Methods of participatory rural appraisal and mathematical statistics were adopted to study livelihood diversification, livelihood strategy and farmland use of the four types of farmers in Xinping County of Yuanjiang d...Methods of participatory rural appraisal and mathematical statistics were adopted to study livelihood diversification, livelihood strategy and farmland use of the four types of farmers in Xinping County of Yuanjiang dry-hot valley with field survey data. The results showed as follows： firstly, as farmers are transforming from pure agriculture to non-agriculture, their agricultural livelihood diversification index will decrease, while non-agricultural livelihood diversification index will increase. In term of livelihood activities, pure agricultural farmers are exclusively engaged in agricultural activities, agricultural-dominant and non-agricultural-dominant farmers are engaged in both agricultural and non-agricultural ones, while non-agricultural farmers are basically engaged in off-farm activities. Secondly, as for crops planted, pure agricultural and agricultural-dominant farmers tend to choose those crops with more investment,shorter growth period and higher value, meanwhile non-agricultural-dominant farmers tend to choose crops with less investment, simpler management and longer growth period. Thirdly, to cope with current problems in farming, pure agricultural farmers will adopt measures such as changing planting structure, maintaining or expanding planting scale, increasing planting investment and renting in more land to promote the development of farming; agriculture-dominant farmers will adopt measures such as changing planting structure, reducing planting scale, maintaining planting investment, renting in and taking back the leased land as well as engaging in non-agricultural activities to overcome the difficulties faced; while non-agricultural-dominant farmers will adopt measures such as reducing both planting scale and investment,changing planting structure and engaging in farmland transfer as well as various offfarm activities to avoid livelihood risks.展开更多
Under the analytical framework of sustainable livelihoods,we establish the evaluation indicator system for farmers' livelihood capital,to evaluate the current livelihood capital and livelihood diversification for ...Under the analytical framework of sustainable livelihoods,we establish the evaluation indicator system for farmers' livelihood capital,to evaluate the current livelihood capital and livelihood diversification for different farmers in the Dai nationality region of Xinping County in the Yuanjiang dry-hot river valley area,and discuss the relationship between livelihood capital and livelihood diversification. Studies have shown that the mode dominated by agriculture,supplemented by non-agricultural activities,combined with breeding,is the commonly used livelihood strategy for farmers in this region. As farmers change from pure agriculture to non-agriculture,their total livelihood capital and nonagricultural livelihood diversification index will increase,while agricultural livelihood diversification index will decrease. In the meantime,their livelihood activities gradually shift from agricultural to non-agricultural ones,which is mainly reflected in the combination of both agricultural and non-agricultural activities. Regression analysis on livelihood capital and livelihood diversification shows that natural and physical capital is the basis of realizing agricultural livelihood diversification. Farmers with rich natural and physical capital will prefer agricultural livelihood strategies. While financial and human capital is the driving force for farmers' transition from pure agriculture to non-agriculture.展开更多
Low-carbon village is a new eco-development model in the context of low-carbon economy,the inevitable trend for achieving coordinated development between man and nature,and the inevitable choice for achieving sustaina...Low-carbon village is a new eco-development model in the context of low-carbon economy,the inevitable trend for achieving coordinated development between man and nature,and the inevitable choice for achieving sustainable development.This paper has built a low-carbon village evaluation system with 3 levels and 20 indicators.On this basis,taking Yuanjiang County as empirical research object,we use distance function model method to analyze and evaluate the low carbonization of village in Yuanjiang County,in order to provide a reference for the lowcarbon village evaluation.展开更多
以2年生三叶漆(T erm inth ia p an icu la ta)幼苗为实验材料,研究了生长于全自然光和遮荫条件(光强相当于自然光强的50%)下幼苗的光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数对不同土壤水分条件的响应,探讨了其对干旱和强光胁迫的生理适应机制.结果表明...以2年生三叶漆(T erm inth ia p an icu la ta)幼苗为实验材料,研究了生长于全自然光和遮荫条件(光强相当于自然光强的50%)下幼苗的光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数对不同土壤水分条件的响应,探讨了其对干旱和强光胁迫的生理适应机制.结果表明,叶片相对含水量(RW C)、叶水势(Ψ)、最大光合速率(Pm ax)、表观量子效率(AQY)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)和光合色素含量都随干旱胁迫的加剧而下降.Pm ax、AQY、Rd和比叶重(LM A)随光强的增加而升高,色素含量则随光强升高而降低.Ch la/b、C ar/Ch l随干旱程度和光强的增加有升高的趋势.PSⅡ的最大光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)和光化学量子效率(ФPSⅡ)在日间光较强时明显降低,说明发生了光抑制.电子传递速率(ETR)和非光化学猝灭系数(N PQ)随日间光强的增大而升高,表明三叶漆可能通过增强光呼吸和热耗散抵御光抑制、保护光合机构.二元方差分析表明,水分和光强具有明显的交互作用.全自然光下严重干旱的幼苗仍有较高的Pm ax(9.65μm o l.m-2.-s 1),说明三叶漆对干旱和强光具有极强的适应能力,这也是其成为干热河谷植被优势种的重要原因.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Social Science Foundation(13BMZ059)the Training Program for Young and Middle-aged Backbone Teachers of Yunnan University(XT412003)~~
文摘Methods of participatory rural appraisal and mathematical statistics were adopted to study livelihood diversification, livelihood strategy and farmland use of the four types of farmers in Xinping County of Yuanjiang dry-hot valley with field survey data. The results showed as follows： firstly, as farmers are transforming from pure agriculture to non-agriculture, their agricultural livelihood diversification index will decrease, while non-agricultural livelihood diversification index will increase. In term of livelihood activities, pure agricultural farmers are exclusively engaged in agricultural activities, agricultural-dominant and non-agricultural-dominant farmers are engaged in both agricultural and non-agricultural ones, while non-agricultural farmers are basically engaged in off-farm activities. Secondly, as for crops planted, pure agricultural and agricultural-dominant farmers tend to choose those crops with more investment,shorter growth period and higher value, meanwhile non-agricultural-dominant farmers tend to choose crops with less investment, simpler management and longer growth period. Thirdly, to cope with current problems in farming, pure agricultural farmers will adopt measures such as changing planting structure, maintaining or expanding planting scale, increasing planting investment and renting in more land to promote the development of farming; agriculture-dominant farmers will adopt measures such as changing planting structure, reducing planting scale, maintaining planting investment, renting in and taking back the leased land as well as engaging in non-agricultural activities to overcome the difficulties faced; while non-agricultural-dominant farmers will adopt measures such as reducing both planting scale and investment,changing planting structure and engaging in farmland transfer as well as various offfarm activities to avoid livelihood risks.
基金Supported by National Social Science Foundation(13BMZ059)Young Teacher Training Program in Yunnan University(XT412003)
文摘Under the analytical framework of sustainable livelihoods,we establish the evaluation indicator system for farmers' livelihood capital,to evaluate the current livelihood capital and livelihood diversification for different farmers in the Dai nationality region of Xinping County in the Yuanjiang dry-hot river valley area,and discuss the relationship between livelihood capital and livelihood diversification. Studies have shown that the mode dominated by agriculture,supplemented by non-agricultural activities,combined with breeding,is the commonly used livelihood strategy for farmers in this region. As farmers change from pure agriculture to non-agriculture,their total livelihood capital and nonagricultural livelihood diversification index will increase,while agricultural livelihood diversification index will decrease. In the meantime,their livelihood activities gradually shift from agricultural to non-agricultural ones,which is mainly reflected in the combination of both agricultural and non-agricultural activities. Regression analysis on livelihood capital and livelihood diversification shows that natural and physical capital is the basis of realizing agricultural livelihood diversification. Farmers with rich natural and physical capital will prefer agricultural livelihood strategies. While financial and human capital is the driving force for farmers' transition from pure agriculture to non-agriculture.
基金Humanities and Social Science Fund Project,the Ministry of Education(10XJA88003)Fund Project of Ethnic Affairs Commission of Yunnan Province(2012-B)
文摘Low-carbon village is a new eco-development model in the context of low-carbon economy,the inevitable trend for achieving coordinated development between man and nature,and the inevitable choice for achieving sustainable development.This paper has built a low-carbon village evaluation system with 3 levels and 20 indicators.On this basis,taking Yuanjiang County as empirical research object,we use distance function model method to analyze and evaluate the low carbonization of village in Yuanjiang County,in order to provide a reference for the lowcarbon village evaluation.
文摘以2年生三叶漆(T erm inth ia p an icu la ta)幼苗为实验材料,研究了生长于全自然光和遮荫条件(光强相当于自然光强的50%)下幼苗的光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数对不同土壤水分条件的响应,探讨了其对干旱和强光胁迫的生理适应机制.结果表明,叶片相对含水量(RW C)、叶水势(Ψ)、最大光合速率(Pm ax)、表观量子效率(AQY)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)和光合色素含量都随干旱胁迫的加剧而下降.Pm ax、AQY、Rd和比叶重(LM A)随光强的增加而升高,色素含量则随光强升高而降低.Ch la/b、C ar/Ch l随干旱程度和光强的增加有升高的趋势.PSⅡ的最大光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)和光化学量子效率(ФPSⅡ)在日间光较强时明显降低,说明发生了光抑制.电子传递速率(ETR)和非光化学猝灭系数(N PQ)随日间光强的增大而升高,表明三叶漆可能通过增强光呼吸和热耗散抵御光抑制、保护光合机构.二元方差分析表明,水分和光强具有明显的交互作用.全自然光下严重干旱的幼苗仍有较高的Pm ax(9.65μm o l.m-2.-s 1),说明三叶漆对干旱和强光具有极强的适应能力,这也是其成为干热河谷植被优势种的重要原因.
