Analysis of Municipal Water Supply and Drainage Pipe Design Technology

The quality and safety of residents’water rely heavily on the design of municipal water supply and drainage pipes.Therefore,this paper aims to enhance the optimization of municipal water supply and drainage pipe design by focusing on design requirements,principles,and key elements.Drawing from relevant design optimization experiences,technology advancements,and optimization measures,the research will analyze and consolidate the essential aspects of municipal water supply and drainage pipe design.The goal is to fundamentally elevate the quality standards of these designs,ensuring they meet the criteria for engineering project excellence.Through this comprehensive approach,we aim to contribute to the improvement and sustainability of water supply and drainage systems,safeguarding the well-being of residents.

Selection of Water Transmission Method and Analysis of Pipe Network Zoning in Municipal Water Supply and Drainage Design

With the acceleration of urbanization,the demand for water supply and drainage pipe networks has increased significantly.In the planning of urban construction,it is necessary to optimize the design of the water supply and drainage system pipe network to effectively save energy while providing residents with more accessible water resources.Therefore,the municipal water supply and drainage system and the water transmission methods should be designed according to the geographical conditions of the city.In this paper,we mainly analyze the design of municipal water supply and drainage systems and the selection of water transmission methods.Besides,the optimization of the water supply and drainage network zoning process and pipe network maintenance is also discussed,so as to provide a reference for municipal water supply and drainage work.

Effects of combined drip irrigation and sub-surface pipe drainage on water and salt transport of saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang, China

Developing effective irrigation and drainage strategies to improve the quality of saline-alkali soil is vital for enhancing agricultural production and increasing economic returns. In this study, we explored how irrigation and drainage modes (flood irrigation, drip irrigation, and sub-surface pipe drainage under drip irrigation) improve the saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang, China. We aimed to study the transport characteristics of soil water and salt under different irrigation and drainage modes, and analyze the effects of the combination of irrigation and drainage on soil salt leaching, as well as its impacts on the growth of oil sunflower. Our results show that sub-surface pipe drainage under drip irrigation significantly reduced the soil salt content and soil water content at the 0–200 cm soil depth. Under sub-surface pipe drainage combined with drip irrigation, the mean soil salt content was reduced to below 10 g/kg after the second irrigation, and the soil salt content decreased as sub-surface pipe distance decreased. The mean soil salt content of flood irrigation exceeded 25 g/kg, and the mean soil desalination efficiency was 3.28%, which was lower than that of drip irrigation. The mean soil desalination rate under drip irrigation and sub-surface pipe drainage under drip irrigation was 19.30% and 58.12%, respectively. After sub-surface drainage regulation under drip irrigation, the germination percentage of oil sunflower seedlings was increased to more than 50%, which further confirmed that combined drip irrigation and sub-surface pipe drainage is very effective in improving the quality of saline-alkali soil and increasing the productivity of agricultural crops.

Reflections on the Construction of Water Supply and Drainage in Integrated Pipe Corridor of Sponge City

With the continuous development of economy and society and the continuous improvement of peoples’living environment requirements,the concept of sponge city construction has been recognized and understood by more and more people.The country has also recognized the significance of planning and construction of sponge cities.In the process of planning and constructing a sponge city,it is necessary to combine the reality of urban development with the construction of urban water supply and drainage systems and underground pipe corridors to promote the process of urban modernization.Based on this,this paper analyzes the water supply and drainage construction of the integrated pipe corridor in the sponge city.

Analysis of HDPE Pipe Construction Process in Municipal Water Supply and Drainage Construction

The construction of water supply and drainage pipelines is a very important part of municipal construction.The construction of HDPE pipe has been widely used in the construction field of water supply and drainage pipelines due to its many advantages.Therefore,the construction process of HDPE pipe has also been studied more and more in the construction of municipal water supply and drainage,which is of great significance for the application of HDPE in municipal water supply and drainage construction.This paper analyzes the HDPE pipe construction process of municipal water supply and drainage construction workers,and hopes to help the good application of HDPE pipe and the improvement of municipal water supply and drainage construction quality.

Study on the Construction of Ecological Drainage Pipe with Critter Crossing Function

Critter passage can to a large extent ensure the safety of living things crossing the road and reduce the traffic mortality of living things arising from crossing the road. Outdoor drainage pipes can eliminate accumulated surface water,alleviate the drainage pressure of urban roads,and reduce the phenomenon of urban stagnant water. At present,there are many studies on the construction methods of drainage pipes,and there are also many studies on critter passage,but there is little research on the organic combination of critter passage and drainage pipes. Taking the drainage pipe as the research object,in accordance with the basic requirements of critter passage,this paper studies the construction methods of ecological drainage pipe with critter passage function,in order to solve the problem of single function of drainage pipe at present. It can provide a reference for related research in the future.

Discussion on the Application of Pipe Jacking Construction Technology in Municipal Road Drainage Projects

In the construction of municipal road drainage projects,pipe jacking construction is a relatively common construction method.This construction technology can avoid a large amount of excavation work,improve drainage construction efficiency,avoid large-scale damage to the road surface,and exert small traffic impact.Therefore,it is currently widely used in drainage construction,but judging from the current actual application situation,there are still many problems that require further improvement.This article mainly analyzes the advantages of and current technical problems in pipe jacking construction technology in detail,explores corresponding solutions,and lays a foundation for the optimization of municipal road drainage engineering construction.

An improved siphon drainage method for slope stabilization

The siphon drainage is an effective measure for the slope groundwater control. However,for the traditional siphon drainage, limitations such as siphon lift restriction and poor reliability in longterm service prevent it from being widely used. In this study, an improved siphon drainage method with inclined borehole penetrating the deep part of the slope is proposed to overcome the limitations suffered by the traditional method. Through experimental research, theoretical analysis and engineering practice,the reliability and capability of the proposed method are investigated. The results demonstrate that with the inclined pipe the height difference between the control point of the groundwater level and the orifice can be controlled to be less than the height of the water column corresponding to the local atmospheric pressure. As a result, deep drainage can be achieved.In addition, by controlling the diameter of siphon drainage pipe not larger than 4 mm, a plug flow can be formed in the siphon pipe, which can prevent air accumulation in the siphon process and a continuous and effective siphon drainage is achieved. Through a practical project running smoothly since September 2013, it is found that the proposed method can effectively drain the groundwater deep in the slope and the maximum drawdown of groundwater level in boreholes can reach 8.5 m with an average drainage flow of 5.5 m3/d. The practical results also illustrate that 4 mm siphon pipe can be used to realize deep slope drainage and restart siphon automatically.

Control of Seepage through Earth Dams Based on Pervious Foundation Using Toe Drainage Systems

Many dangerous effects arise from seepage through earth dams based on pervious layer. Therefore, the dam embankment must be provided with seepage control measures to avoid such effects. In the present work, different control methods were used such as flat slopes, toe drainage systems, and a catch drain in the tail water. The hydraulic performance of each control measure was evaluated using the analytical solutions, previously developed, to estimate the seepage quantity (q), the height of seepage surface (h3), and the coordinates of the free surface (hx). Study was conducted on a physical model for a dam embankment having a top width (b) = 10.0 meter, height (Hd) = 30.0 meter, and slope factor (m) = 1.5. The obtained results were analyzed and presented in dimensionless charts. Results showed that, the used control measures possess a great effect on the characteristics of seepage through earth dams based on pervious foundations. A comparative study was conducted between the studied toe drainage systems to enable the designers the better choice for design purposes.

Study on the Whole Process Simulation and Regulation Mechanism of Urban Green Ecological Rainwater Drainage System

In view of the frequent waterlogging caused by rapid urbanization and the public’s dissatisfaction with the drainage system,the article based on the concept of the green ecological drainage system,constructed the urban green ecological drainage comprehensive simulation research system,and quickly evaluated pipe network operation and surface water of an industrial park under typical rainfall conditions.The results showed that the drainage capacity of the designed green ecological rainwater drainage system reached 100%,and there was no ponding phenomenon,which indicated that the green ecological rainwater drainage system could effectively solve the practical problems of urban drainage.The green ecological rainwater comprehensive simulation research system had good adaptability.The research results provided the scientific theoretical basis and reference significance for planning,designing,constructing,operating,and managing urban rainwater system scientifically and systematically.

Effectiveness of urban distributed runoff model for discharge and water depth calculation in urban drainage pipe networks

Effective urban land-use re-planning and the strategic arrangement of drainage pipe networks can significantly enhance urban flood defense capacity.Aimed at reducing the potential risks of urban flooding,this paper presents a straightforward and efficient approach to an urban distributed runoff model(UDRM).The model is developed to quantify the discharge and water depth within urban drainage pipe networks under varying rainfall intensities and land-use scenarios.The Nash efficiency coefficient of UDRM exceeds 0.9,which indicates its high computational efficiency and potential benefit in predicting urban flooding.The prediction of drainage conditions under both current and re-planned land-use types is achieved by adopting different flood recurrence intervals.The findings reveal that the re-planned land-use strategies could effectively diminish flood risk upstream of the drainage pipe network across 20-year and 50-year flood recurrence intervals.However,in the case of extreme rainfall events(a 100-year flood recurrence),the re-planned land-use approach fell short of fulfilling the requirements necessary for flood disaster mitigation.In these instances,the adoption of larger-diameter drainage pipes becomes an essential requisite to satisfy drainage needs.Accordingly,the proposed UDRM effectively combines land-use information with pipeline data to give practical suggestions for pipeline modification and land-use optimization to combat urban floods.Therefore,this methodology warrants further promotion in the field of urban re-planning.

基于流体力学分析探究排水立管通水能力测试方法

排水立管通水能力的测试方法是建筑排水系统中理论研究的难点,长期以来国内外学者给出了数种测试方法并取得了一定成果,但因为研究的系统平台和搭建的试验装置各不相同,各地的测试数据未能融会贯通、相互印证。通过对世界各国在排水立管通水能力测试方法的研究,在归纳总结的基础上,提出新的排水立管通水能力测试方法。

堆叠集成算法在城市地下排水管网风险评估中的应用

近年来排水管网事故频发,因此迫切需要一种客观、高效的风险评估方法。基于此,提出基于堆叠模型的城市地下排水管网风险评估方法,显著提高建模的精度。研究选择管长、坡度等14个特征变量进行建模,将堆叠集成算法与独立机器学习算法的预测性能进行比较,探究排水管网风险的影响因素。结果显示:(1)研究区内4级风险和3级风险排水管段数占比分别为21.23%和21.38%,需要尽快在现场进行处置。(2)堆叠集成算法预测精确度为93.7%,高于随机森林(91%)、决策树(89%)和支持向量机(78%)的预测精确度,比独立机器学习算法的评估性能更好。(3)除了管长、管径等常规属性对排水管网风险有重要影响,沉积、障碍物等因素对排水管网的风险也不容忽视。结果有助于排水管网健康评估,对各类机器学习算法评估管网风险建模具有启示意义。

耦合降雨过程-排水系统的机场跑道积水演化

机场跑道排水是保障飞机运行安全和飞机品质的关键因素之一,良好的排水系统能够有效排除雨水,减少积水和滞留水的影响。为了探讨现有机场跑道排水系统排水能力,以及降雨与排水系统的演化过程,以中国南方某机场跑道为研究对象,将丹麦水利研究所开发的集成的水文水质量模型(Danish Hydraulic Institute model integrated computing,DHI MIKE)模型应用于机场跑道,构建耦合雨洪模型。根据研究区域的降雨特性以及现有排水系统,设计4种不同重现期的降雨情景,从管道充满度、地表淹没结果、跑道积水演化过程3个方面进行模拟分析。结果表明:管道满管数量与降雨强度呈正比关系,不同重现期下研究区域水深的空间分布大体呈一致状态,集中在集水浅沟周围。重现期越大,积水深度越高;出现积水时间和跑道关闭时间提前。跑道排水能力基本能够满足5年一遇的降雨标准。

初期坝顶部单排水平排渗管布设对尾矿坝稳定性的影响

为揭示初期坝顶部单排布设水平排渗管对尾矿坝稳定性的影响机理,以山东某尾矿库为工程研究对象,将排渗管等效为具有特定饱和渗透系数的材料,基于达西渗流定律以及极限平衡理论,研究不同干滩长度下安全系数随排渗管长度和渗透系数的变化规律,建立最优排渗管长度与干滩长度之间的定量关系,提出初期坝排渗管与坝顶抽水泵协同工作汛期抢险救灾技术。研究结果表明:初期坝顶部水平布设排渗管以及与尾矿坝顶抽水泵协同工作技术可以有效降低坝体内浸润线位置,提高坝体稳定性。研究结果可为汛期尾矿坝排渗提供强有力的技术支持。

排水管道土压力数值分析及非开挖修复内衬管壁厚优化

随着我国地下排水管道系统建设逐渐完善,管道缺陷修复逐渐成为主要工作之一。针对排水管道非开挖修复中的受力分析问题建立了有限元模型,分析了管材、壁厚、管径等因素对管道土压力的影响,并讨论了土柱法和有限元计算结果的差异。结果表明:相比较于土柱法,有限元法直观地反映出管径上不同位置的土压力及对不同地质条件和设计参数的敏感性。在此基础对南宁市某管道非开挖修复项目内衬管壁厚进行优化,土柱法计算的峰值土压力为有限元法计算的1.64倍,采用有限元法计算的土压力设计管道内衬壁厚可节省21.6%。有限元法对管道土压力的计算结果可为管道非开挖修复设计及规范制定提供借鉴和参考。

焉耆盆地农田排盐暗管布设参数研究

【目的】研究焉耆盆地典型绿洲农田排盐暗管模式下,布设参数中影响土壤排盐效果的显著因素。【方法】设置不同暗管埋深(1.2、1.5 m)与间距(20、30、40 m),开展排盐试验,结合极差和方差分析方法,研究淋洗前后土壤剖面的水盐变化规律和暗管排水排盐量差异。【结果】①暗管排水过程中,田间持水率状态土壤经淋洗后能迅速达到饱和状态且位于暗管上方的土层能够排出土壤多余水分,土壤含水率与暗管布设参数未呈显著性关系;②在0~60 cm土壤深度内,土壤脱盐率与间距、埋深及组合有显著交互作用,暗管间距与埋深组合与单因素间距相比对脱盐率影响更显著。相同暗管间距下:暗管埋深越深,0~60 cm内的土壤脱盐率越高;相同暗管埋深下:当暗管间距为30 m时,0~60 cm内的土壤脱盐率最高,与20、40 m间距有显著差异(P<0.05);③在排水阶段初期,各处理暗管的排水和排盐量呈现快速增长后逐渐稳定趋势,暗管排水的电导率较为稳定,与土壤剖面的含盐量呈正相关关系。暗管埋深对累积排水和排盐量有显著性影响(P<0.05),间距对其无显著性影响(P>0.05),相较1.2 m深度,1.5 m埋深能有效提升排水效率,加速排出土壤盐分。【结论】在考虑最大脱盐率的情况下,建议将暗管埋深设为1.5 m,间距设为30 m,作为焉耆盆地农田暗管布设的参考。

不同偏置方式对专用通气排水系统排水特性的影响

排水管道偏置常常应用于商住两用的高层建筑中,但是这类设计会造成排水流态变化,导致管道内出现巨大压力波动,破坏卫生器具水封,污染室内环境。针对偏置距离为1.0 m、1.5 m两个场景开展了试验。试验在60 m高全尺寸实验塔中展开,采用定流量法,通过压力极限值和水封损失值来比较不同偏置距离下系统的最大通水能力。结果表明,这两个偏置距离对建筑排水系统的通水能力均有极大负面影响,通水能力降低50%以上,偏置距离1.5 m较1.0 m的负面影响更大。

MR-GA:一种基于实例分割的地下排水管道缺陷评估方法

目前地下排水管道检测后的缺陷评估主要采用人工方式进行,不仅费时、费力,智能化程度低,而且容易受到人工经验与视觉疲劳的影响,导致遗漏与误判,影响结果的准确性。近年来迅速兴起的实例分割技术,具有强大的数据特征学习和描述能力。提出了一种基于Mask R-CNN实例分割网络的管道缺陷评估MR-GA(Mask R-CNN-Grading Assessment)方法。首先,自建样本数据集,对Mask R-CNN进行训练构建模型;其次,利用构建好的模型对输入的管道检测帧进行缺陷分类和实例分割;在此基础上,结合《城镇排水管道检测与评估技术规程》,根据各类管道缺陷特征,制定出缺陷量化分级评估方案;最后,按此方案进行参数计算及分级评估。将MR-GA方法应用于实际工程项目,与人工评估结果相比,缺陷类别识别准确率达到91.34%,缺陷分级准确率达到88.75%。