,研究区污染以Cd、Hg污染为主;Cd潜在生态风险最大,10.07%属于中潜在风险,5.04%属于较高潜在风险,1.44%属于很高潜在风险;潜在生态危害综合指数平均值为211.80,表明该地区土壤总体处于中等危害程度。四种方法评价结果总体一致,即研究区以Cd、As、Hg污染为主,应加强监测。【结论】以黄河为界对调查区进行分区研究,结果显示北岸灌淤土区(B区)污染最为严重,与东大沟河交界位置污染程度最高,水体及底泥样品重金属分析结果也证实东大沟河污染也较为明显,进一步证实了研究区北部主要受白银矿山东大沟河流域污染为主,而黄河南岸土壤相对清洁,但也受到不同程度的影响。近些年,随着引黄灌溉及矿山环境治理等措施,土壤污染有所缓解,但土壤中累积的重金属需要长时间的自然降解或迁移,对高风险区仍应加强监测及治理。

甘肃北山红石山地区扫子山组构造变形特征及其动力学背景

甘肃北山地区扫子山组形成于早石炭世,是红石山蛇绿构造混杂岩的重要组成部分,记录并保存了红石山古洋盆形成及演化的地质信息,是讨论红石山地区晚古生代古地理环境及洋盆构造属性的重要窗口。详细的野外地质调查发现,该套地层构造变形强烈,原始层理难以辨识,为研究该套地层的沉积环境增添了难度。基于此,在查明扫子山组物质组成的基础上,通过详细的构造解析,厘定其构造序列,并通过剥离后期构造改造,恢复原始沉积层理。结果表明,扫子山组经历了3期构造变形,第1期为北北西—南南东向逆冲兼左行走滑,可能为洋壳向北俯冲的产物;第2期为北北东—南南西向挤压兼右行走滑脆-韧性变形,可能为碰撞阶段的产物;第3期构造变形以北东—南西向左行走滑为主,为次一级的晚期构造变形。变形样式及变质程度表明,扫子山组以中浅层次构造变形为主,地层未发生明显的倒转和缺失,该套地层物质成分及空间分布具有明显的规律性,显示裂谷型盆地向南趋于成熟的火山-沉积特征。结合红石山-蓬勃山断裂以北发育石炭纪—二叠纪弧岩浆岩,揭示了红石山古洋盆向北俯冲的动力学过程,为进一步研究中亚造山带南缘构造演化过程提供地质依据。

2023年度工程地质领域自然科学基金项目受理与资助分析

对2023年度工程地质领域(涵盖地质学学科下属的工程地质和环境地球科学学科下属的工程地质环境与灾害)的基金申请情况、资助情况、研究队伍等进行详细分析。工程地质领域的基金项目申请数量稳步上升,并以青年基金申请量涨幅最大。近10年的统计数据表明,同行评议专家对申请书的评议尺度稳定。面上项目申请者的年龄结构趋于年轻化,青年科学基金申请者的年龄结构比较合理。工程地质领域在多个不同的项目类型中都获得了资助,表现出较强的竞争力。

苏北盆地溱潼凹陷阜宁组二段页岩油测井评价研究

如何利用常规测井资料对储层含油性、储集性及可压性进行有效评价,是苏北页岩油规模化开发亟需解决的生产难题。利用常规测井资料与岩心实验资料,采用最优化、拟合、正反演数值模拟等数学手段,建立起总有机碳含量、有效孔隙度、层理缝密度、矿物组分含量等参数的计算模型,对页岩沉积构造和岩相进行分类研究。研究表明:溱潼凹陷阜宁组二段(以下简称阜二段)泥页岩以富有机质层状或纹层状泥岩、富有机质块状泥岩为主,有利岩相为富有机质层状或纹层状泥岩,有利岩相纵向上与非有利岩相交互出现。采用文中所导出的模型识别的“甜点”层段与采用特殊测井分析的层段位置具有良好的一致性,且现场应用效果良好。该方法和技术已应用于苏北盆地页岩油储层地质工程“甜点”段的选定工作,对苏北页岩油效益开发具有重要意义。

鄂西鹤峰埃迪卡拉系灯影组叠层石及其生态环境讨论

【研究目的】扬子区鄂中台地埃迪卡拉系灯影组赋存丰富的叠层石,但尚未有报道对其进行系统描述。通过识别台地西南端鹤峰白果坪剖面灯影组中的叠层石种类、分析沉积环境,阐述古环境对叠层石形态分布的控制,为后续开展鄂中台地埃迪卡拉纪的叠层石研究提供参考。【研究方法】通过剖面测量和镜下观察,于白果坪灯影组白云岩中识别出平直纹层、Stratifera层状、微波状纹层三种层状叠层石和一种Baicalia柱状叠层石。【研究结果】研究认为上述的叠层石类型分别对应周期性暴露(前两种类型)、潟湖(微波状)和潮间带—潮下带上部(柱状)的生态位。对比与白果坪剖面灯影组同期叠层石的形态及分布规律,可知形成叠层石的微生物群落强烈受控于古水深等环境条件。层状叠层石生态区间宽,柱状及其他形态叠层石仅见于局限地区,多样性较低。【结论】扬子区碳酸盐岩台地长期稳定的大范围潮坪环境造成的广泛分布浅水生态位和局限分布较深水生态位,是导致灯影组沉积期叠层石多样性低的主要原因。

南祁连党河南山地区拐杖山岩群玄武岩年代学、地球化学及其构造环境

【研究目的】前人在南祁连志留纪巴龙贡噶尔组中解体出新元古代拐杖山岩群,对该群中玄武岩的年龄、成因与成岩构造环境的研究是厘清南祁连地区构造演化的重要手段。【研究方法】本文基于LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和全岩地球化学分析等方法研究拐杖山岩群火山岩的形成年代、地球化学特征及地质意义。【研究结果】锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,玄武岩喷发年龄为(786.6±5.8)Ma,表明拐杖山岩群形成于新元古代早期。岩石地球化学分析结果表明,玄武岩SiO_(2)含量在48.09%~50.97%,高TiO_(2)(1.34%~2.55%),低MgO(5.78%~7.11%),显示亚碱性拉斑玄武岩特征。岩石轻、重稀土分异明显((La/Yb)_(N)=3.76~4.51),无明显Eu异常(δEu=0.80~1.05),大离子亲石元素Ba、Th、U相对富集,Pb强富集,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素。【结论】岩石地球化学特征暗示拐杖山岩群玄武岩是遭受陆壳物质混染的地幔源区玄武岩,该火山岩形成于大陆裂谷环境,响应了全球新元古代Rodinia超大陆裂解事件。