Based on the local climate zoning theory and the observation data of hourly temperature of 22 automatic weather stations from 2012 to 2021, K-means clustering algorithm was used to analyze the daily, monthly, seasonal...Based on the local climate zoning theory and the observation data of hourly temperature of 22 automatic weather stations from 2012 to 2021, K-means clustering algorithm was used to analyze the daily, monthly, seasonal, annual and spatial variation characteristics of urban heat island effect in Weihai City in the past 10 years. The results showed that in recent 10 years, the average urban heat island intensity was 1.24 ℃, showing a gradual weakening trend of -0.169 3 ℃/10 a;the summer average heat island intensity was 0.86 ℃, showing a gradual weakening trend of -0.047 5 ℃/10 a. The heat island intensity had obvious diurnal variation characteristics, that is, "it was weak in the day and strong at night". In terms of seasonal variation, heat island effect was the weakest in summer, stronger in spring and autumn, and the strongest in winter. The diurnal, seasonal and annual changes of heat island intensity showed a reverse trend to those of temperature. The high-value area of urban heat island was highly consistent with human residential activity areas and industrial and commercial intensive areas, and the extension trend of heat island intensity was the same as the direction of urban development and construction. The "cold island phenomenon" in some offshore areas was related to the geographical location, terrain and the southeast monsoon trend in summer. The adverse effects of urban heat island effect can be reduced by optimizing the types and distribution of vegetation communities, rationally planning and constructing urban water body, promoting green building materials and adjusting shape design, etc.展开更多
The accelerating urbanization process and intensifying climate change have exacerbated the urban heat island effect, threatening sustainable urban development. This study investigates the role of green infrastructure ...The accelerating urbanization process and intensifying climate change have exacerbated the urban heat island effect, threatening sustainable urban development. This study investigates the role of green infrastructure in mitigating urban heat island effects, its implementation challenges, and applications. Employing a system dynamics approach, the research models the relationships between green infrastructure, urban microclimate, and human well-being. Findings indicate that large, continuous green spaces, such as urban parks and green corridors, are most effective, potentially reducing surrounding temperatures by 1˚C - 4˚C. Green infrastructure also provides multiple ecosystem services, including improved air quality and increased biodiversity. However, its implementation faces challenges such as land resource limitations and financial constraints. To address these issues, the study proposes a performance-based planning method, emphasizing multifunctional design and cross-sectoral collaboration. Through analysis of international and Chinese urban case studies, best practices and lessons learned are summarized. The research demonstrates that successful strategies must be context-specific, integrating local conditions while emphasizing long-term planning and continuous optimization. This study provides a scientific basis for developing effective heat island mitigation strategies and climate adaptation plans, ultimately achieving sustainable urban development and improved living environments.展开更多
This paper sets out the preliminary results of an experimental research plan aimed at analysing the thermal processes inherent to the urbanisation effect. Although this effect is undeniable, the extent of its impact i...This paper sets out the preliminary results of an experimental research plan aimed at analysing the thermal processes inherent to the urbanisation effect. Although this effect is undeniable, the extent of its impact is a matter of controversy. The results obtained in this study show both the nature of the phenomenon and its considerable magnitude. Failure to take this process into account might seriously bias any analysis of thermal evolution, the cornerstone of the climate change hypothesis.展开更多
The Regional Climate Model(RegCM)proves valuable for climate analysis and has been applied to a wide range of climate change aspects and other environmental issues at a regional scale.The model also demonstrated succe...The Regional Climate Model(RegCM)proves valuable for climate analysis and has been applied to a wide range of climate change aspects and other environmental issues at a regional scale.The model also demonstrated success in diverse areas of urban research,including urban heat island studies,extreme climate events analysis,assessing urban resilience,and evaluating urbanization impacts on climate and air quality.Recently,more studies have been conducted in utilizing RegCM to address climate change in cities,due to its enhanced ability over the years to capture meteorological phenomena at city scales.However,there are many challenges associated with its implementation in meso-scale research,which are attributed to various shortcomings and thus create room for further improvement in the model.This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the evolution of the RegCM over the years and its customisation across various parameters,demonstrating its versatility in urban climate studies and underscoring the model’s pivotal role in addressing multifaceted challenges in urban environments.By addressing these aspects,the paper offers valuable insights and recommendations for researchers seeking to enhance the accuracy and efficacy of urban climate simulations using the RegCM system,thereby contributing to the advancement of urban climate science and sustainability.展开更多
植被是生态环境变化的指示器,分析植被物候的时空变化特征及其影响因素对分析陆地生态系统的碳、水和能量平衡具有重要意义。该文利用MOD13Q1 EVI数据集,采用D-L拟合法和动态阈值法提取了北京市2001—2020年植被生长季开始期(start of s...植被是生态环境变化的指示器,分析植被物候的时空变化特征及其影响因素对分析陆地生态系统的碳、水和能量平衡具有重要意义。该文利用MOD13Q1 EVI数据集,采用D-L拟合法和动态阈值法提取了北京市2001—2020年植被生长季开始期(start of season,SOS)、植被生长季长度(growing season length,GSL)和植被生长季结束期(end of season,EOS)。通过构建城乡梯度带,分析了北京市城乡区域植被物候的时空变化特征。利用回归分析和趋势分析方法探讨了植被物候参数对气温、降水、日照、风速等气候因子以及城市热岛强度和城市化影响因子的响应。研究表明:2001—2020年间北京市植被物候呈现出SOS提前、GSL延长和EOS推迟的趋势。林地和灌木的SOS比草地早,EOS较草地晚,说明木本植物生长季开始期早,结束期晚。通过分析气候因子与物候之间的关系发现气温、降水、日照和风速都对北京市植被物候有一定的影响,其中SOS对日照的变化最为敏感,EOS对风速的变化最为敏感。植被物候沿城区—郊区—农村方向呈现明显的梯度变化,城区SOS比农村平均提前12.2 d、EOS平均推迟18.9 d。城市夜晚热岛强度与SOS在城乡梯度带上具有显著相关性(p<0.01),SOS,GSL和EOS与人口密度、城市建成区面积、地均GDP均存在显著相关关系(p<0.01),说明城市化发展对北京市SOS提前、GSL延长和EOS推迟具有重要作用。展开更多
以山东和福建为研究区,基于气象站气候观测数据及ERA5-land再分析数据,采用变化趋势分析、观测减再分析(Observation Minus Reanalysis,OMR)和对比分析等方法,在区域尺度上探讨不同气候背景下城市化引起的局地升温差异。结果表明,1987—...以山东和福建为研究区,基于气象站气候观测数据及ERA5-land再分析数据,采用变化趋势分析、观测减再分析(Observation Minus Reanalysis,OMR)和对比分析等方法,在区域尺度上探讨不同气候背景下城市化引起的局地升温差异。结果表明,1987—2017年山东省台站年平均气温平均变化率略高于福建省,分别为0.38℃·(10a)^(-1)和0.33℃·(10a)^(-1),但两省各季节气温变化趋势存在很大差异。城市化对山东省年和各季节T_(mean)变化的影响均大于福建省,北方相对干旱且较长的日照时间更利于城市热岛形成,这是导致上述差异的重要原因。此外,城市化对两省秋、冬季节T_(mean)变化的影响较春、夏季节更大,这与秋、冬季节相对干旱且静稳的气候特征有关。山东省城市化升温幅度的季节性差异较福建省大,可能与北方地区季节气候波动更大有关。展开更多
为研究城市形态和地表性质对城市地表热岛效应的影响,以西安市为例,基于Landsat8遥感影像和建筑矢量数据,采用局地气候分类(Local climate zone,LCZ)方法,对主城区进行LCZ划分.通过Landsat8遥感影像反演夏季地表温度,研究不同类型LCZ内...为研究城市形态和地表性质对城市地表热岛效应的影响,以西安市为例,基于Landsat8遥感影像和建筑矢量数据,采用局地气候分类(Local climate zone,LCZ)方法,对主城区进行LCZ划分.通过Landsat8遥感影像反演夏季地表温度,研究不同类型LCZ内地表温度的分布特征,同时选取14个地块分析地表热岛强度,通过计算建成区LCZ的城市形态参数分析城市形态对地表热岛效应的影响,采用的参数包括:建筑密度(Building surface fraction,BSF)、绿地率(Ratio of green space,GSP)以及下垫面粗糙度(Height of roughness elements,HRE).结果表明:建成区LCZ地表温度整体高于地表性质LCZ,但温度变化更稳定;建成区LCZ内,高密度的建筑区域地表温度高于低密度区域;地表性质LCZ内,水体温度最低,3种植被型LCZ地表温度低于其余两类LCZ,裸地温度最高;建成区LCZ地块内,高密度的高层建筑和较高的绿化率能够降低地表温度,缓解地表热岛强度;地表性质LCZ地块中水体和林地的地表热岛强度较低.在城市规划中合理的增加水体和绿化的布置,降低建筑密度同时在室外人流密集的区域设置遮阳设施将有利于缓解地表热岛效应.展开更多
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Research Project of Shandong Meteorological Bureau(2022SDQN17).
文摘Based on the local climate zoning theory and the observation data of hourly temperature of 22 automatic weather stations from 2012 to 2021, K-means clustering algorithm was used to analyze the daily, monthly, seasonal, annual and spatial variation characteristics of urban heat island effect in Weihai City in the past 10 years. The results showed that in recent 10 years, the average urban heat island intensity was 1.24 ℃, showing a gradual weakening trend of -0.169 3 ℃/10 a;the summer average heat island intensity was 0.86 ℃, showing a gradual weakening trend of -0.047 5 ℃/10 a. The heat island intensity had obvious diurnal variation characteristics, that is, "it was weak in the day and strong at night". In terms of seasonal variation, heat island effect was the weakest in summer, stronger in spring and autumn, and the strongest in winter. The diurnal, seasonal and annual changes of heat island intensity showed a reverse trend to those of temperature. The high-value area of urban heat island was highly consistent with human residential activity areas and industrial and commercial intensive areas, and the extension trend of heat island intensity was the same as the direction of urban development and construction. The "cold island phenomenon" in some offshore areas was related to the geographical location, terrain and the southeast monsoon trend in summer. The adverse effects of urban heat island effect can be reduced by optimizing the types and distribution of vegetation communities, rationally planning and constructing urban water body, promoting green building materials and adjusting shape design, etc.
文摘The accelerating urbanization process and intensifying climate change have exacerbated the urban heat island effect, threatening sustainable urban development. This study investigates the role of green infrastructure in mitigating urban heat island effects, its implementation challenges, and applications. Employing a system dynamics approach, the research models the relationships between green infrastructure, urban microclimate, and human well-being. Findings indicate that large, continuous green spaces, such as urban parks and green corridors, are most effective, potentially reducing surrounding temperatures by 1˚C - 4˚C. Green infrastructure also provides multiple ecosystem services, including improved air quality and increased biodiversity. However, its implementation faces challenges such as land resource limitations and financial constraints. To address these issues, the study proposes a performance-based planning method, emphasizing multifunctional design and cross-sectoral collaboration. Through analysis of international and Chinese urban case studies, best practices and lessons learned are summarized. The research demonstrates that successful strategies must be context-specific, integrating local conditions while emphasizing long-term planning and continuous optimization. This study provides a scientific basis for developing effective heat island mitigation strategies and climate adaptation plans, ultimately achieving sustainable urban development and improved living environments.
文摘This paper sets out the preliminary results of an experimental research plan aimed at analysing the thermal processes inherent to the urbanisation effect. Although this effect is undeniable, the extent of its impact is a matter of controversy. The results obtained in this study show both the nature of the phenomenon and its considerable magnitude. Failure to take this process into account might seriously bias any analysis of thermal evolution, the cornerstone of the climate change hypothesis.
文摘The Regional Climate Model(RegCM)proves valuable for climate analysis and has been applied to a wide range of climate change aspects and other environmental issues at a regional scale.The model also demonstrated success in diverse areas of urban research,including urban heat island studies,extreme climate events analysis,assessing urban resilience,and evaluating urbanization impacts on climate and air quality.Recently,more studies have been conducted in utilizing RegCM to address climate change in cities,due to its enhanced ability over the years to capture meteorological phenomena at city scales.However,there are many challenges associated with its implementation in meso-scale research,which are attributed to various shortcomings and thus create room for further improvement in the model.This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the evolution of the RegCM over the years and its customisation across various parameters,demonstrating its versatility in urban climate studies and underscoring the model’s pivotal role in addressing multifaceted challenges in urban environments.By addressing these aspects,the paper offers valuable insights and recommendations for researchers seeking to enhance the accuracy and efficacy of urban climate simulations using the RegCM system,thereby contributing to the advancement of urban climate science and sustainability.
文摘植被是生态环境变化的指示器,分析植被物候的时空变化特征及其影响因素对分析陆地生态系统的碳、水和能量平衡具有重要意义。该文利用MOD13Q1 EVI数据集,采用D-L拟合法和动态阈值法提取了北京市2001—2020年植被生长季开始期(start of season,SOS)、植被生长季长度(growing season length,GSL)和植被生长季结束期(end of season,EOS)。通过构建城乡梯度带,分析了北京市城乡区域植被物候的时空变化特征。利用回归分析和趋势分析方法探讨了植被物候参数对气温、降水、日照、风速等气候因子以及城市热岛强度和城市化影响因子的响应。研究表明:2001—2020年间北京市植被物候呈现出SOS提前、GSL延长和EOS推迟的趋势。林地和灌木的SOS比草地早,EOS较草地晚,说明木本植物生长季开始期早,结束期晚。通过分析气候因子与物候之间的关系发现气温、降水、日照和风速都对北京市植被物候有一定的影响,其中SOS对日照的变化最为敏感,EOS对风速的变化最为敏感。植被物候沿城区—郊区—农村方向呈现明显的梯度变化,城区SOS比农村平均提前12.2 d、EOS平均推迟18.9 d。城市夜晚热岛强度与SOS在城乡梯度带上具有显著相关性(p<0.01),SOS,GSL和EOS与人口密度、城市建成区面积、地均GDP均存在显著相关关系(p<0.01),说明城市化发展对北京市SOS提前、GSL延长和EOS推迟具有重要作用。
文摘以山东和福建为研究区,基于气象站气候观测数据及ERA5-land再分析数据,采用变化趋势分析、观测减再分析(Observation Minus Reanalysis,OMR)和对比分析等方法,在区域尺度上探讨不同气候背景下城市化引起的局地升温差异。结果表明,1987—2017年山东省台站年平均气温平均变化率略高于福建省,分别为0.38℃·(10a)^(-1)和0.33℃·(10a)^(-1),但两省各季节气温变化趋势存在很大差异。城市化对山东省年和各季节T_(mean)变化的影响均大于福建省,北方相对干旱且较长的日照时间更利于城市热岛形成,这是导致上述差异的重要原因。此外,城市化对两省秋、冬季节T_(mean)变化的影响较春、夏季节更大,这与秋、冬季节相对干旱且静稳的气候特征有关。山东省城市化升温幅度的季节性差异较福建省大,可能与北方地区季节气候波动更大有关。
文摘为研究城市形态和地表性质对城市地表热岛效应的影响,以西安市为例,基于Landsat8遥感影像和建筑矢量数据,采用局地气候分类(Local climate zone,LCZ)方法,对主城区进行LCZ划分.通过Landsat8遥感影像反演夏季地表温度,研究不同类型LCZ内地表温度的分布特征,同时选取14个地块分析地表热岛强度,通过计算建成区LCZ的城市形态参数分析城市形态对地表热岛效应的影响,采用的参数包括:建筑密度(Building surface fraction,BSF)、绿地率(Ratio of green space,GSP)以及下垫面粗糙度(Height of roughness elements,HRE).结果表明:建成区LCZ地表温度整体高于地表性质LCZ,但温度变化更稳定;建成区LCZ内,高密度的建筑区域地表温度高于低密度区域;地表性质LCZ内,水体温度最低,3种植被型LCZ地表温度低于其余两类LCZ,裸地温度最高;建成区LCZ地块内,高密度的高层建筑和较高的绿化率能够降低地表温度,缓解地表热岛强度;地表性质LCZ地块中水体和林地的地表热岛强度较低.在城市规划中合理的增加水体和绿化的布置,降低建筑密度同时在室外人流密集的区域设置遮阳设施将有利于缓解地表热岛效应.
