"Yu Xue Fen Cun" records during the Qing Dynasty are used to identify the starting and ending dates of Meiyu at the period of 1736―1911. These results, along with the instrumental meteorological records, ar..."Yu Xue Fen Cun" records during the Qing Dynasty are used to identify the starting and ending dates of Meiyu at the period of 1736―1911. These results, along with the instrumental meteorological records, are used to reconstruct the series of length and precipitation of Meiyu during 1736―2000 over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The characteristics of Meiyu are analyzed since 1736. Moreover, the strength of East Asian Summer Monsoon and locations of rainband are discussed, based on the relationship between the length of Meiyu and the Index of East Asian Summer Monsoon. It is found that the starting and ending dates and the length of Meiyu have significant interannual and in-terdecadal variations. Apart from 7―8 years, 20―30 years and 40 years cycles for the lengths of Meiyu, the centennial oscillation is also presented. The length of Meiyu, monsoon rainband movement over eastern China, and the strength of East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) have a very good correlation, which can be expressed in the following: during the periods of 1736―1770, 1821―1870 and 1921―1970, the EASM was stronger, and the monsoon rainband was located in North China and South China easily, corresponding to the decreased length of Meiyu. Whereas during the periods of 1771―1820, 1871―1920 and 1971―2000, the EASM was weaker and monsoon rainband usually stopped at the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, corresponding to the increased length of Meiyu.展开更多
【目的】对汾河运城段非点源污染进行模拟与分析,为该流域非点源污染控制提供依据。【方法】构建汾河运城段的非点源污染SWAT(Soil and water assessment tool)模型,根据河津水文站2005-2010年的实测逐月径流、泥沙和水质数据对模型进...【目的】对汾河运城段非点源污染进行模拟与分析,为该流域非点源污染控制提供依据。【方法】构建汾河运城段的非点源污染SWAT(Soil and water assessment tool)模型,根据河津水文站2005-2010年的实测逐月径流、泥沙和水质数据对模型进行率定和验证,并利用率定好的模型对研究区域的非点源污染进行模拟研究与分析。【结果】建立了包括土壤侵蚀、水文过程和污染负荷子模型的汾河运城段非点源污染模型,该模型对研究区域的适应性较好,可用于流域非点源污染的模拟研究;对非点源污染负荷时间分布规律的分析表明,研究区域各水文年的非点源污染负荷为丰水年>平水年>枯水年,而且发生在汛期(7-10月)的TN、TP流失量分别在60%和70%以上;对非点源污染空间分布特征的分析发现,研究区域内污染的关键区域主要为万荣与新绛县部分子流域,该部分区域降雨量、土壤侵蚀性均较大,并且坡度也相较其他区域大,因而产沙量相对较大,再加上农业活动的影响最终导致非点源污染相对较大,由此可见控制非点源负荷产出的关键在于减少流域的水土流失;对研究区域内TN、TP各类污染源贡献率进行分析可知,研究区域的非点源TN、TP负荷中分别有46.3%和53.5%为土壤养分流失所产生。【结论】汾河运城段非点源污染的控制重点在汛期(7-10月),采取相应措施减少水土流失、降低土壤养分流失、减少农业用肥量可以有效地控制研究区域的非点源污染。展开更多
基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX2-YW-315-2)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40331013 and 40625002)Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. 066U0105SZ)
文摘"Yu Xue Fen Cun" records during the Qing Dynasty are used to identify the starting and ending dates of Meiyu at the period of 1736―1911. These results, along with the instrumental meteorological records, are used to reconstruct the series of length and precipitation of Meiyu during 1736―2000 over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The characteristics of Meiyu are analyzed since 1736. Moreover, the strength of East Asian Summer Monsoon and locations of rainband are discussed, based on the relationship between the length of Meiyu and the Index of East Asian Summer Monsoon. It is found that the starting and ending dates and the length of Meiyu have significant interannual and in-terdecadal variations. Apart from 7―8 years, 20―30 years and 40 years cycles for the lengths of Meiyu, the centennial oscillation is also presented. The length of Meiyu, monsoon rainband movement over eastern China, and the strength of East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) have a very good correlation, which can be expressed in the following: during the periods of 1736―1770, 1821―1870 and 1921―1970, the EASM was stronger, and the monsoon rainband was located in North China and South China easily, corresponding to the decreased length of Meiyu. Whereas during the periods of 1771―1820, 1871―1920 and 1971―2000, the EASM was weaker and monsoon rainband usually stopped at the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, corresponding to the increased length of Meiyu.
文摘【目的】对汾河运城段非点源污染进行模拟与分析,为该流域非点源污染控制提供依据。【方法】构建汾河运城段的非点源污染SWAT(Soil and water assessment tool)模型,根据河津水文站2005-2010年的实测逐月径流、泥沙和水质数据对模型进行率定和验证,并利用率定好的模型对研究区域的非点源污染进行模拟研究与分析。【结果】建立了包括土壤侵蚀、水文过程和污染负荷子模型的汾河运城段非点源污染模型,该模型对研究区域的适应性较好,可用于流域非点源污染的模拟研究;对非点源污染负荷时间分布规律的分析表明,研究区域各水文年的非点源污染负荷为丰水年>平水年>枯水年,而且发生在汛期(7-10月)的TN、TP流失量分别在60%和70%以上;对非点源污染空间分布特征的分析发现,研究区域内污染的关键区域主要为万荣与新绛县部分子流域,该部分区域降雨量、土壤侵蚀性均较大,并且坡度也相较其他区域大,因而产沙量相对较大,再加上农业活动的影响最终导致非点源污染相对较大,由此可见控制非点源负荷产出的关键在于减少流域的水土流失;对研究区域内TN、TP各类污染源贡献率进行分析可知,研究区域的非点源TN、TP负荷中分别有46.3%和53.5%为土壤养分流失所产生。【结论】汾河运城段非点源污染的控制重点在汛期(7-10月),采取相应措施减少水土流失、降低土壤养分流失、减少农业用肥量可以有效地控制研究区域的非点源污染。
