Recently,a disruptive idea was reported about the discovery of a new type of battery named Liquid Displacement Battery(LDB)comprising liquid metal electrodes and molten salt electrolyte.This cell featured a novel conc...Recently,a disruptive idea was reported about the discovery of a new type of battery named Liquid Displacement Battery(LDB)comprising liquid metal electrodes and molten salt electrolyte.This cell featured a novel concept of a porous electronically conductive faradaic membrane instead of the traditional ion-selective ceramic membrane.LDBs are attractive for stationary storage applications but need mitigation against self-discharge.In the instant battery chemistry,Li|LiCl-PbCl_(2)|Pb,reducing the diffusion coefficient of lead ions can be a way forward and a solution can be the addition of Pb O to the electrolyte.The latter acts as a supplementary barrier and complements the function of the faradaic membrane.The remedial actions improved the cell’s coulombic efficiency from 92%to 97%without affecting the voltage efficiency.In addition,the limiting current density of a 500 m Ah cell increased from 575 to 831 m A cm;and the limiting power from 2.53 to 3.66 W.Finally,the effect of Pb O on the impedance and polarization of the cell was also studied.展开更多
Today,ship development has concentrated on electrifying ships in commercial and military applications to improve efficiency,support highpower missile systems and reduce emissions.However,the electric propulsion of the...Today,ship development has concentrated on electrifying ships in commercial and military applications to improve efficiency,support highpower missile systems and reduce emissions.However,the electric propulsion of the shipboard system experiences torque fluctuation,thrust,and power due to the rotation of the propeller shaft and the motion of waves.In order tomeet these challenges,a new solution is needed.This paper explores hybrid energy management systems using the battery and ultracapacitor to control and optimize the electric propulsion system.The battery type and ultracapacitor are ZEBRA and MAXWELL,respectively.The 3-,4-and 5-blade propellers are considered to produce power and move rapidly.The loss factor has been reduced,and the sea states have been found through the Elephant Herding Optimization algorithm.The efficiency of the proposed system is greatly enhanced through torque,thrust and power.The model predictive controller control strategy is activated to reduce load torque and drive system Root Average Square(RMS)error.The implementations are conducted under the MATLAB platform.The values for torque,current,power,and error are measured and plotted.Finally,the performance of the proposed methodology is compared with other available algorithms such as BAT and Dragonfly(DF).The simulation results show that the results of the proposed method are superior to those of various techniques and algorithms such as BAT and Dragonfly.展开更多
基金financially supported by the research unit of Group Sadoway Laboratory,Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Massachusetts Institute of Technology,77 Massachusetts Avenue,Cambridge,MA,02139-4307,United Statesthe Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT)for his Ph.D.scholarship(PD/BD/128041/2016)+2 种基金financially supported by the Base Funding(UIDB/00511/2020)of the Laboratory for Process Engineering,Environment,Biotechnology and Energy–LEPABEfunded by national funds through the FCT/MCTES(PIDDAC)continuous support from MIT Portugal Program。
文摘Recently,a disruptive idea was reported about the discovery of a new type of battery named Liquid Displacement Battery(LDB)comprising liquid metal electrodes and molten salt electrolyte.This cell featured a novel concept of a porous electronically conductive faradaic membrane instead of the traditional ion-selective ceramic membrane.LDBs are attractive for stationary storage applications but need mitigation against self-discharge.In the instant battery chemistry,Li|LiCl-PbCl_(2)|Pb,reducing the diffusion coefficient of lead ions can be a way forward and a solution can be the addition of Pb O to the electrolyte.The latter acts as a supplementary barrier and complements the function of the faradaic membrane.The remedial actions improved the cell’s coulombic efficiency from 92%to 97%without affecting the voltage efficiency.In addition,the limiting current density of a 500 m Ah cell increased from 575 to 831 m A cm;and the limiting power from 2.53 to 3.66 W.Finally,the effect of Pb O on the impedance and polarization of the cell was also studied.
文摘Today,ship development has concentrated on electrifying ships in commercial and military applications to improve efficiency,support highpower missile systems and reduce emissions.However,the electric propulsion of the shipboard system experiences torque fluctuation,thrust,and power due to the rotation of the propeller shaft and the motion of waves.In order tomeet these challenges,a new solution is needed.This paper explores hybrid energy management systems using the battery and ultracapacitor to control and optimize the electric propulsion system.The battery type and ultracapacitor are ZEBRA and MAXWELL,respectively.The 3-,4-and 5-blade propellers are considered to produce power and move rapidly.The loss factor has been reduced,and the sea states have been found through the Elephant Herding Optimization algorithm.The efficiency of the proposed system is greatly enhanced through torque,thrust and power.The model predictive controller control strategy is activated to reduce load torque and drive system Root Average Square(RMS)error.The implementations are conducted under the MATLAB platform.The values for torque,current,power,and error are measured and plotted.Finally,the performance of the proposed methodology is compared with other available algorithms such as BAT and Dragonfly(DF).The simulation results show that the results of the proposed method are superior to those of various techniques and algorithms such as BAT and Dragonfly.
