Application of open-pit and underground mining technology for residual coal of end slopes

Given the conditions of residual coal from the boundary of a flat dipping open-pit mine,which uses strip areas mining and inner dumping with slope-covering,we propose an open-pit and underground integrated mining technology for residual coal of end slopes.In the proposal a conveyance road and ventilation conveyance near the slope are built,corresponding to the pit mining area and the surface coal mine dump,as well as an interval haulage tunnel and air-inlet tunnel.The outcome shows that such mining method may reduce the effect to slope stability from underground mining,it does not affect the dumping advance and has a high recovery rate of residual coal resources.The working face is timbered by single hydraulic props,transported by a scraper conveyor and supported by coal walls.This method of mining is one of layered top coal caving,with high resource recovery,low production cost where positive economic benefit can be realized.

Thermal recovery process of a backfilled open-pit in permafrost area at the Gulian strip coal mine in Northeast China

Timely and proper backfilling of open-pits in strip coal-mines has been an effective measurement for the recovery of the hydrothermal regimes and ecological environment in permafrost regions. In this study, numerical simulations and statistical regressions were applied for analyzing the recovery processes of the backfill and its major influencing factors for the thermal equilibrium in recently backfilled open pits at the Gulian strip coalmine in Mo'he, Northeast China. Results show that the thermal recovery time of backfilled areas is positively correlated to the backfill depth(BD) of the soils, the backfilled soil temperature(BST), and the mean annual ground surface temperature(MAGST); meanwhile, climate warming can impact on thermal regimes of the backfill area. The impact of climate warming on ground temperature of the backfill will show up significantly in about 50 years afterbackfilling(BD at 10.0 and 20.0 m, BST at 20.0°C) under the climate warming scenario(CWS) of 0.025°C·year ^(-1). Grey-relation analyses show that the sensitivity of the backfill recovery time declines in the order of the BD, BST and MAGST. On the basis of the abovementioned studies, the layer-by-layer backfilling in cold seasons is advised for more effective and more rapid recovery of thermal regimes of the backfilled open-pits in cold regions.

Stability analysis of rib pillars in highwall mining under dynamic and static loads in open‑pit coal mine

The retained coal in the end slope of an open-pit mine can be mined by the highwall mining techniques.However,the instability mechanism of the reserved rib pillar under dynamic loads of mining haul trucks and static loads of the overlying strata is not clear,which restricts the safe and efcient application of highwall mining.In this study,the load-bearing model of the rib pillar in highwall mining was established,the cusp catastrophe theory and the safety coefcient of the rib pillar were considered,and the criterion equations of the rib pillar stability were proposed.Based on the limit equilibrium theory,the limit stress of the rib pillar was analyzed,and the calculation equations of plastic zone width of the rib pillar in highwall mining were obtained.Based on the Winkler foundation beam theory,the elastic foundation beam model composed of the rib pillar and roof under the highwall mining was established,and the calculation equations for the compression of the rib pillar under dynamic and static loads were developed.The results showed that with the increase of the rib pillar width,the total compression of the rib pillar under dynamic and static loads decreases nonlinearly,and the compression of the rib pillar caused by static loads of the overlying strata and trucks has a decisive role.Numerical simulation and theoretical calculation were also performed in this study.In the numerical simulation,the coal seam with a buried depth of 122 m and a thickness of 3 m is mined by highwall mining techniques.According to the established rib pillar instability model of the highwall mining system,it is found that when the mining opening width is 3 m,the reasonable width of the rib pillar is at least 1.3 m,and the safety factor of the rib pillar is 1.3.The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the results of theoretical calculation,which verifes the feasibility of the theoretical analysis of the rib pillar stability.This research provides a reference for the stability analysis of rib pillars under highwall mining.

元宝山露天煤矿煤层煤质特征及洁净等级划分

为了合理清洁利用元宝山露天煤矿的煤,基于元宝山露天煤矿地质概况、含煤地层特征及煤的物化性质,对矿区煤的煤质特征进行工业分析,确定煤的类型、工业性能和用途,根据最新煤炭资源潜力评价提出的煤炭洁净等级6级划分方案,选取灰分、硫分、有害元素氟、砷等4个评价因子对矿区煤的洁净等级进行初步划分。结果表明:矿区煤的宏观煤岩组分以亮煤和暗煤为主,显微煤岩组分以镜质组为主;矿区煤属低灰、中硫、高挥发分、中发热量型的2号褐煤;矿区主要煤层5煤、6煤洁净等级为Ⅲ~Ⅳ级,属较好~中等洁净煤,总体煤洁净等级为Ⅳ级,属中等洁净煤。由于矿区煤为中发热量、热稳定性较差,且与CO_2化学反应性好、焦油产率较高、中等洁净的煤样,煤炭质量和洁净等级较好,可作为动力用煤、气化用煤和炼油用煤原料,经济价值较大。

连续工艺在元宝山露天煤矿的应用

自元宝山露天煤矿连续工艺系统投入使用10多年以来,逐渐积累了一些生产、检修、管理方面的经验,我矿根据本矿生产实际情况进行了一些技术改造和技术创新,使连续生产工艺系统更适应元宝山露天煤矿的发展要求同时也为其它适合应用连续开采工艺的矿山提供借鉴。

一维炉系统的测试实验

一维炉是一种研究煤的热解燃烧和结渣等方面的实验系统,可用于模拟电厂煤粉的燃烧特性。以元宝山褐煤为燃料,介绍了一维炉的结构和功能,并对系统的可靠性进行了验证,利用烟气分析仪及热重分析仪对燃烧后的尾部烟气及灰渣进行了分析测定。结果表明:尾部烟气含氧量与灰渣可燃部分剩余量均在理论计算值的误差允许范围内,说明一维炉密封良好,系统内各部分正常运行,对维炉的调试和研究具有一定的参考意义。

截水帷幕技术在元宝山露天煤矿的应用与效果评价

内蒙古元宝山露天煤矿是国内外罕见的特大富水型露天煤矿,为解决多年疏干排水造成的生产成本高和环保风险大等问题,拟采用截水帷幕技术对矿坑渗流补给通道进行帷幕截流。通过分析矿坑水文地质和工程地质条件,提出弧形半封闭落底式帷幕与群井疏干水力帷幕相结合的地下水控制方式,采用防渗膜垂向隐蔽叠覆铺设与抗渗混凝土充填工艺,在矿坑高程+452 m平盘开展帷幕试验研究,建造一座平面长度1369 m、平均深度29 m、有效厚度大于0.8 m、底部嵌入基岩面3 m的截水帷幕。试验研究过程中,确定了元宝山露天矿的截水帷幕工艺,获得其单幅槽段开挖长度(14 m)、护壁泥浆密度(1.05~1.25 g/cm^(3))和防渗膜叠覆宽度(1 m)等主要技术参数,提出防渗膜水下磁吸式连接技术,通过加装磁条,利用阴阳磁吸原理实现防渗膜叠覆处的水下自粘连。试验工程结束后,通过取心验证、流场分析和流量变化等方法检验帷幕墙的质量和截水效果。结果表明:混凝土浇筑充填连续、密实;墙体内外水位差已达15 m以上;盲沟补给流量消失,截水效果显著。试验研究证实截水帷幕技术适用于元宝山露天煤矿,为后续工程开展提供了关键技术参数,完善了我国露天煤矿截水帷幕技术体系。

露天煤矿开采侧向帷幕控水原理与截水效果数值分析——以元宝山露天煤矿为例

露天煤矿开采过程中的矿坑疏排水是引起地下水资源流失的重要原因,寻求新的控水方法势在必行。以内蒙古赤峰市元宝山露天煤矿为研究对象,根据研究区水文地质与露天煤矿开发特征,分析了露天开采驱动下帷幕墙体建设对地下水系统控制的基本原理,得出帷幕墙体渗透能力越弱、厚度越大、与补给水体距离越近是帷幕墙减少露天采坑涌水的基本思路。将露天采矿疏排水与地下水系统数值仿真研究结合,对露天煤矿开采与帷幕墙建设对矿坑疏排水强度影响程度进行预测分析,模拟结果显示,采用针对主要涌水段的局部帷幕工程方案,地下水仍然以露天矿采坑为降落漏斗中心,区域流场形态基本未发生重大变化,在未帷幕区段地下水发生了强烈的侧向绕流现象,初期(300 d)矿坑残余涌水量较之现有矿坑排水量最大减幅37.16%,而残余涌水量随时间增大趋势明显。按准全封闭型帷幕方案建墙后,地下水基本未发生绕流现象,矿井残余涌水量为先减小后增大的趋势,最大减幅达85.79%,且后期涌水量增加幅度不大,可见准封闭型帷幕建设方案较之局部帷幕方案对矿坑整体涌水量的减排作用显著。通过分析露天煤矿开采侧向帷幕控水规律,构建帷幕阻水条件下地下水系统仿真模型,评价帷幕截水减排效果,以期为露天矿区煤–水资源协调开发提供科学依据。

Web pillar stability in open‑pit highwall mining

When highwall mining technology is applied to recover large amounts of residual coal left under the highwall of a big openpit mine,a reasonable coal pillar width is required to ensure the stability of the web pillars.Using numerical simulations,this paper studied the characteristics of the abutment stress distribution in the web pillars under different slope angles and mining depths,and established a relation describing the stress distribution in the web pillar.The relationship between the abutment stress and the ultimate strength of the web pillar under different pillar widths was also analyzed.In combination with the failure characteristics of the pillar yield zone,this relationship was used to explore the instability mechanism of web pillars.Finally,the optimal retaining widths of the web pillars were determined.Based on the modeling results,a mechanical bearing model of the web pillar was established and a cusp catastrophe model of pillar-overburden was constructed.Additionally,the web pillar instability criterion was derived.By analyzing the ultimate strength of the web pillars,a formula for calculating the yield zone width either side of the pillars was established.Using the instability criterion of web pillars in highwall mining,a reasonable pillar width can be deduced theoretically,providing significant guidance on the application of highwall mining technology.