Electrochemical Hydrogen Charging on Corrosion Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy in Artificial Seawater

This study employs advanced electrochemical and surface characterization techniques to investigate the impact of electrochemical hydrogen charging on the corrosion behavior and surface film of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy.The findings revealed the formation ofγ-TiH andδ-TiH_(2) hydrides in the alloy after hydrogen charging.Prolonging hydrogen charging resulted in more significant degradation of the alloy microstructure,leading to deteriorated protectiveness of the surface film.This trend was further confirmed by the electrochemical measurements,which showed that the corrosion resistance of the alloy progressively worsened as the hydrogen charging time was increased.Consequently,this work provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the corrosion of Ti-6Al-4V alloy under hydrogen charging conditions.

Effectiveness of Sodium Silicate on the Corrosion Protection of AA7075-T6 Aluminium Alloy in Sodium Chloride Solution

The influence of sodium silicate on the corrosion behaviour of aluminium alloy 7075-T6 in 0.1 M sodium chloride solution was studied by open circuit potential (OCP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the AA7075-T6 surface. Silicate can significantly reduce corrosion deterioration and the inhibition efficiency increases with the concentration of Na2SiO3. The corrosion inhibition mechanism involves the formation of a protective film over the alloy surface by adsorption of aluminosilicate anions from solution, as has also been suggested by others in literature.

激光熔覆Stellite 6合金涂层的耐磨耐蚀性能研究

为提高阀杆用SUS630不锈钢的耐磨耐蚀性能,利用激光熔覆技术在其表面制备Stellite 6钴基合金涂层,随后对比研究了Stellite 6合金涂层和SUS630不锈钢基体的显微硬度、摩擦磨损性能和腐蚀性能。结果表明:相对于SUS630不锈钢,Stellite 6合金涂层的硬度提高了25%,磨损体积减少了50%,说明Stellite 6合金涂层的耐磨性能优于SUS630不锈钢基体;此外,在3.5%NaCl溶液中,Stellite 6合金涂层的腐蚀电位(-0.18 V)和钝化膜的阻抗值(367 kΩcm^(2))均高于SUS630不锈钢基体的腐蚀电位(-0.35 V)和钝化膜的阻抗值(129 kΩcm^(2)),而其钝化电流密度(10^(-7)-10^(-6)A/cm^(2))小于SUS630不锈钢基体的钝化电流密度(10^(-6)-10^(-5)A/cm^(2)),说明Stellite 6合金涂层的耐腐蚀性能优于SUS630不锈钢基体。因此,激光熔覆Stellite 6合金涂层可提高SUS630不锈钢的耐磨耐蚀性能。

钢背及合金层厚度对ZChSnSb11-6巴氏合金耐磨性的影响

利用MFT-500多功能摩擦机对ZSnSb11Cu6(11-6)巴氏合金及采用离心铸造方法在40Cr钢钢背上浇铸的厚度为2.0、2.5 mm的ZChSnSb11-6巴氏合金层进行了摩擦磨损试验,研究了钢背及合金层厚度对巴氏合金耐磨性的影响。结果表明:与无钢背巴氏合金相比,有钢背2.5 mm厚巴氏合金的耐磨性提高了26.6%,而2.0 mm厚巴氏合金的耐磨性下降了12.8%。有钢背2.0 mm厚巴氏合金的硬度较高,磨痕和犁沟较浅,但其残余拉应力最大,麻点数量最多、剥落程度最大,耐磨性最差;而2.5 mm厚巴氏合金的麻点数量最少、剥落程度最小,磨痕和犁沟也较浅,耐磨性最好;相较于2.5 mm厚巴氏合金,无钢背巴氏合金的残余拉应力较小,但其硬度最低,磨痕和犁沟最深,麻点数量更多、剥落更严重,耐磨性较差。

PWR一回路注锌对316L不锈钢及钴基合金腐蚀和腐蚀产物释放的影响规律

在模拟压水堆一回路水化学环境中,对主管道316L不锈钢和Stellite 6钴基合金分别开展了0,10,40μg·L^(-1)三种Zn质量浓度的均匀腐蚀试验.试验结束后,采用失重法计算两种材料的腐蚀速率和腐蚀产物释放速率,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电镜能谱仪(TEM-EDS)以及高分辨和傅里叶转变分析氧化膜表面形貌、截面形貌、厚度、元素分布以及双层氧化膜相结构.结果表明,对于316L不锈钢,1000 h内10μg·L^(-1) Zn的注入对腐蚀速率和释放速率影响不显著,增加Zn质量浓度至40μg·L^(-1)后,316L不锈钢的腐蚀速率、腐蚀产物释放速率和氧化膜厚度显著降低,其中氧化膜厚度由250 nm降低至95 nm.对于具有双相结构的Stellite 6钴基合金,γ-Co基体和碳化物间存在电偶腐蚀效应,γ-Co基体和相界腐蚀更显著.进一步延长腐蚀时间至3000 h,发现10μg·L^(-1) Zn注入可以显著降低其腐蚀速率和腐蚀产物释放速率,当Zn质量浓度增加至40μg·L^(-1)时,钴基合金的腐蚀速率、腐蚀产物释放速和氧化膜厚度进一步降低.微观分析表明,注锌对两种合金腐蚀抑制机理相似,注入的Zn离子会在金属表面形成含Zn的尖晶石结构,显著提高外层氧化膜的致密性,阻碍金属离子向外扩散及氧离子向内扩散,促进内层氧化膜/基体界面处保护性Cr_(2)O_(3)的形成,进而显著降低316L不锈钢和Stellite 6钴基合金的腐蚀速率、腐蚀产物释放速率和氧化膜厚度.

渗碳工艺对18CrNiMo7-6合金钢缺口件疲劳性能的影响

为分析渗碳工艺对18CrNiMo7-6缺口构件疲劳性能的影响,对应力集中系数Kt=1.86的缺口试样进行渗碳热处理并测定其旋转弯曲疲劳性能,同时对试样表层组织、硬度以及应力场进行了表征。结果表明,渗碳热处理可以明显提升试样表面硬度并引入残余压应力,并且可以显著提升缺口试样的疲劳性能,相较于未渗碳试样疲劳极限提升超过100%;随着有效硬化层深度的增加,缺口试样的疲劳极限均呈现先增后减的趋势。未渗碳试样和渗碳试样的疲劳源均在缺口根部表面处,且均为多源断裂。疲劳过程中渗碳试样表面残余奥氏体在循环应力作用下诱导马氏体相变,其转变量存在一个临界值。

18CrNiMo7-6合金钢的动态本构参数确定

为了弥补18CrNiMo7-6合金钢动态力学性能及动态本构模型研究的不足,采用MTS伺服疲劳试验机、基于DIC的高温拉伸试验系统以及分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)装置,获取了该材料在不同应变率、温度下的应力-应变关系。结果表明:18CrNiMo7-6合金钢具有明显的应变率强化效应和温升软化特性。选用Johnson-Cook(J-C)本构模型描述18CrNiMo7-6合金钢的动态力学性能,基于试验数据,标定了该材料的J-C模型参数,并通过SHPB试验的有限元模拟验证了所得参数的可靠性。以应变硬化项和应变率强化项耦合的形式对J-C本构模型进行修正。修正后的模型与试验数据吻合程度更高,可为实际工程中的数值模拟问题提供参考。

ICP-AES法同时测定ZM-6合金中主量及杂质元素的含量

提出利用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)定量测定ZM-6合金中主量及杂质元素含量的方法.通过与传统国标方法比对、第三方实验室验证及生产现场使用验证,证明提出的方法操作简便、准确可靠、试验周期短、分析效率高,为ZM-6合金的质量控制提供了技术保障依据.其中Al元素的分析方法优于国标方法,由于充分考虑了高含量Nd元素的干扰,加入与待测试样相同量的Nd消除干扰,提高了Al元素分析的准确度,降低了Al元素的检测下限;Si元素的检测方法由湿化学法改为ICP-AES法,简化了操作步骤,提高了分析速度.

Zn、Zr、Nd对ZM-6镁合金性能的影响

ZM6镁合金近几年广泛应用于航空、航天工业中，相对于ZM-5、ZM-1具有良好的铸造性能、力学性能、高的抗蚀性和适合较高温度的工作环境等优点。研究了合全元素对ZM-6镁合全力学性能的影响。结果表明，锌、钕、锆元素对ZM-6合金的良好的强化效果，以锌的强化作用最为强，其加入量分别为Zn0．4％～0．7％，Zr0．6％～0．7％，Nd0．4％～0．8％时，合金的力学性能较高。使用高纯原材料，并辅以合理的熔炼工艺是获得综合性能优良的ZM-6合金的重要条件。

包壳管用SZA-6锆合金的高温单轴拉伸蠕变行为

在应力117,137,157 MPa及温度633,658,683 K条件下对包壳管用SZA-6锆合金进行单轴拉伸蠕变试验,研究了该合金的单轴拉伸蠕变行为,并通过蠕变应力指数和蠕变激活能分析其蠕变控制机制。结果表明:SZA-6锆合金在不同试验条件下的稳态蠕变速率在0.34×10^(-8)~9.77×10^(-8)s^(-1)范围,随着试验温度的升高或应力的增大,稳态蠕变速率增大;在658 K温度下,当应力由117 MPa增大至157 MPa时,蠕变应力指数由5.66增大至8.69;在117 MPa应力下的蠕变激活能为181.76 kJ·mol^(-1)。117 MPa应力下的蠕变控制机制以晶界滑移为主,不受试验温度影响;当应力增大至137 MPa、试验温度为658 K时,位错攀移机制对蠕变行为起主导作用。

Effect of ultrasonic melt treatment on degassing of Mg-6Zn-1Ca alloy

The effect of ultrasonic power and treatment time on degassing of Mg-6Zn-1Ca alloy was studied in this paper. The degassing effect was characterized by measuring densities of ingots. The results show that proper ultrasonic treatment can remove hydrogen from the melt of the Mg-6Zn-1Ca alloy. The ultrasonic degassing effect is closely related to the ultrasonic power density and treatment time. The degassing efficiency increases with an increase in ultrasonic power density when the melt is treated at 690 °C for 120 s, reaching its highest value at 1.2 W·cm-3. When the power density is 1.2 W·cm-3, with an increase in ultrasonic treatment time, the degassing efficiency increases at first, reaches its peak value at 120 s, then decreases as the ultrasonic treatment is further prolonged. In this experiment, the optimum degassing effect with an efficiency of 67.5 % is obtained by ultrasonic treatment with the power density of 1.2 W·cm-3 for 120 s. The maximum density of ingot can be increased from 1.8069 g·cm-3 to 1.8146 g·cm-3(increased by 0.43%).

Heat-treated microstructure and mechanical properties of laser solid forming Ti-6Al-4V alloy

The effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of laser solid forming （LSF） Ti-6Al-4V alloy were investigated The influences of the temperature and time of solution treatment and aging treatment were analyzed. The results show that the microstructure of LSFed samples consists of Widmanstatten α laths and a little acicular in columnar prior β grains with an average grain width of 300 μm, which grow epitaxiaUy from the substrate along the deposition direction （27）. Solution treatment had an important effect on the width, aspect ratio, and volmne fraction of primary and secondary a laths, and aging treatment mainly affects the aspect ratio and volume fraction of primary α laths and the width and volume fraction of secondary a laths. Globular a phase was first observed in LSFed samples when the samples were heat treated with solution treatment （950℃, 8 h/air cooling （AC）） or with solution treatment （950℃, 1 h/AC） and aging treatment （550℃, above 8 h/AC）, respectively. The coarsening and globularization mechanisms of a phase in LSFed Ti-6Al-4V alloy during heat treatment were presented. To obtain good integrated mechanical properties for LSFed Ti-6Al-4V alloys, an optimized heat treatment regimen was suggested.

Microstructure of ZM6 magnesium alloy with different Nd content

With the purpose of studying the influence of Nd on the alloy structure and castability of ZM6, under the fixed content of Zn and Zr, this paper observes and analyzes the microstructure morphology of ZM6 alloy fracture with dif- ferent Nd content by the means of uniaxial tension experiment and scanning electron microscope （SEM） observation. The search results indicate that the structure of ZM6 alloy after added Nd can be refined to some extent, while it has no obvious influence on the grain structure and dimension of as- ast ZM6 alloy. Through increasing the ratio between Nd and Zn, it turns out that Nd and Zn reduces their own solid solu- bility by each other in α-Mg, and meanwhile, they gather toward the grain boundary, which is beneficial to refine the structure of ZM6 alloy ingot and enables the grain dimension of ZM6 alloy to reach the minimum when the Nd content is 2.5 %. On the basis of the minimization of the grain dimen- sion, the tensile property of ZM6 alloy improves with the Nd content. Thus, it provides theoretical guidance and technical support for the improvement of ZM6 alloy structure.

Tribological behavior of different films on Ti-6Al-4V alloy prepared by plasma-based ion implantation

The tribological behaviors of TiN coating and TiN+TiC+Ti(C, N)/diamond like carbon (DLC), TiN/DLC, TiC/DLC multilayers on Ti 6Al 4V alloy prepared by plasma based ion implantation (PBII) were compared. Under the test conditions of counterbody AISI 52100, load 1 N and speed 0.05 m/s, the tribological properties of the alloy are improved by these films in the order of TiN, TiC/DLC, TiN/DLC and TiN+TiC+Ti(C,N)/DLC. Tribological behavior is affected by the conditions of surface modification and triboexperiments. The appearance of “peaks” in the wear dynamic resistance profiles may be due or correspond to the process of formation and breaking apart of transition films. The breakthrough of the DLC coated samples may start from partially wearing out, and end with joining piece dilamination. There are transition films on all counterbodies AISI 52100. When AISI 52100 counterbody is changed to Ti 6Al 4V, the wear of most modified samples is changed from only disc to both disc and ball abrasive dominated.

Thermal cycle and its influence on the microstructure of laser welded butt joint of 8 mm thick Ti-6Al-4V alloy

Ti-6Al-4V alloy is extensively used in the manufacture of components in aviation.In the current study,the laser welding process is adopted to joint the Ti-6Al-4V alloy plate which has the thick of 8 mm.A three-dimensional finite element model is established to simulate the temperature distribution of laser welding process.The thermal cycle curves are produced on the strength of the simulation results.Meanwhile,the microstructure characteristics of the welded joint are investigated combined with simulation results.The results show that weld zone,heat affected zone and based metal experience similar thermal cycles process and the cooling rate has an important influence on the formation of microstructure.Moreover,the simulation results are well matched with experiment results.

Constitutive Modeling for Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Machining Based on the SHPB Tests and Simulation

A constitutive model is critical for the prediction accuracy of a metal cutting simulation. The highest strain rate involved in the cutting process can be in the range of 104-106 s 1. Flow stresses at high strain rates are close to that of cutting are difficult to test via experiments. Split Hopkinson compression bar （SHPB） technology is used to study the deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy at strain rates of 10 -4-10 4s- 1. The Johnson Cook （JC） model was applied to characterize the flow stresses of the SHPB tests at various conditions. The parameters of the JC model are optimized by using a genetic algorithm technology. The JC plastic model and the energy density-based ductile failure criteria are adopted in the proposed SHPB finite element simulation model. The simulated flow stresses and the failure characteristics, such as the cracks along the adiabatic shear bands agree well with the experimental results. Afterwards, the SHPB simulation is used to simulate higher strain rate（approximately 3 × 10 4 s -1） conditions by minimizing the size of the specimen. The JC model parameters covering higher strain rate conditions which are close to the deformation condition in cutting were calculated based on the flow stresses obtained by using the SHPB tests （10 -4 - 10 4 s- 1） and simulation （up to 3 × 10 4 s - 1）. The cutting simulation using the constitutive parameters is validated by the measured forces and chip morphology. The constitutive model and parameters for high strain rate conditions that are identical to those of cutting were obtained based on the SHPB tests and simulation.

Evolution of residual stress field in 6N01 aluminum alloy friction stir welding joint

Based on the characteristics of friction stir welding（ FSW） and Coulomb friction work theory,the residual stresses field of FSW joints of 6 N01 aluminum alloy（ T5）,which was used in high speed train,were calculated by using the ANSYS finite element software. During the FEM calculation,the dual heat source models namely the body heat source and surface heat source were used to explore the evolution law of the welding process to the residual stress field. The method of ultrasonic residual stress detecting was used to investigate the residual stresses field of the 6 N01 aluminum alloy FSW joints. The results show that the steady-state temperature of 6 N01 aluminum alloy during FSW is about 550 ℃,and the temperature mutates at the beginning and at end of welding. The longitudinal residual stress σ;is the main stress,which fluctuates in the range of-25 to 242 MPa. Moreover,the stress in the range of shaft shoulder is tensile stress that the maximum tensile stress is 242 MPa,and the stress in the outside of shaft shoulder is compressive stress that the maximum compressive stress is 25 MPa. The distribution of the tensile stress in the welding nugget zone（ WNZ） is obviously bimodal,and the residual stress on the advancing side is higher than that on the retreating side. With the increasing of the welding speed,the maximum temperature decreased and the maximum residual stress decreased when the pin-wheel speed kept constant. With the increasing of the pin-wheel speed,the maximum temperature of the joint increased and the maximum residual stress increased when the welding speed was constant. The experimental results were in good agreement with the finite element results.

Effect of Friction Coefficient on Deep Drawing of 6A16 Aluminum Alloy for Automobile Body

Based on the ABAQUS/Explicit finite element method,the forming force changing trend of deep drawing test for 6A16 aluminum alloy plate after pre-aging and storage at room temperature for one month was simulated under friction coefficient ranging from 0 to 0.22.The lubricants selected for the tests were mechanical oil,butter and dry film lubricant,and the friction coefficient of these lubricants were 0.05,0.10 and 0.15,respectively.Microstructural evolution of 6 A16 aluminum alloy plate during drawing forming was investigated by OM,SEM and EBSD.The results showed that,with the increase of friction coefficient,the stress,strain and deformation degree in deformation zone increased,while the grain size in deformation zone decreased.Thus,the hardness of the cup-typed component increased with the increase of friction coefficient.Butter-lubricated cups had the highest tensile strength and yield strength after paint-bake cycle.The combination of simulation results and microstructure analysis of 6A16 aluminum alloy plate after drawing forming indicates that the appropriate lubricant is butter.

Effect of Process Parameters on Tensile Strength of Friction Stir Welded Cast LM6 Aluminium Alloy Joints

This paper reports the effect of friction stir welding （FSW） process parameters on tensile strength of cast LM6 aluminium alloy. Joints were made by using different combinations of tool rotation speed, welding speed and axial force each at four levels. The quality of weld zone was investigated using macrostructure and microstructure analysis. Tensile strength of the joints were evaluated and correlated with the weld zone hardness and microstructure. The joint fabricated using a rotational speed of 900 r/min, a welding speed of 75 mm/min and an axial force of 3 kN showed superior tensile strength compared with other joints. The tensile strength and microhardness of the welded joints for the optimum conditions were 166 MPa and 64.8 Hv respectively.

Dynamic experimental studies of a6n01s-t5 aluminum alloy material and structure for high-speed train

In this study, we focus on the dynamic failure property of A6N01S-T5 aluminum alloyusing for high-speed train. The method of SHBT+3D DIC was put forward to figure out the dynamic mechanical properties and dynamic failure strain of A6N01S-T5 aluminum alloy,and on the basis of this, Johnson-Cook model constitutive parameters and dynamic failure strain parameters were obtained through a series of static and dynamic tests.An important character of this methodwas that the sandwich structure from the true high-speed train was used in penetration test,followed by the numerical calculation of the same working condition using LS-DYNA.Then we compare the experimental results with simulation results mentioned above in terms of failure morphology in structure and the bullet speed throughout the entire process to verifythe accuracyof the parameter. The experimental results provide a data basis for the crash simulation model of high-speed trains,in turn to optimize the structural design and whole efficiency.