Systematic comparison of Kawasaki disease Z-score formulas:Enhancing diagnostic accuracy and clinical applicability across populations

This study aims to evaluate the performance of six distinct Z-score formulas in diagnosing coronary artery dilation in Kawasaki disease(KD)patients,with a focus on their clinical applicability across diverse populations.A retrospective analysis was conducted using comparative statistical methods to assess the sensitivity and specificity of each formula.The Kobayashi and Dallaire formulas demonstrated the highest sensitivity in China,particularly in younger patients with prolonged fever duration.Our findings provide evidence-based recommend-ations for selecting Z-score formulas to optimize diagnostic precision in KD patients.

基于Z-Score动态压缩的高效联邦学习算法

联邦学习作为一种具有隐私保护的新兴分布式计算范式,在一定程度上保护了用户隐私和数据安全。然而,由于联邦学习系统中客户端与服务器需要频繁地交换模型参数,造成了较大的通信开销。在带宽有限的无线通信场景中,这成为了限制联邦学习发展的主要瓶颈。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于Z-Score的动态稀疏压缩算法。通过引入Z-Score,对局部模型更新进行离群点检测,将重要的更新值视为离群点,从而将其挑选出来。在不需要复杂的排序算法以及原始模型更新的先验知识的情况下,实现模型更新的稀疏化。同时随着通信轮次的增加,根据全局模型的损失值动态地调整稀疏率,从而在保证模型精度的前提下最大程度地减少总通信量。通过实验证明,在I.I.D.数据场景下,该算法与联邦平均(FedAvg)算法相比可以降低95%的通信量,精度损失仅仅为1.6%,与FTTQ算法相比可以降低40%~50%的通信量,精度损失仅为1.29%,证明了该方法在保证模型性能的同时显著降低了通信成本。

基于Z-score模型的格力电器财务风险分析

随着居民生活水平的提高,人们对家电的要求逐渐从看重价格到看重品质。随着科学技术的不断进步,家电企业之间关于科技的较量不断加剧,产品竞争越发激烈,如何得到消费者青睐是每个家电企业应该思考的问题。本文以格力电器为例,选择其2018—2022年的财务数据,进行具体的财务指标分析,并利用Z-score模型对格力电器进行横向和纵向的综合分析,发现格力电器存在一定的财务风险,结合风险提出相应发展策略,希望能对格力电器健康持续发展有所帮助。

基于Z-Score模型的上市公司财务风险评价——来自瑞幸咖啡公司2017-2022年财务数据的证据

财务风险评价是制约公司经营效率和经营成本的关键因素。文章以瑞幸咖啡公司为案例,选取2017—2022年财务报表数据,采用偿债能力、盈利能力、营运能力和Z-Score分数模型对其财务风险进行综合评价。结果表明:一是瑞幸咖啡公司在财务舞弊前、中、后三个时期财务风险呈现出不同的发展趋势,在财务舞弊前财务风险能力较低,在舞弊时期呈现出不正常现象,在舞弊后回归正常;二是Z-Score模型发现瑞幸咖啡公司在2020年Z值为历年最低,2021—2022年Z值数据稳步上升,虽然仍低于判别值1.81,存在较大的财务风险,但是可预见瑞幸咖啡公司正在朝着正确的道路前进。文章为瑞幸咖啡公司提高财务风险应对能力提供建议,同时为我国上市公司进行财务风险评价和防范提供参考。

Clinical usefulness of the baby vision test in young children and its correlation with the Snellen chart

AIM:To investigate the efficacy of a new visual acuity(VA)screening method,the baby vision test for young children.METHODS:A total 105 eyes of 65 children aged 2-8y were included in the study.Acuity testing was conducted using a standardized recognition acuity chart(Snellen visual chart:at 3 m)and the baby vision model assessment.The baby vision device includes a screen,a near infrared camera and a computer.Children were seated at a measured distance of 33-40 cm from a display for testing.VA was estimated according to the highest resolution the children could follow.Decimal VA data were converted to logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution(logMAR)for statistical analysis.The VA results for each child were recorded and analyzed for consistency.RESULTS:The mean VA measured using the Snellen visual chart was 0.62±0.32,and that assessed using the baby vision test was 0.66±0.27.The 95%limit of agreement was-0.609 to 0.695,with 95.2%(100/105)plots within the 95%limits of agreement.VA values of the baby vision test were significantly correlated with those of the Snellen chart(R=0.274,P=0.005).CONCLUSION:The baby vision test can be used as a relatively reliable method for estimating VA in young children.This new acuity assessment might be a valid predictor of optotype-measured acuity later in preverbal children.

Z-Score in Fetal Echocardiography–Is there Still Room for New Studies?

Congenital heart disease(CHD)is the most common type of birth defect,representing a significant cause of peri-natal morbidity and mortality.Early diagnosis of such anomalies is crucial for improving outcomes.Current pro-tocols recommend a qualitative assessment of cardiac structures using two-dimensional ultrasound(2DUS)and color Doppler imaging.In cases of suspected abnormalities,quantitative assessments through cardiac structure measurements and reference curves can aid in accurate diagnosis.Similar to centiles widely employed in obste-trics,Z-scores provide more precise quantification of various cardiac structures,particularly at the extremes of the curve.While the development of reference curves and Z-scores has progressed over the past two decades,a lack of standardization in measurements and statistical methodology for their determination is evident.Establishing reference curves requires adherence to specific recommendations to improve their accuracy.The purpose of this study is to provide a narrative review of the major studies that have generated reference values for cardiac struc-tures using 2DUS and Z-scores,to evaluate their methodology,and to provide a summary of the results.

Exploring Variability in Sea Level at a Tide Gauge Station through Control Charts

Monitoring temporal changes in sea level is important in assessing coastal risk.Sea level anomalies at a tide gauge station,if kinematically conceived,include systematic variations such as trend,acceleration,periodic oscillations,and random disturbances.Among them,the non-stationary nature of the random sea level variations of known or unknown origin at coastal regions has been long recognized by the sea level community.This study proposes the analyses of subgroups of random residual statistics of a rigorously formulated kinematic model solution of tide gauge variations using X-bar and S control charts.The approach is demonstrated using Key West,Florida tide gauge records.The mean and standard errors of 5-year-long subgroups of the residuals revealed that sea level changes at this location have been progressively intensifying from 1913 to the present.Increasing oscillations in sea level at this locality may be attributed partly to the thermal expansion of seawater with increasing temperatures causing larger buoyancy-related sea level fluctuations as well as the intensification of atmospheric events including wind patterns and the impact of changes in inverted barometer effects that will alter coastal risk assessments for the future.

Japanese candlestick charts for diabetes

Continuous glucose monitoring(CGM)is a popular technology among the diabetic population,especially in patients with type 1 diabetes and those with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin.The American Diabetes Association recommends standardization of CGM reports with visual cues,such as the ambulatory glucose profile.Nevertheless,interpreting this report requires training and time for CGM to be cost-efficient.In this work it has been proposed to incorporate Japanese candlestick charts in glucose monitoring.These graphs are used in price analysis in financial markets and are easier to view.Each candle provides extra information to make prudent decisions since it reports the opening,maximum,minimum and closing glucose levels of the chosen time frame,usually the daily one.The Japanese candlestick chart is an interesting tool to be considered in glucose control.This graphic representation allows identification of glucose trends easily through the colors of the candles and maximum and minimum glucose values.

基于Z-Score模型的绿地控股财务风险分析

房地产产业是国民经济体的重要组成部分之一,因而对该产业进行财务预警和合理的财务风险分析至关重要。本文以绿地控股为例,选取具有代表意义的财务指标以及利用Z-Score模型对绿地控股实际财务状况进行分析,得出其在2021年后存在一定的财务风险,并针对财务风险提出筹资、投资、运营等方面的合理建议。The real estate industry is one of the important components of the national economy, so it is very important to carry out financial early warning and reasonable financial risk analysis for the industry. This paper takes Greenland Holdings as an example, selects representative financial indicators and uses Z-Score model to analyze the actual financial situation of Greenland Holdings, and concludes that there are certain financial risks after 2021, and puts forward reasonable suggestions on financing, investment, operation and other aspects of financial risks.

Modified DS np Chart Using Generalized Multiple Dependent State Sampling under Time Truncated Life Test

This study presents the design of a modified attributed control chart based on a double sampling(DS)np chart applied in combination with generalized multiple dependent state(GMDS)sampling to monitor the mean life of the product based on the time truncated life test employing theWeibull distribution.The control chart developed supports the examination of the mean lifespan variation for a particular product in the process of manufacturing.Three control limit levels are used:the warning control limit,inner control limit,and outer control limit.Together,they enhance the capability for variation detection.A genetic algorithm can be used for optimization during the in-control process,whereby the optimal parameters can be established for the proposed control chart.The control chart performance is assessed using the average run length,while the influence of the model parameters upon the control chart solution is assessed via sensitivity analysis based on an orthogonal experimental design withmultiple linear regression.A comparative study was conducted based on the out-of-control average run length,in which the developed control chart offered greater sensitivity in the detection of process shifts while making use of smaller samples on average than is the case for existing control charts.Finally,to exhibit the utility of the developed control chart,this paper presents its application using simulated data with parameters drawn from the real set of data.

基于Z-score模型金龙鱼财务风险分析

Z-score是一种衡量企业财务风险的多元化模型。中国食用油行业近年来发展比较稳定,市场空间广阔。益海嘉里金龙鱼食品集团股份有限公司(以下简称“金龙鱼”)作为首批通过ISO9000认证的企业,具有典型代表特征。文章以金龙鱼为研究对象,选取2019—2023年的财务报表数据,采用传统的财务风险分析与Z-score模型相结合的方式,分析金龙鱼的财务状况,对其财务风险作出综合评价,并结合行业现状,根据金龙鱼的财务现状及风险情况,提出相应的风险防控措施及建议。

基于Z-score模型的企业财务风险评价研究——以WLY集团为例

财务风险是企业所面临的重大威胁之一,许多企业因为财务风险而宣告破产,而财务失控是导致它们迅速衰败的一个重要因素。基于Z-score模型,通过分析WLY集团财务状况,并与同行业LZLJ股份有限公司等进行比较,发现WLY集团存在一定的经营风险,提出了提高偿债能力、降低生产成本、合理分配公司资产等建议。

基于Z-score模型的S物流企业财务状况分析

随着电子商务的蓬勃发展,物流行业已成为现代经济体系中的重要一环。然而,物流公司在享受市场机遇的同时也面临着复杂的财务风险。本文以S物流公司为例,通过分析盈利、偿债、运营、发展四种能力以及Z-score模型,指出S物流公司的财务风险,并提出防范措施。

基于Z-score模型的BH融资租赁公司财务风险分析

本文通过对BH融资租赁公司财务报告进行分析,发现BH融资租赁公司偿债能力较弱,运营能力不强,盈利能力不佳,成长动能不足,面临较大的财务风险。进一步使用Z-score模型对其进行财务预警分析,发现Z-score模型各变量数据不理想,Z值处于极低的水平,远在破产区临界值1.1水平以下,在2020—2022年甚至为负值,面临的财务风险极大,如不采取有效的风险管理措施,将可能面临破产。通过Z-score模型分析,对BH融资租赁公司的财务风险起到预警作用,进而提出合理化建议。

Z-Score模型在我国建筑业上市公司财务预警中的实证分析

随着市场经济快速发展和城市化进程加速推进,对我国建筑企业的发展起到了积极促进作用。然而,受行业特性和外部环境影响,建筑企业面临较大的财务风险。因此,在提升企业经济效益的同时,有必要加强对企业财务风险管理工作的关注,以降低企业面临的风险水平。本文采用Z-Score财务风险预警模型,以A股上市的91家建筑业公司为研究对象,关注ST公司在其被特别处理前3年的财务表现,根据Z值的大小,分析公司处于破产区、灰色区或者安全区的数据,由数据可知在ST公司被特别处理前三年的会计年度中,公司的Z值均在2.675以下,都处于灰色区和破产区。并且这些公司Z值呈逐年减小的趋势,这说明ST公司在被特别处理前两年甚至前三年已经表现出财务状况恶化的迹象。对于非ST公司,在三个会计年度内处于破产区的公司占比一直很高,超过50%,虽然在t − 1年处于“破产区”的公司相对于前两年有下降,但是下降幅度不大,说明我国建筑业上市公司面临着较大的财务风险。本文的创新点是首次将Z-Score财务风险预警模型应用于我国建筑业上市公司,填补了该领域在财务预警方面的研究空白。此前,Z-Score模型主要应用于制造业等其他行业,其在建筑业中的应用尚未得到充分探索。通过将Z-Score模型应用于建筑业,为该行业提供了一个新的财务风险预警工具,有助于企业更准确地识别和应对潜在的财务风险。With the rapid development of the market economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the development of China’s construction enterprises has been positively promoted. However, due to the industry characteristics and external environmental influences, construction enterprises face significant financial risks. Therefore, while enhancing economic efficiency, it is necessary to strengthen the focus on financial risk management to reduce the risk levels enterprises face. This article employs the Z-Score financial risk early warning model, using 91 A-share listed construction companies as the research objects, and focuses on the financial performance of ST companies in the three years before they were specially treated. According to the size of the Z-value, the article analyzes the data of companies in the bankruptcy zone, gray zone, or safe zone. The data shows that the Z-values of ST companies in the three years before they were specially treated were all below 2.675, all in the gray zone and bankruptcy zone. Moreover, these companies’ Z-values showed a decreasing trend year by year, indicating that ST companies had already shown signs of deteriorating financial conditions two or even three years before being specially treated. For non-ST companies, the proportion of companies in the bankruptcy zone within three accounting years has remained high, exceeding 50%. Although the number of companies in the “bankruptcy zone” in t − 1 year decreased compared to the previous two years, the decrease was not significant, indicating that China’s listed construction companies face significant financial risks. The innovation of this article is the first application of the Z-Score financial risk early warning model to China’s listed construction companies, filling the research gap in financial early warning in this field. Previously, the Z-Score model was mainly applied in other industries such as manufacturing, and its application in the construction industry had not been fully explored. By applying the Z-Score model to the construction industry, a new financial risk early warning tool is provided for the industry, helping enterprises identify and respond to potential financial risks more accurately.

我国科技上市公司财务危机预警研究——基于修正的Z-Score模型

近年来,随着科技的发展,科技企业迅速发展壮大,但复杂的内外部环境使得科技企业在经营过程中面临诸多风险。为了我国科技上市公司健康、持续发展的目标,需对其进行财务危机预警研究。本文利用SPSS软件对400家科技上市公司的21个财务指标变量进行筛选,确定模型变量和判别系数,建立科技上市公司修正的Z-Score预警模型,运用建模样本、检验样本对所建模型的适用性进行检验,可以发现,该模型对我国科技上市公司财务危机的发生具有比较好的警示作用。In recent years, with the development of technology, technology companies have grown rapidly. However, the complex internal and external environment has led to numerous risks for these companies in their operations. In order to achieve the goal of healthy and sustainable development for our country’s technology listed companies, it is necessary to conduct research on financial crisis warning. This article utilizes SPSS software to screen 21 financial indicator variables of 400 technology listed companies, determine model variables and discriminatory factors, and establish a modified Z-Score warning model for technology listed companies. The applicability of the model is tested using modeling and testing samples, and it is found that the model has a good warning effect on the occurrence of financial crises in China’s technology listed companies.

基于Z-score模型的新能源汽车企业财务风险评估与控制研究——以比亚迪为例

本文基于Z-score模型,利用比亚迪2018-2022年的财务数据分析了企业X变量和Z值逐年变动情况,评估其财务风险的波动性。基于此,本文进一步探讨了比亚迪面临的主要财务风险,并提出了相应的风险控制措施,包括优化流动性管理、增强内部增长潜力以及完善财务风险预警系统等,以期控制比亚迪财务风险,并为同类新能源汽车企业提供有益参考。

基于Z-Score模型企业财务风险评价研究——以Q公司为例

文章以医药行业的Q公司为例,首先对企业的传统风险指标,即筹资风险、投资风险以及运营风险进行分析,得出该企业的筹资风险比较大、投资风险高以及运营风险仍在不断加大的结果。其次,在此基础上运用Z-Score模型,计算出Z值,得出企业在近四年的时间中处于风险较大的区间。最后,分析其风险原因,并针对其原因提出寻求多种融资方式、加强内部控制、建立预警机制几项合理建议。

资本结构对财务风险影响的实证研究——基于Z-score模型法和中小板上市公司数据

以2012年160家中小板上市公司为样本数据,定量分析股权结构、债务结构和所有者权益构成等对中小企业财务风险的影响。研究表明中国中小企业上市公司资本结构对财务风险影响的回归模型拟合优度良好,财务风险水平整体上较低,财务运行状况良好。

国内外信息检索研究热点分析——基于Z-Score标准化的词频

通过利用基于Z-Score标准化的词频统计分析法,从研究主题、关键技术和学科特点对国内外信息检索领域研究的热点进行分析,可以看出国内外基于网络环境的研究成为重要主题;研究的关键技术大体相同,但侧重点不同;国外的研究集中在计算机领域,国内集中在图书情报领域。而未来信息检索中,网络信息检索将得到进一步的发展,知识、多媒体等将成为信息检索的关键主题,新信息检索技术将会成为日后关注的重点。