In Southwest China, five Nature Reserves(NRs)(Mangkang, Baimaxueshan, Yunling, Habaxueshan, and Yunlongtianchi) play a key role in protecting the endemic and endangered Yunnan snub-nosed monkey(YSM)(Rhinopithecus biet...In Southwest China, five Nature Reserves(NRs)(Mangkang, Baimaxueshan, Yunling, Habaxueshan, and Yunlongtianchi) play a key role in protecting the endemic and endangered Yunnan snub-nosed monkey(YSM)(Rhinopithecus bieti). However, increasing human activities threaten its habitats and corridors. We used a GIS-based Niche Model to delineate potential core habitats(PCHs) of the YSMs and a Linkage Mapper corridor simulation tool to restore potential connectivity corridors(PCCs), and defined five scenarios. A normalized importance value index(NIVI) was established to identify the protection priority areas(PPAs) for the YSMs for five scenarios. The results indicated that locations of the habitats and corridors were different in the five scenarios, thereby influencing the distribution of the PPAs and protection network of the YSMs. The NIVI value of Baimaxueshan nature reserve was 1 in the five scenarios, which implied the maximum importance. There were only 7 PCHs and 16 PCCs(with the longest average length of 223.13 km) which were mainly located around 5 NRs in scenario III. The protection network of the YSMs was composed of 16 PCHs, 18 PCCs, and 5 NRs. Under each scenario, most of the PCHs and the PCCs were located in the south of the study area. The five NRs only covered 2 PPAs of the YSMs. We suggest that the southern part of the study area needs to be strictly protected and human activities should be limited. The area of the five NRs should be expanded to maximize protection of the YSMs in the future.展开更多
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2016YFC0502102
文摘In Southwest China, five Nature Reserves(NRs)(Mangkang, Baimaxueshan, Yunling, Habaxueshan, and Yunlongtianchi) play a key role in protecting the endemic and endangered Yunnan snub-nosed monkey(YSM)(Rhinopithecus bieti). However, increasing human activities threaten its habitats and corridors. We used a GIS-based Niche Model to delineate potential core habitats(PCHs) of the YSMs and a Linkage Mapper corridor simulation tool to restore potential connectivity corridors(PCCs), and defined five scenarios. A normalized importance value index(NIVI) was established to identify the protection priority areas(PPAs) for the YSMs for five scenarios. The results indicated that locations of the habitats and corridors were different in the five scenarios, thereby influencing the distribution of the PPAs and protection network of the YSMs. The NIVI value of Baimaxueshan nature reserve was 1 in the five scenarios, which implied the maximum importance. There were only 7 PCHs and 16 PCCs(with the longest average length of 223.13 km) which were mainly located around 5 NRs in scenario III. The protection network of the YSMs was composed of 16 PCHs, 18 PCCs, and 5 NRs. Under each scenario, most of the PCHs and the PCCs were located in the south of the study area. The five NRs only covered 2 PPAs of the YSMs. We suggest that the southern part of the study area needs to be strictly protected and human activities should be limited. The area of the five NRs should be expanded to maximize protection of the YSMs in the future.
基金The Biodiversity Survey and Assessment Project of the Ministry of Ecology and EnvironmentChina[grant numbers 2019HJ2096001006]TNC China Program[2002-2004]。
文摘野生灵长类夜宿地的利用方式可以明确地反映一个物种特有的生境利用方式和生存之道。2003年12月至2004年10月,我们利用可自动脱落GPS无线电项圈对云南省丽江市金丝厂的一个滇金丝猴(Rhinopithecus bieti)群体的活动进行了持续跟踪记录。本研究着重于对所研究猴群夜宿树的选择和夜宿地的利用方式的考查,并结合可能影响夜宿地选择和利用的环境因素,比如天气、季节、日均温度等做了系统分析。研究群计有180余只个体,家域面积约27.8 km^(2)。GPS项圈记录到夜宿树的有272个夜晚,由此我们确认了131个夜宿地。其中70个(54.3%)夜宿地仅利用了一次,剩余的则不同程度地多次利用(2~9次)。在这些重复利用的夜宿地中,持续利用同一夜宿点的情形共发生了19次,其中连续3个夜晚在同一夜宿地过夜的现象出现了3次,剩下的16次是连续利用同一夜宿地2次。这种连续利用同一夜宿地的情况占重复利用同一夜宿的7.0%,发生频率不高,而且几乎都出现在冬季(84.0%)。滇金丝猴对于同一夜宿地的重复造访的时间间隔约50 d。一旦发生连续重复利用的情况,猴群当天的移动距离显著缩短(527 m vs.884 m),降低了群体移动所必需的能量消耗。明显地,滇金丝猴夜宿点的选择受其当天下午和第二天早上觅食点的位置的影响。鉴于较大的群体和明显回避夜宿地重复利用的特性,提示这是猴群对家域内食物分布的行为响应,避免对同一地点的过度利用造成食物的不足。采用大量(131个)而分散的夜宿地利用方式会保证猴群能够获得充足的食物供应。此外,相较于其他树种,滇金丝猴更喜欢在云南铁杉(Tsuga dumosa)树上过夜,而且尽量不以夜宿点作为觅食点,可能与卫生和安全有关。
