BACKGROUND:Shared decision-making(SDM)has broad application in emergencies.Most published studies have focused on SDM for a certain disease or expert opinions on future research gaps without revealing the full picture...BACKGROUND:Shared decision-making(SDM)has broad application in emergencies.Most published studies have focused on SDM for a certain disease or expert opinions on future research gaps without revealing the full picture or detailed guidance for clinical practice.This study is to investigate the optimal application of SDM to guide life-sustaining treatment(LST)in emergencies.METHODS:This study was a prospective two-round Delphi consensus-seeking survey among multiple stakeholders at the China Consortium of Elite Teaching Hospitals for Residency Education.Participants were identified based on their expertise in medicine,law,administration,medical education,or patient advocacy.All individual items and questions in the questionnaire were scored using a 5-point Likert scale,with responses ranging from"very unimportant"(a score of 1)to"extremely important"(a score of 5).The percentages of the responses that had scores of 4-5on the 5-point Likert scale were calculated.A Kendall’s W coefficient was calculated to evaluate the consensus of experts.RESULTS:A two-level framework consisting of 4 domains and 22 items as well as a ready-touse checklist for the informed consent process for LST was established.An acceptable Kendall’s W coefficient was achieved.CONCLUSION:A consensus-based framework supporting SDM during LST in an emergency department can inform the implementation of guidelines for clinical interventions,research studies,medical education,and policy initiatives.展开更多
This review aims to fill the voids and to update the checklist of sandfly fauna along with its spatial distribution in India.Resource databases i.e.either online or offline were searched to deduce the information to s...This review aims to fill the voids and to update the checklist of sandfly fauna along with its spatial distribution in India.Resource databases i.e.either online or offline were searched to deduce the information to systematize the Indian sandfly fauna.Articles/data retrieved were screened and analysed to further update the available latest checklist.The species name and authorship were given in accord with the International Code for Zoological Nomenclature.We compiled an updated checklist of reported Indian sandfly species along with their state-wise distribution till 2022 as per published literature.Kerala has maximum number of species reports when compared to other endemic states and states with pockets of transmission.Phlebotomus argentipes is the most widely distributed,recorded so far,followed by other Sergentomiya and Phlebotomus species in India.In this review,we have also described the vector and non-vector species of sandfly prevalent in different parts of the country.Phlebotoiella eoindianensis,an amber fossil sandfly species recorded from Gujarat might be older than other records of Indian sandfly fauna.So far 69 species(4 genera and 15 subgenera/groups)of Phlebotomine sandflies have been recorded in India.Proper knowledge of species diversity and its distribution is a prerequisite for planning a systematic vector control strategy and disease management.展开更多
Effective interpretation of electrocardiograms (ECGs) is a critical skill for healthcare professionals, especially in emergency settings. This study assessed the diagnostic abilities of 200 final-year medical students...Effective interpretation of electrocardiograms (ECGs) is a critical skill for healthcare professionals, especially in emergency settings. This study assessed the diagnostic abilities of 200 final-year medical students and young doctors in ECG interpretation. Subsequently, based on the study findings, a practical checklist was developed, and a comprehensive book entitled “Critical ECG in Emergencies” was authored by the researchers. The checklist provides cognitive aids and serves as a systematic guide to enhance ECG interpretation in urgent situations. The study revealed a need for improved confidence in interpreting critical ECGs among the participants. The checklist offers promise for reducing diagnostic errors and improving patient outcomes. Further research is required to evaluate its impact on daily practice and patient care, while the book provides valuable resources for healthcare professionals in emergency medicine.展开更多
Bird fauna checklists are important tools in ecology, biology, and conservation planning for scientists, stakeholders, and decision-makers. Despite its small area, the Gaza Strip (365 km<sup>2</sup>) has a...Bird fauna checklists are important tools in ecology, biology, and conservation planning for scientists, stakeholders, and decision-makers. Despite its small area, the Gaza Strip (365 km<sup>2</sup>) has a relatively large variety of resident and migratory bird fauna. Therefore, the current study aimed to provide an updated checklist of all bird fauna living in or inhabiting the Gaza Strip. Direct field observations using binoculars, continuous visits to zoos, pet stores and biology museums, discussion with bird hunters, follow-up of news and social networking sites, review of scientific publications and photography were the main tools to satisfy the purpose of the study. At least 250 bird species collected from different sources occur in the Gaza Strip and are included in the checklist. This list will not be static, but is inevitably subject to additions and changes in the face of times. The current 250 bird species of the Gaza Strip represent 45.4% of the 551 species of birds living in Palestine. The bird species were found to belong to 21 orders and 61 families. The Passeriformes (passerines) represented the largest order with 96 species of birds (38.4%), followed by the Charadriiformes 54 (21.6%), the Accipitriformes 18 (7.2%), Anseriformes 17 (6.8%) and Pelecaniformes 14 (5.6%), while the other orders represented the remaining percentage (20.4%). With regard to families, the Scolopacidae represented the largest family with 22 species of birds (8.8%), followed by the Anatidae and Accipitridae 17 for each (6.8%), the Muscicapidae 16 (6.4%) and Chariidridae and Fringillidae 11 for each (4.4%), while the other families represented the remaining percentage (62.4%). According to the IUCN regional threat categories, 226 species (90.4%) were Least Concern (LC), 12 (4.8%) were Near Threatened (NT), 6 (2.4%) were Vulnerable (VU), 4 (1.6%) were Endangered (EN) and 2 (0.8%) were Critically Endangered (CR). In conclusion, the study recommends a sustainable control of bird hunting and trafficking in addition to building prestigious centers and museums for studying and documenting birds in the Gaza Strip.展开更多
This paper addressed the current state of police officers’ capabilities, skills, and their readiness to deal with the developments of cybercrime. This study discussed definition of cybercrime, cybercrime categories a...This paper addressed the current state of police officers’ capabilities, skills, and their readiness to deal with the developments of cybercrime. This study discussed definition of cybercrime, cybercrime categories as well as comparison between traditional criminal techniques and cybercrime. As the abilities and skills required for detectives to investigate cybercrime have been discussed. Additionally, literature review and related work, was addressed challenges role of the police in combating cybercrime and facing cybercrime policing. We proposed the main tool in the study which is “Checklist of essential skills for a cybercrime investigator”. Thus, to gain the ability to Identify technical and practical requirements in terms of skills, programs, and equipment to achieve effective and professional results in fight cybercrimes.展开更多
基金supported by the China Medical BoardOpen Competition Program(20-378)Peking University Third Hospital Fund for Returned Scholars(BYSYLXHG2020004)+1 种基金JX was supported by the Peking Union Medical College Fund for Informatization of Postgraduate Courses(2021YXX001)YLZ was supported by the Sichuan University Graduate Education Reform Project(GSSCU2021046)。
文摘BACKGROUND:Shared decision-making(SDM)has broad application in emergencies.Most published studies have focused on SDM for a certain disease or expert opinions on future research gaps without revealing the full picture or detailed guidance for clinical practice.This study is to investigate the optimal application of SDM to guide life-sustaining treatment(LST)in emergencies.METHODS:This study was a prospective two-round Delphi consensus-seeking survey among multiple stakeholders at the China Consortium of Elite Teaching Hospitals for Residency Education.Participants were identified based on their expertise in medicine,law,administration,medical education,or patient advocacy.All individual items and questions in the questionnaire were scored using a 5-point Likert scale,with responses ranging from"very unimportant"(a score of 1)to"extremely important"(a score of 5).The percentages of the responses that had scores of 4-5on the 5-point Likert scale were calculated.A Kendall’s W coefficient was calculated to evaluate the consensus of experts.RESULTS:A two-level framework consisting of 4 domains and 22 items as well as a ready-touse checklist for the informed consent process for LST was established.An acceptable Kendall’s W coefficient was achieved.CONCLUSION:A consensus-based framework supporting SDM during LST in an emergency department can inform the implementation of guidelines for clinical interventions,research studies,medical education,and policy initiatives.
基金supported by the Indian Council of Medical Research,New Delhi[Grant No.6/9-7(331)/2020/ECD-II].
文摘This review aims to fill the voids and to update the checklist of sandfly fauna along with its spatial distribution in India.Resource databases i.e.either online or offline were searched to deduce the information to systematize the Indian sandfly fauna.Articles/data retrieved were screened and analysed to further update the available latest checklist.The species name and authorship were given in accord with the International Code for Zoological Nomenclature.We compiled an updated checklist of reported Indian sandfly species along with their state-wise distribution till 2022 as per published literature.Kerala has maximum number of species reports when compared to other endemic states and states with pockets of transmission.Phlebotomus argentipes is the most widely distributed,recorded so far,followed by other Sergentomiya and Phlebotomus species in India.In this review,we have also described the vector and non-vector species of sandfly prevalent in different parts of the country.Phlebotoiella eoindianensis,an amber fossil sandfly species recorded from Gujarat might be older than other records of Indian sandfly fauna.So far 69 species(4 genera and 15 subgenera/groups)of Phlebotomine sandflies have been recorded in India.Proper knowledge of species diversity and its distribution is a prerequisite for planning a systematic vector control strategy and disease management.
文摘Effective interpretation of electrocardiograms (ECGs) is a critical skill for healthcare professionals, especially in emergency settings. This study assessed the diagnostic abilities of 200 final-year medical students and young doctors in ECG interpretation. Subsequently, based on the study findings, a practical checklist was developed, and a comprehensive book entitled “Critical ECG in Emergencies” was authored by the researchers. The checklist provides cognitive aids and serves as a systematic guide to enhance ECG interpretation in urgent situations. The study revealed a need for improved confidence in interpreting critical ECGs among the participants. The checklist offers promise for reducing diagnostic errors and improving patient outcomes. Further research is required to evaluate its impact on daily practice and patient care, while the book provides valuable resources for healthcare professionals in emergency medicine.
文摘Bird fauna checklists are important tools in ecology, biology, and conservation planning for scientists, stakeholders, and decision-makers. Despite its small area, the Gaza Strip (365 km<sup>2</sup>) has a relatively large variety of resident and migratory bird fauna. Therefore, the current study aimed to provide an updated checklist of all bird fauna living in or inhabiting the Gaza Strip. Direct field observations using binoculars, continuous visits to zoos, pet stores and biology museums, discussion with bird hunters, follow-up of news and social networking sites, review of scientific publications and photography were the main tools to satisfy the purpose of the study. At least 250 bird species collected from different sources occur in the Gaza Strip and are included in the checklist. This list will not be static, but is inevitably subject to additions and changes in the face of times. The current 250 bird species of the Gaza Strip represent 45.4% of the 551 species of birds living in Palestine. The bird species were found to belong to 21 orders and 61 families. The Passeriformes (passerines) represented the largest order with 96 species of birds (38.4%), followed by the Charadriiformes 54 (21.6%), the Accipitriformes 18 (7.2%), Anseriformes 17 (6.8%) and Pelecaniformes 14 (5.6%), while the other orders represented the remaining percentage (20.4%). With regard to families, the Scolopacidae represented the largest family with 22 species of birds (8.8%), followed by the Anatidae and Accipitridae 17 for each (6.8%), the Muscicapidae 16 (6.4%) and Chariidridae and Fringillidae 11 for each (4.4%), while the other families represented the remaining percentage (62.4%). According to the IUCN regional threat categories, 226 species (90.4%) were Least Concern (LC), 12 (4.8%) were Near Threatened (NT), 6 (2.4%) were Vulnerable (VU), 4 (1.6%) were Endangered (EN) and 2 (0.8%) were Critically Endangered (CR). In conclusion, the study recommends a sustainable control of bird hunting and trafficking in addition to building prestigious centers and museums for studying and documenting birds in the Gaza Strip.
文摘This paper addressed the current state of police officers’ capabilities, skills, and their readiness to deal with the developments of cybercrime. This study discussed definition of cybercrime, cybercrime categories as well as comparison between traditional criminal techniques and cybercrime. As the abilities and skills required for detectives to investigate cybercrime have been discussed. Additionally, literature review and related work, was addressed challenges role of the police in combating cybercrime and facing cybercrime policing. We proposed the main tool in the study which is “Checklist of essential skills for a cybercrime investigator”. Thus, to gain the ability to Identify technical and practical requirements in terms of skills, programs, and equipment to achieve effective and professional results in fight cybercrimes.
