AIM: To evaluate effects of Danhong Huayu Koufuye (DHK, a Chinese medicinal formulae) alone or combined with metformin on diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, an animal model of obese type -2...AIM: To evaluate effects of Danhong Huayu Koufuye (DHK, a Chinese medicinal formulae) alone or combined with metformin on diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, an animal model of obese type -2 diabetes, and then to investigate the mechanisms. METHODS: ZDF (fa/fa) rats were administered with vehicle (distilled water), metformin, DHK, and DHK plus metformin. Electrophysiological and histological analysis were applied to evaluated effects of DHK alone or combined with metformin on DR. The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in blood were measured to evaluate the antihyperglycemic activity of DHK. Furthermore, levels of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in serum were measured to study effects of DHK on oxidative stress in ZDF rats. In addition, body weight, lipidic indexes and insulin level were also assessed. RESULTS: DHK combined with metformin significantly reversed the prolongation of latency times of flash electroretinogram (FERG) and oscillatory potentials (OPs) in diabetic rats. Furthermore, DHK alone or combined with metformin showed a remarkable suppression of retinal neovascularization and amelioration of retinal internal limiting membrane morphology. Moreover, DHK alone or plus metformin reduced FBG (P<0.05), HbA1c 1094 (P<0.01) and MDA (P<0.01) levels in diabetic rats. In addition, reductions in levels of triglycerides (TG) (P<0.01) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively) were also observed in diabetic rats treated with DHK alone or plus metformin. CONCLUSION: DHK in combination with metformin had a preventive and therapeutic effect on DR in type-2 diabetic rats, and the possible mechanisms may be alleviating hyperglycemia, reducing oxidative stress and improving lipid metabolism.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of acquired vision loss and one of the world＇s fastest growing chronic diseases. Diabetic retinopathy （DR）, a specific complication of chronic hyperglycemia, is the leading caus...Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of acquired vision loss and one of the world＇s fastest growing chronic diseases. Diabetic retinopathy （DR）, a specific complication of chronic hyperglycemia, is the leading cause of acquired vision loss worldwide in middle-aged and there- fore economically active people that also increases the medical and economic burden on the society （Klein, 2007）.展开更多
Objective: Persons with type 2 diabetes have increased incidence of hyperuricemia and gout. The hypothesis that Urate transporter 1 (URAT1) levels are increased in type 2 diabetic Zucker rats and this is responsible f...Objective: Persons with type 2 diabetes have increased incidence of hyperuricemia and gout. The hypothesis that Urate transporter 1 (URAT1) levels are increased in type 2 diabetic Zucker rats and this is responsible for elevation of uric acid was tested. Methods: Male 12-week-old obese Zucker rats were compared to non-diabetic lean counterparts. Plasma glucose, uric acid and creatinine were measured. URAT1 protein levels in the renal cortex and medulla were determined by Western blot. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the location of URAT1 inrenal tubules. Results: Plasma glucose and uric acid levels were higher in the diabetic rats. There was no difference in plasma createnine. URAT1 antibody-positive bands of 27, 31, 50, 62 and 70 kDa were observed in cortex. A similar pattern was observed in medulla with addition of a 44 kDa band. No differences were observed in URAT1 proteins in the cortex between obese and lean rats. In the medulla, expression of the 44 and 50 kDa proteins was higher in lean rats. Expression of 27, 50, 62 kDa URAT1 proteins in the cortex was higher than in the medulla, while expression of the 70 kDa URAT1 was higher in medulla than in cortex. Localization of URAT1 did not differ between groups and included tubules in both cortex and medulla. Conclusions: In male Zucker rats, URAT1 protein expression was observed in both kidney cortex and medulla. Uric acid elevation in the obese group was associated with decreases in the 44 and 50 kDa URAT1 proteins in renal medulla.展开更多
Objective:To observe the influence of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation(taVNS) on fasting plasma glucose(FPG) and serum insulin(INS) in Zucker diabetes fatty(ZDF) rats and explore the regulatory effect ...Objective:To observe the influence of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation(taVNS) on fasting plasma glucose(FPG) and serum insulin(INS) in Zucker diabetes fatty(ZDF) rats and explore the regulatory effect of taVNS on blood glucose in ZDF rats.Methods:A total of 20 male ZDF rats were randomized into a model group and a taVNS group,10 rats in each one.Besides,the other 10 Zucker Lean(ZL) rats were selected to be a control group.The rats in the control group were fed with common forage and those in the model group and the taVNS group were fed with high-sugar and high-fat forage.The intervention of electric stimulation was applied in the rats of taVNS group,with 2/15 Hz in frequency,disperse-dense wave and 2 mA in intensity.Each intervention lasted 30 min,once a day,consecutively for 12 weeks.No any intervention was given in the control group and the model group.The body mass and FPG level were recorded once every 2 weeks in the rats.After the experiment,the rats were sacrificed and blood sample was collected.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was adopted to determine the level of serum INS in the rats.Results:After the modeling,compared with the control group,the body mass and FPG level were all higher(P <0.05,P <0.01) and the concentration of serum INS was lower(P <0.01) in the rats of the model group.After intervention,compared with the model group,the body mass was lower in week 6 to 10(P <0.01,P <0.05),FPG level was lower in week 8 to 12(P <0.01,P <0.05) and serum INS concentration was higher(P <0.01) in the rats of the taVNS group.Conclusion:TaVNS apparently improves in hyperglycemia in ZDF rats and increases serum insulin concentration in the rats.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Fundation of China (No.81303282)Central Finance of China in Support of the Development of Local Colleges and University [Educational Finance Grant No.338 (2013/2014)]+1 种基金Department of Education of Guangdong Province (No.Yq2013044)Science and Information Technology of Guangzhou (No.2013J2200034)
文摘AIM: To evaluate effects of Danhong Huayu Koufuye (DHK, a Chinese medicinal formulae) alone or combined with metformin on diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, an animal model of obese type -2 diabetes, and then to investigate the mechanisms. METHODS: ZDF (fa/fa) rats were administered with vehicle (distilled water), metformin, DHK, and DHK plus metformin. Electrophysiological and histological analysis were applied to evaluated effects of DHK alone or combined with metformin on DR. The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in blood were measured to evaluate the antihyperglycemic activity of DHK. Furthermore, levels of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in serum were measured to study effects of DHK on oxidative stress in ZDF rats. In addition, body weight, lipidic indexes and insulin level were also assessed. RESULTS: DHK combined with metformin significantly reversed the prolongation of latency times of flash electroretinogram (FERG) and oscillatory potentials (OPs) in diabetic rats. Furthermore, DHK alone or combined with metformin showed a remarkable suppression of retinal neovascularization and amelioration of retinal internal limiting membrane morphology. Moreover, DHK alone or plus metformin reduced FBG (P<0.05), HbA1c 1094 (P<0.01) and MDA (P<0.01) levels in diabetic rats. In addition, reductions in levels of triglycerides (TG) (P<0.01) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively) were also observed in diabetic rats treated with DHK alone or plus metformin. CONCLUSION: DHK in combination with metformin had a preventive and therapeutic effect on DR in type-2 diabetic rats, and the possible mechanisms may be alleviating hyperglycemia, reducing oxidative stress and improving lipid metabolism.
基金supported by EU Program FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IAPP(612218/3D-NET)FEDER-CICYT MAT2013-47501-CO2-1-R(Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness,Spain)Grants+1 种基金supported by RETICS(RD12/0034/0001)Instituto de Salud CarlosⅢ,Spain
文摘Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of acquired vision loss and one of the world＇s fastest growing chronic diseases. Diabetic retinopathy （DR）, a specific complication of chronic hyperglycemia, is the leading cause of acquired vision loss worldwide in middle-aged and there- fore economically active people that also increases the medical and economic burden on the society （Klein, 2007）.
文摘Objective: Persons with type 2 diabetes have increased incidence of hyperuricemia and gout. The hypothesis that Urate transporter 1 (URAT1) levels are increased in type 2 diabetic Zucker rats and this is responsible for elevation of uric acid was tested. Methods: Male 12-week-old obese Zucker rats were compared to non-diabetic lean counterparts. Plasma glucose, uric acid and creatinine were measured. URAT1 protein levels in the renal cortex and medulla were determined by Western blot. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the location of URAT1 inrenal tubules. Results: Plasma glucose and uric acid levels were higher in the diabetic rats. There was no difference in plasma createnine. URAT1 antibody-positive bands of 27, 31, 50, 62 and 70 kDa were observed in cortex. A similar pattern was observed in medulla with addition of a 44 kDa band. No differences were observed in URAT1 proteins in the cortex between obese and lean rats. In the medulla, expression of the 44 and 50 kDa proteins was higher in lean rats. Expression of 27, 50, 62 kDa URAT1 proteins in the cortex was higher than in the medulla, while expression of the 70 kDa URAT1 was higher in medulla than in cortex. Localization of URAT1 did not differ between groups and included tubules in both cortex and medulla. Conclusions: In male Zucker rats, URAT1 protein expression was observed in both kidney cortex and medulla. Uric acid elevation in the obese group was associated with decreases in the 44 and 50 kDa URAT1 proteins in renal medulla.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China:81674072Sino-German Cooperative Research Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China:GZ1236National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Project:82004181。
文摘Objective:To observe the influence of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation(taVNS) on fasting plasma glucose(FPG) and serum insulin(INS) in Zucker diabetes fatty(ZDF) rats and explore the regulatory effect of taVNS on blood glucose in ZDF rats.Methods:A total of 20 male ZDF rats were randomized into a model group and a taVNS group,10 rats in each one.Besides,the other 10 Zucker Lean(ZL) rats were selected to be a control group.The rats in the control group were fed with common forage and those in the model group and the taVNS group were fed with high-sugar and high-fat forage.The intervention of electric stimulation was applied in the rats of taVNS group,with 2/15 Hz in frequency,disperse-dense wave and 2 mA in intensity.Each intervention lasted 30 min,once a day,consecutively for 12 weeks.No any intervention was given in the control group and the model group.The body mass and FPG level were recorded once every 2 weeks in the rats.After the experiment,the rats were sacrificed and blood sample was collected.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was adopted to determine the level of serum INS in the rats.Results:After the modeling,compared with the control group,the body mass and FPG level were all higher(P <0.05,P <0.01) and the concentration of serum INS was lower(P <0.01) in the rats of the model group.After intervention,compared with the model group,the body mass was lower in week 6 to 10(P <0.01,P <0.05),FPG level was lower in week 8 to 12(P <0.01,P <0.05) and serum INS concentration was higher(P <0.01) in the rats of the taVNS group.Conclusion:TaVNS apparently improves in hyperglycemia in ZDF rats and increases serum insulin concentration in the rats.
