害虫识别是害虫防治的关键基础,由于较难获得足够的害虫种类图像,如何使用少量标记图像构造害虫分类器是一个富有挑战性的问题。现有研究多采用匹配网络框架来解决这个问题,该框架使用元学习避免重新训练深度网络,然而主干网络的特征提...害虫识别是害虫防治的关键基础,由于较难获得足够的害虫种类图像,如何使用少量标记图像构造害虫分类器是一个富有挑战性的问题。现有研究多采用匹配网络框架来解决这个问题,该框架使用元学习避免重新训练深度网络,然而主干网络的特征提取能力有限,元学习算法没有提供较好的权重初始化策略,可能导致网络出现梯度消失或者梯度爆炸的情况。为了解决这一问题,该研究提出一种基于空间注意力增强ResNeSt-101和迁移元学习算法的小样本害虫分类器。首先,通过一个空间注意力模块增强ResNeSt-101以更好地提取害虫图像特征,即在ResNeSt-101的第1阶段的最大池化层之前以及在第2~4阶段的末尾分别附加集成空间注意力模块,并通过数值仿真确定空间注意力增强模块的最佳放置位置为第1阶段的最大池化层之前。随后,通过迁移学习策略初始化网络权重,进而通过元学习进行优化。为了避免网络出现梯度消失或者梯度爆炸的情况,在元学习算法中选择归一化的温度缩放交叉熵损失函数代替三元组损失函数。最后,通过计算查询图像和支持图像深度特征之间的相似度实现害虫分类。所提出方法在自建的害虫图像数据集AD0和MIP50上使用N-类K-例准确率和每张图像处理时间(the time of per image processing,TPIP)进行评估。害虫图像数据集的构建方式如下:首先对公共害虫图像数据集IP102和D0进行清洗,以消除由于英文害虫名称导致的歧义类别;然后移除卵、幼虫和蛹阶段的害虫图像,仅保留成虫阶段的图像。考虑到人工和时间成本,从清理后的IP102害虫数据集中选择50个类别构建MIP50害虫图像数据集。随后,通过害虫的拉丁名称从互联网搜索更多的害虫图像,生成AD0害虫图像数据集。自建的MIP50数据集包括来自IP102的50个类别的16424张成虫图像,AD0包含来自D0的所有40个类别的17112张成虫图像。试验结果表明,当测试集中只有少数未知类别的害虫图像时,本文方法在AD0数据集上的5-类10-例评估准确率达到了96.37%,在MIP50数据集上达到了76.91%。当测试集中同时存在几个未知和已知类别的害虫图像时,所提方法在AD0数据集上的5-类10-例设置下的识别准确率达到了93.73%,在MIP50数据集上达到90.60%。同时,本文方法的TPIP大约为0.44 ms,满足大多数场景下的实时害虫识别要求。此外,消融试验结果表明,基于空间注意力增强ResNeSt-101网络和迁移元学习的小样本害虫分类方法在AD0、MIP50数据集上对未知类别害虫图像的5-类10-例的识别准确率分别提升了5和3个百分点以上,具有良好应用前景。但未来研究中还需进一步研究本方法中存在的问题,如通过采用更好地表征支持集样本与查询集样本之间复杂关系的度量优化本工作中用到的度量以解决增加类别数可能导致分类准确率降低的问题,以及将所提方法应用于现实农业场景进行优化改进以更好提升本文方法的实用性。展开更多
A novel micro fused-casting(MFC)process is developed for semisolid aluminum alloy slurry.The microstructure evolution and properties of semisolid ZL101 aluminum alloy slurry with difierent pouring temperature by MFC a...A novel micro fused-casting(MFC)process is developed for semisolid aluminum alloy slurry.The microstructure evolution and properties of semisolid ZL101 aluminum alloy slurry with difierent pouring temperature by MFC are investigated in this paper.During the cooling process,the effects of the pouring temperature on microstructure and properties is primarily analyzed.The microstructure of the semisolid ZL101 aluminum alloy is more homogeneous and the grain is smaller under proper pouring temperature.Temperature of liquids and solids of ZL101 aluminum alloy is measured by difierential scanning calorimetry(DSC).Distribution and characteristics of the microstructure of samples are examined by optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS).The results show that the ZL101 semisolid slurry fabricated by MFC presents uniform shape and good grain size under the pouring temperature of 594°C and the stirring velocity of 600 r/min,and the fine grains of the primary a-Al phase with average grain size of 55μm and shape factor up to 0.67 were obtained.Besides,the ultimate tensile strength and the average Vickers hardness for semisolid ZL101 aluminum slurry are 178.19±1.37 MPa and 86.15±1.16 HV,respectively.展开更多
MIL-101(Cr)is a promising moisture absorbent for solar-driven water harvesting from moisture to tackle the worldwide water shortage issue.However,the MIL-101(Cr)powder suffers from a long ab/desorption cycle due to th...MIL-101(Cr)is a promising moisture absorbent for solar-driven water harvesting from moisture to tackle the worldwide water shortage issue.However,the MIL-101(Cr)powder suffers from a long ab/desorption cycle due to the crystal aggregation caused by its inherent powder properties.Here,we demonstrate a MIL-101(Cr)nanofibrous composite membrane with a nanofibrous matrix where MIL-101(Cr)is monodisperse in the 3D porous nanofibrous matrix through a simple spray-electrospinning strategy.The continuous porous nanofibrous matrix not only offers sufficient sites for MIL-101(Cr)loading but also provides rapid moisture transport channels,resulting in a super-rapid ab/desorption duration of 50 min(including an absorption process for 40 min and a desorption process for 10 min)and multicycle daily water production of 15.9 L kg^(−1) d^(−1).Besides,the MIL-101(Cr)nanofibrous composite membrane establishes a high solar absorption of 92.8%,and excellent photothermal conversion with the surface temperature of 70.7°C under one-sun irradiation.In addition,the MIL-101(Cr)nanofibrous composite membrane shows excellent potential for practical application due to its flexibility,portability,and use stability.This work provides a new perspective of shortening MOF ab/desorption duration by introducing a porous nanofibrous matrix to improve the specific water production for the solar-driven ab/desorption water harvesting technique.展开更多
基金National Science Foundation of China(62172165)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province under Grant(2021B1212040009)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2022A1515010325)Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Project(202201010742)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(202206010116,201902010081,107126242281)。
文摘害虫识别是害虫防治的关键基础,由于较难获得足够的害虫种类图像,如何使用少量标记图像构造害虫分类器是一个富有挑战性的问题。现有研究多采用匹配网络框架来解决这个问题,该框架使用元学习避免重新训练深度网络,然而主干网络的特征提取能力有限,元学习算法没有提供较好的权重初始化策略,可能导致网络出现梯度消失或者梯度爆炸的情况。为了解决这一问题,该研究提出一种基于空间注意力增强ResNeSt-101和迁移元学习算法的小样本害虫分类器。首先,通过一个空间注意力模块增强ResNeSt-101以更好地提取害虫图像特征,即在ResNeSt-101的第1阶段的最大池化层之前以及在第2~4阶段的末尾分别附加集成空间注意力模块,并通过数值仿真确定空间注意力增强模块的最佳放置位置为第1阶段的最大池化层之前。随后,通过迁移学习策略初始化网络权重,进而通过元学习进行优化。为了避免网络出现梯度消失或者梯度爆炸的情况,在元学习算法中选择归一化的温度缩放交叉熵损失函数代替三元组损失函数。最后,通过计算查询图像和支持图像深度特征之间的相似度实现害虫分类。所提出方法在自建的害虫图像数据集AD0和MIP50上使用N-类K-例准确率和每张图像处理时间(the time of per image processing,TPIP)进行评估。害虫图像数据集的构建方式如下:首先对公共害虫图像数据集IP102和D0进行清洗,以消除由于英文害虫名称导致的歧义类别;然后移除卵、幼虫和蛹阶段的害虫图像,仅保留成虫阶段的图像。考虑到人工和时间成本,从清理后的IP102害虫数据集中选择50个类别构建MIP50害虫图像数据集。随后,通过害虫的拉丁名称从互联网搜索更多的害虫图像,生成AD0害虫图像数据集。自建的MIP50数据集包括来自IP102的50个类别的16424张成虫图像,AD0包含来自D0的所有40个类别的17112张成虫图像。试验结果表明,当测试集中只有少数未知类别的害虫图像时,本文方法在AD0数据集上的5-类10-例评估准确率达到了96.37%,在MIP50数据集上达到了76.91%。当测试集中同时存在几个未知和已知类别的害虫图像时,所提方法在AD0数据集上的5-类10-例设置下的识别准确率达到了93.73%,在MIP50数据集上达到90.60%。同时,本文方法的TPIP大约为0.44 ms,满足大多数场景下的实时害虫识别要求。此外,消融试验结果表明,基于空间注意力增强ResNeSt-101网络和迁移元学习的小样本害虫分类方法在AD0、MIP50数据集上对未知类别害虫图像的5-类10-例的识别准确率分别提升了5和3个百分点以上,具有良好应用前景。但未来研究中还需进一步研究本方法中存在的问题,如通过采用更好地表征支持集样本与查询集样本之间复杂关系的度量优化本工作中用到的度量以解决增加类别数可能导致分类准确率降低的问题,以及将所提方法应用于现实农业场景进行优化改进以更好提升本文方法的实用性。
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51341009)。
文摘A novel micro fused-casting(MFC)process is developed for semisolid aluminum alloy slurry.The microstructure evolution and properties of semisolid ZL101 aluminum alloy slurry with difierent pouring temperature by MFC are investigated in this paper.During the cooling process,the effects of the pouring temperature on microstructure and properties is primarily analyzed.The microstructure of the semisolid ZL101 aluminum alloy is more homogeneous and the grain is smaller under proper pouring temperature.Temperature of liquids and solids of ZL101 aluminum alloy is measured by difierential scanning calorimetry(DSC).Distribution and characteristics of the microstructure of samples are examined by optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS).The results show that the ZL101 semisolid slurry fabricated by MFC presents uniform shape and good grain size under the pouring temperature of 594°C and the stirring velocity of 600 r/min,and the fine grains of the primary a-Al phase with average grain size of 55μm and shape factor up to 0.67 were obtained.Besides,the ultimate tensile strength and the average Vickers hardness for semisolid ZL101 aluminum slurry are 178.19±1.37 MPa and 86.15±1.16 HV,respectively.
基金This work was partly supported by the Funda-mental Research Funds for the Central Universi-ties (2232020D-15,2232020A-08,2232020G-01,2232020D-14,and 2232019D3-11)grants (51773037,51973027,51803023,52003044,and 61771123)from the National Natural Science Foundation of China+3 种基金This work has also been supported by the Chang Jiang Scholars Program and the Innovation Program of Shanghai Munici-pal Education Commission (2019-01-07-00-03-E00023)to Prof.Xiaohong Qinthe Shanghai Sailing Program (19YF1400700)the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstruc-ture (SKL201906SIC)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST and DHU Distin-guished Young Professor Program to Prof.Liming Wang.
文摘MIL-101(Cr)is a promising moisture absorbent for solar-driven water harvesting from moisture to tackle the worldwide water shortage issue.However,the MIL-101(Cr)powder suffers from a long ab/desorption cycle due to the crystal aggregation caused by its inherent powder properties.Here,we demonstrate a MIL-101(Cr)nanofibrous composite membrane with a nanofibrous matrix where MIL-101(Cr)is monodisperse in the 3D porous nanofibrous matrix through a simple spray-electrospinning strategy.The continuous porous nanofibrous matrix not only offers sufficient sites for MIL-101(Cr)loading but also provides rapid moisture transport channels,resulting in a super-rapid ab/desorption duration of 50 min(including an absorption process for 40 min and a desorption process for 10 min)and multicycle daily water production of 15.9 L kg^(−1) d^(−1).Besides,the MIL-101(Cr)nanofibrous composite membrane establishes a high solar absorption of 92.8%,and excellent photothermal conversion with the surface temperature of 70.7°C under one-sun irradiation.In addition,the MIL-101(Cr)nanofibrous composite membrane shows excellent potential for practical application due to its flexibility,portability,and use stability.This work provides a new perspective of shortening MOF ab/desorption duration by introducing a porous nanofibrous matrix to improve the specific water production for the solar-driven ab/desorption water harvesting technique.
