Associations of Daytime Napping with Incident Cardiovascular Diseases and Hypertension in Chinese Adults:A Nationwide Cohort Study

Objective This study aimed to examine the associations of daytime napping with incident risks of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)and hypertension(HTN).Methods Data for napping and CVD outcomes in 25 provinces were collected from baseline(2010)and three waves of follow-up(2012-2017)investigations of the China Family Panel Studies.Cox frailty models with random intercepts for the surveyed provinces were used to assess the longitudinal effects of daytime napping on CVD and HTN.Results Compared with non-nappers,30+min nappers had higher risks of CVD and HTN,while no significant associations were observed among<30 min nappers.Incident risks among 30-to<60-min nappers increased by 22%[hazard ratio(HR)1.22,95% confidence interval(CI)1.08-1.39]for CVD and 21%(1.21,1.04-1.41)for HTN,respectively,with corresponding HRs of CVD and HTN of 1.27(1.09-1.47)and 1.38(1.16-1.65)among≥60 min nappers.Nap-associated CVD risks varied by subgroups,with stronger associations in participants with lower body mass index(<24 kg/m^(2)),physically inactive persons,smokers,and participants with longer nighttime sleep(≥7 h/night).Significant effects of daytime napping were observed on rural and northern residents only,highlighting great regional variations in CVD risks associated with napping habits.Conclusions This cohort study revealed strong evidence that long daytime napping(≥30 min)is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular events.

Relationship between Occurrence and Progression of Lung Cancer and Nocturnal Intermittent Hypoxia, Apnea and Daytime Sleepiness

The possible relationship between lung cancer and nocturnal intermittent hypoxia,apnea and daytime sleepiness,especially the possible relationship between the occurrence and progression of lung cancer and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) was explored.Forty-five cases of primary lung cancer suitable for surgical resection at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between January 2017 and December 2017 were recruited (lung cancer group),and there were 45 patients in the control group who had no significant differences in age,sex and other general data from lung cancer group.The analyzed covariates included general situation,snore score,the Epworth Sleeping Scale (ESS),Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI),apnea and hypopneas index (AHI),oxygen desaturation index 4 (ODk),lowest arterial oxygen saturation [LSpCh (%)],oxygen below 90% of the time [T90%(min)],the percentage of the total recorded time spend below 90% oxygen saturation (TS90%),to explore the possible relationship between lung cancer and above indicators.The participants were followed up for one year.The results showed that:(1) There was significant difference in body mass index (BMI),ESS,AHI,T90%(min),TS90%,ODh,snore score and LSpCh (%) between lung cancer group and control group (P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in age,gender,PSQI score,incidence of concurrent hypertension,diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD),and smoking history between the two groups (P>0.05);(2) Patients in the lung cancer group were divided into OSAS subgroup and non- OSAS subgroup according to the international standard for the diagnosis of OSAS.There was significant difference in BMI,age,staging,incidence of concurrent hypertension and concurrent CHD,snore score,ESS score,T90%(min),TS90%,ODh and LSpCh (%) between OSAS subgroup and non-OSAS subgroup (P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in gender,PSQI score,incidence of concurrent diabetes,smoking history and lung cancer type between the two groups (P>0.05);(3) AHI was strongly negatively correlated with the LSpCh (%) and positively with ESS,staging,snoring score,T90%(min),TS90%,ODh and BMI (P<0.05);(4) There were 3 deaths,5 cases of recurrence,and 4 cases of metastasis in OSAS subgroup;and there was 1 death,4 cases of recurrence and 2 cases of metastasis in non-OSAS subgroup during the follow-up period of one year,respectively.There was no significant difference in mortality,recurrence rate and metastasis rate between the two subgroups,and the total rate of deterioration in OSAS subgroup was significantly increased compared to the non-OSAS subgroup (P<0.05).It was concluded that the patients with lung cancer are prone to nocturnal hypoxemia,apnea,snoring and daytime sleepiness compared to control group.The incidence of OSAS in patients with lung cancer was higher,and the difference in the hypoxemia-related indicators was statistically significant.The mortality,recurrence rate,and metastasis rate increases in lung cancer patients with OSAS during the one-year follow-up period,suggesting that OSAS may be a contributing factor to the occurrence and progression of lung cancer.

Effects of primary glaucoma on sleep quality and daytime sleepiness of patients residing at an equatorial latitude

AIM:To investigate the impact of primary glaucoma on sleep quality and daytime sleepiness of patients.METHODS:Prospective cross-sectional study with consecutive sampling in South-East Asian population was performed.Validated questionnaires:the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)and Epworth Sleepiness Scale(ESS)were administered prospectively.Subjects with nonglaucomatous optic neuropathy or concomitant retinal pathology were excluded.Glaucoma severity was based on HVF 24-2 perimetry.Binocular single vision was represented based on the better eye.Frequency of and predictive factors for poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness were compared.RESULTS:A total of 79 primary open angle glaucoma(POAG),27 primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG)patients,and 89 controls were recruited.PACG patients had higher median PSQI scores(P=0.004)and poorer sleep quality(P<0.001).Compared to controls,PACG patients were 3.34 times more likely to have poor sleep quality(P=0.008),which remained significant after adjustment for demographics(P=0.016)and predictive variables(P=0.013).PACG patients have poorer sleep quality when visual acuity(VA)was 6/15 or worse(P=0.009).Univariate and multivariate analysis of predictive variables for poor sleep quality and daytime sleepiness did not find statistical significance.CONCLUSION:PACG patients have poorer sleep quality but not daytime sleepiness.This is important in South-East Asian population with heavy disease burden.Evaluations on sleep disturbances can be considered to provide more ho istic care.

Mandibular advancement devices in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea and snoring in community dental care: A pilot study on self-reported sleep quality

Background: The high efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in treating obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients is sometimes limited because of intolerance. Mandibular advancement devices (MAD) are proven to be efficient in treating mild to moderate sleep apnea and snoring. We examined patients who had been treated in Community Dental Care with a titrable Herbst-type MAD. The aim of the study was to evaluate the quality of sleep based on self report. Methods: A questionnaire was mailed to patients (n = 184) who had received treatment for OSA or snoring between 2007 and2010 inthe Helsinki Health Centre Oral Care Unit. The patients were referred to the clinic for primary treatment, or because another treatment modality had failed. Results: Of the respondents (n = 142, 78.4%), OSA had been diagnosed in 74%, while the MAD was applied for snoring to the remaining. Among all respondents, 78.4% had worn the MAD at least three nights per week. With the MAD in situ, sleep was felt significantly less disrupted (p < 0.001) and more restorative (p < 0.001), and snoring was markedly reduced (p < 0.001). Daytime tiredness was also markedly less frequent (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Treatment with a MAD improved perceived sleep quality and awoke alertness in mild and moderate OSA patients and in snorers. This study supports such treatment to be initiated and monitored in community dental care.

Relationship between Lifestyle, Quality of Sleep, and Daytime Drowsiness of Nursing Students of University A

The harmful effects of technological devices, including smart phones have been increasingly suspected among university students;bedtimes have become increasingly later at night, and leisure activities often extend through the night. Likewise, availability and need of increasing part-time job hours have been considered. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship among lifestyles, quality of sleep, and daytime drowsiness of nursing students of University A. The research was conducted in June 2015, when student life rhythms were considered stable after two months of lectures. Responses with missing values or with inappropriate answers were excluded. Of the data collected from 96 respondents, only 71 were acceptable. The survey focused on lifestyle, daytime sleepiness (using ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale) and quality of subjective sleep (using the PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). Approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of Shikoku University. While in this study, more than half (63.4%) of the students had poor quality of sleep, however, there was no relationship between their quality of sleep and daytime drowsiness, or between their lifestyles and the quality of sleep. These findings suggest that while university students’ use of technological devices is suspected to influence on sleep deprivation and consequent daytime drowsiness, the findings did not provide the evidence.

Factors Associated with Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome under CPAP Treatment

The purpose of this study was to assess factors associated with subjective sleep evaluation, chiefly excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) adult outpatients under continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. One thousand and forty-eight OSAS outpatients (mean age: 51.4% male: 90.5%) who were treated by CPAP were consecutively collected. Age, sex, CPAP compliance (CPAP usage as their device of nights with application-time of at least 4 hours per night objectively;%usage ≥ 4 h/d), and Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-J) of the patients showing EDS (Japanese version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale;JESS ≥ 11) were compared cross-sectionally with those of the patients who did not show EDS (JESS < 11). Nineteen point two % of all patients showed EDS subjectively. Two hundred one patients were classified to an EDS(+) group and an 847 patients were classified to EDS(–) group. Age and global PSQI-J scores were significantly different between the two groups. Logistic regression showed that EDS was significantly associated with global PSQI-J scores, but not with age. Among PSQI-J components, overall sleep quality, duration of sleep, sleep disturbance, and day dysfunction due to sleepiness were significantly higher in the EDS(+) group. Especially, 19.4% of patient in the EDS(+) group reported actual sleep time during the past month to be less than 5 hours/day. Although functional relationship should be further evaluated, insufficient sleep is the main factor associated with EDS in the OSAS patients under CPAP treatment.

Insomnia and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Parkinson’s Disease Patient—A Review Article

Sleep-wake disorders play an important role among non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease, being a constant subject of research in recent years. There are a multitude of sleep-wake disturbances that worsen the patient’s quality of life, insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness being two of the most frequent complaints. The aim of this review is to highlight the most relevant clinical trials conducted during the last 5 years, focusing on the problematic of insomnia and daytime sleepiness correlated with Parkinson’s Disease and its treatment. Three electronic databases (Pubmed, Science Direct and Google Scholar) were searched during March and April 2020 for articles on this topic, finally selecting 21 most relevant articles that we have included in this review. Interesting aspects regarding correlation between sleep-wake disorders and Parkinson’s disease were found, showing that non-motor symptoms may be independent of the disease itself. We discussed the most recent advances in treatment opportunities and the adverse effects, with insomnia and daytime sleepiness among the most common complaints. Besides newly developed pharmacological therapy, consisting in mostly dopaminergic agonists or levodopa adjuvant drugs. Other possibly effective therapies on sleep-wake disorders such as deep brain stimulation, dietary changes, bright light therapy and alternative medicine protocols are also reviewed. Insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness are common complaints in Parkinson’s disease patients, being either self-standing non-motor symptoms or adverse effects of the antiparkinsonian medication, diminishing patient’s quality of life. The effervescence of research on this topic shows promising results, with new clinical trials still to come in the near future.

Evaluation of Sleep Quality in Undergraduated Medical Students

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the sleep quality of medical students to identify the main factors that affect sleep patterns. Methods: According to the methodology, 154 students participated in the research, attending from the first to the sixth year of the course. The Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index questionnaire and the Epworth sleepiness scale were applied. Descriptive statistics techniques were applied and demonstrated in the form of tables and graphs. The comparison of variables was carried out using statistical tests. Results: The results showed that most students do not sleep very well. It was observed that 68.83% of a total of 106 students are bad sleepers. Conclusion: It is concluded that medical students sleep a low number of hours by period, which could interfere in impairment of attention, learning and memory formation, interfering in academic performance. On the other hand, they showed greater daytime sleepiness compared to the general population.

Sleep Fragmentation and Risk of Automobile Accidents in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea—Sleep Fragmentation and Automobile Accidents in OSA

Objectives: Automobile accidents related to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) represent an important public health concern. Frequent arousal response during sleep is responsible for the symptoms of daytime sleepiness and an increased risk of automobile accidents in patients with OSA. We therefore investigated the potential relationships between the intensity of arousal and occurrence of automobile accidents in OSA. Methods: We determined the incidence of automobile accidents in the past 5 years among 51 men with OSA (age, 58.5 ± 10.4 years) using a questionnaire. Daytime sleepiness was rated with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). We calculated an automobile accident score, with two points per automobile accident causing damage and one point per near miss. Standard polysomnography was performed for all patients, and arousals were classified as electroencephalographic (EEG) arousal of an abrupt shift in EEG frequency alone and Movement arousal, which was defined as EEG arousal with increased electromyographic activity persisting for ≥3 s. The number of EEG or Movement arousals per hour (arousal index) was determined. Results: The Movement arousal index was significantly greater in the 27 patients who experienced at least one automobile accident causing damage than in the resting 24 patients who had no history of automobile accidents. Multiple regression analysis including age, body mass index, and sleep parameters revealed that the Movement arousal index was the most significant factor of risk for automobile accidents (β = 0.563, P = 0.017) as well as the ESS score (β = 0.417, P = 0.022). Conclusion: Movement arousal during sleep contributes to daytime sleepiness and the resulting frequent involvement of OSA patients in automobile accidents.

Sleep breathing disorders in female population of Dubai, UAE

PURPOSE: United Arab Emirates (UAE) is part of the GCC countries and ranks 18 on 2007 WHO list of the fattest countries with 68.3% of its citizens with an unhealthy weight. The WHO data in 2008 state that the prevalence of overweight in UAE is 71%, while it is 61% in the UK, 54% in Germany, and 45% in France. The increasing overweight and obesity in the UAE are closely related to high social-economic development. Accordingly, the medical authority has observed that the rates of hypertension and diabetes mellitus type 2 appear to be one of the highest rates worldwide. We presume that the increase prevalence of obesity in the UAE would be linked to the increase in prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of symptoms and risk of OSAS in women followed up in the primary health care (PHC) setting in Dubai and the relationship between obesity and sleep apnea in females in the UAE. DESIGN: Prospective observational community-based survey. SETTING: 20 primary health centers in Dubai. PARTICI-PANTS: Consecutive female patients who were older than 14 years, regardless of the reason of their visit. METHODS: In this prospective survey, trained medical nurse administered the Berlin Questionnaire (which includes questions about self-reported snoring, witnessed apneas, daytime sleepiness, hypertension, and obesity) to a consecutive random sample of female patients in the age group older than 14 years, attending the PHC center in Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE, from September 2011 to March 2012. Based on the questionnaire, individuals were classified into high-risk and low-risk groups for OSAS. RESULTS: Based on the responses and measurement of the Berlin Questionnaire of 704 female subjects studied, 137 respondents met the criteria for the high-risk scoring. This gives a prevalence rate of 19.5% while the remainders of the participants were classified as low risk. The overall mean age of the high risk for OSAS female respondents was 39.95 ± 11.73 years. The highest prevalence was noticed between age group 51 to 60 years. 70% of the high risk group patients had Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 and nearly 75% of the low risk group had BMI 2 and the Mean BMI was 33.59 ± 6.44 kg/m2. CONCLUSIONS: One in five women in Dubai, UAE is at high risk of having OSAS. Awareness by the primary care medical community about this disorder in females should be increased so that the patients would benefit from proper evaluation and treatment of OSAS.

帕金森病伴睡眠障碍的研究进展

帕金森病(PD)是一种与运动和非运动症状相关的大脑退行性疾病,与环境、遗传、神经系统老化等多种因素有关。近年的调查研究显示,中国PD平均患病年龄60岁,在65岁以上人群中,每10万人约1700名患者。睡眠障碍是PD的非运动症状之一,临床表现包括失眠、白天过度嗜睡、不宁腿综合征、快速眼动期睡眠行为障碍以及睡眠呼吸障碍等多种类型。由于存在个体差异,PD伴睡眠障碍疾病治疗过程中应在医生指导下选择最适合患者个体的药物。本文对PD睡眠障碍发病机制和常用药物治疗方案进行综述,希望能够为今后PD伴睡眠障碍的治疗提供新的思路。

康复期脑卒中患者日间过度嗜睡现状及影响因素研究

目的调查康复期脑卒中患者日间过度嗜睡行为现状及影响因素。方法便利选取189例康复期脑卒中患者作为调查对象,使用一般资料调查表、Epworth嗜睡量表、匹兹堡睡眠指数量表、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表、汉密顿抑郁量表及中风后身体活动障碍量表进行调查。结果康复期脑卒中患者Epworth嗜睡量表得分为10.00(6.00,14.00)分,日间过度嗜睡发生率为57.67%。多元线性回归分析结果显示,年龄、合并症数量、睡眠质量、神经功能以及抑郁程度是康复期脑卒中患者日间过度嗜睡的主要影响因素(均P<0.05),可解释日间过度嗜睡总变异的31.30%。结论康复期脑卒中患者日间过度嗜睡水平较高,医护人员可结合相应影响因素制定针对性干预措施,以减少患者日间过度嗜睡行为发生。

午休和夜间睡眠与心血管代谢性共病的关系

目的:探讨我国60岁及以上人群睡眠情况与心血管代谢性共病风险的关系。方法:基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2011年和2015年的数据,选取基线期无心血管代谢性共病且参与2015年随访的人群(年龄≥60岁)作为研究对象。采用多因素Logistic回归模型探讨睡眠情况(午休时间、午休长短、夜间睡眠时间、夜间睡眠长短、睡眠质量)与心血管代谢性共病风险的关联。根据高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病、抑郁、心脏病进行亚组分析,探讨午休长短与心血管代谢性共病发病的关系。结果:共纳入6829例研究对象。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,与不午休(0 min)相比,长午休(≥30 min)的心血管代谢性共病风险升高[OR=1.40,95%CI(1.08,1.82),P<0.05],尤其在高血压[OR=1.43,95%CI(1.03,1.98),P<0.05]、血脂异常[OR=1.53,95%CI(1.08,2.16),P<0.05]、非糖尿病[OR=1.37,95%CI(1.02,1.83),P<0.05]人群中;与夜间正常睡眠(7~9 h)相比,夜间长睡眠(>9 h)的心血管代谢性共病风险降低[OR=0.36,95%CI(0.14,0.90),P<0.05]。睡眠质量情况与心血管代谢性共病发病风险无关(P>0.05)。结论:在我国60岁及以上的人群中,长午休(≥30 min)会增加心血管代谢性共病的发病风险,夜间长睡眠(>9 h)可能会降低心血管代谢性共病的发病风险。

伴有焦虑抑郁的OSA患者血清IL-18、EDS状态与不良情绪的相关性

目的 探讨伴有焦虑抑郁的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)患者血清白细胞介素-18(IL-18)、白日嗜睡(EDS)状态与不良情绪的相关性。方法 选取OSA且伴有抑郁焦虑情绪的患者96例为观察组,另选取年龄及性别基本匹配的100例单纯OSA患者为对照组;比较两组血清IL-18、Epworth嗜睡量表(ESS)评分、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评分、睡眠呼吸暂停指数(AHI)、夜间最低血氧饱和度(SaO_(2))及一般资料,采用多重逐步回归分析血清IL-18、ESD状态与汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)的相关性。结果 观察组患者最低SaO_(2)、ESS评分、PPSQI评分、AHI值与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组IL-18、ESD合并率高于对照组(P<0.05);SaO_(2)与HAMA、HAMD评分呈负相关关系(P<0.05),ESS评分、PPSQI评分、IL-18水平、合并ESD、AHI与HAMA、HAMD评分呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 伴有焦虑抑郁情绪的OSA患者IL-18水平升高明显、ESD合并率较高,IL-18升高及合并ESD与患者的焦虑抑郁情绪严重程度有关。

针对性干预对血液透析患者睡眠质量的改善效果研究

目的:观察血液透析患者接受针对性干预对睡眠质量改善效果。方法:选取2022年9月至2023年9月厦门大学附属第一医院肾内科血透室收治的血液透析患者110例作为研究对象。按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组55例。对照组实施常规护理模式,观察组实施针对性干预。评价2组干预前后情绪、日间嗜睡、主观睡眠质量。结果:干预后,观察组汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)各维度得分、Epworth日间嗜睡量表(ESS)评分较对照组有更显著下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:血液透析患者接受针对性干预可改善情绪状态,减轻日间嗜睡症状,提高睡眠质量。

Gender difference in the effect of daytime sleep on declarative memory for pictures

Objective:To investigate gender difference in the effects of daytime sleep on item and source memories,which are dissociable elements of declarative memory,and the effects of sleep on recollection and familiarity,which are two processes underlying recognition. Methods:Participants saw a series of pictures with either blue or red background,and were then given a pretest for item and source memories. Then males and females respectively were randomly assigned either to a wake or a sleep condition. In the wake condition,participants remained awake until the posttest;in the sleep condition,participants slept for 1 h until awakened and asked to remain awake until the posttest. Results:Daytime sleep contributed to retention of source memory rather than item memory in females,whereas males undergoing daytime sleep had a trend towards increased familiarity. For females,however,neither recollection nor familiarity appeared to be influenced by daytime sleep. Conclusion:The mechanism underlying gender difference may be linked with different memory traces resulting from different encoding strategies,as well as with different electrophysiological changes during daytime sleep.

午睡模式对不同地区人群的夜晚睡眠质量和日间功能的影响

深入考察中国各地区人群的午睡模式,以及不同地区人群的午睡模式对其夜晚睡眠质量和日间功能的影响。通过线上问卷调查,纳入了来自31个省份共3 320个有效样本。结果显示,各地区保持午睡习惯的人群比例普遍较高,其中华南、西南等南方地区有午睡习惯的人群比例相对较高,而东北、华北地区有午睡习惯的人群比例则相对较低。此外,稳定的午睡习惯对于改善日间功能和夜晚睡眠质量的主观感受有显著作用,但过长的午睡时间可能会导致夜晚睡眠质量下降。同时,午睡的起始时间对个体的日间功能存在显著预测作用,个体在13∶00—14∶00开始午睡,其日间功能感受最佳。研究结果不仅为个体合理安排午睡提供了建议,也为加强社会对午睡的重视提供了支持。

不同年龄阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者睡眠结构参数差异及其与日间脑功能状态的关系

目的探讨不同年龄阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)患者睡眠结构参数差异及其与日间脑功能状态的关系。方法选择2019年4月-2022年5月收治的200例OSA患者为研究对象,根据年龄将患者分为青年组(<40岁),中年组(41~65岁),老年组(>65岁),按1∶1∶1匹配后,3组患者均纳入48例并比较临床资料,包括多导睡眠监测(PSG)睡眠结构参数、静息态脑电波(rs-EEG)测量日间脑功能状态定量;采用Logistic回归分析睡眠结构参数与日间脑功能状态之间的关系;采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析各指标在不同年龄层对PSG结果及脑功能状态的诊断价值。结果中年组患者快波睡眠次数、N2期睡眠比率、快速眼动睡眠(REM)期比率、脑混沌指数、外专注指数、内专注指数均高于青年组和老年组;中年组慢波睡眠次数、内源性焦虑指数、反应速度指数较青年组低,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素结果显示慢波睡眠次数、快波睡眠次数、N2期睡眠比率及REM期比率是不同年龄OSA患者日间脑功能状态改变的独立危险因素。慢波睡眠次数与脑混沌指数、反应速度指数、内专注指数呈负相关;快波睡眠次数和N2期睡眠比率与脑混沌指数、外专注指数呈正相关;REM期比率与脑混沌指数、内源性焦虑指数、内专注指数呈正比。在中年组中,当睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)≥5、≥15、≥30次/h时,快波睡眠次数、N2期睡眠比率及REM期比率对其诊断OSA及严重程度有高度预测价值;在青年组和老年组中,AHI≥30次/h时快波睡眠次数可高度预测青年组患者诊断中度、重度OSA价值,N2期睡眠比率和REM期比率可高度预测老年组患者诊断中度OSA价值。结论OSA患者睡眠及脑状态在不同年龄分层中有显著差异性,41~65岁OSA患者睡眠质量最差且日间脑功能状态改变明显,41~65岁患者睡眠结构慢波睡眠次数、快波睡眠次数、N2期睡眠比率、REM期比率紊乱对日间脑功能的诊断价值最高。

悬雍垂腭咽成形术联合咽腔功能锻炼治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的效果

目的探讨悬雍垂腭咽成形术联合咽腔功能锻炼治疗中度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的临床效果。方法选择东莞市南城医院耳鼻喉科住院部2020年10月至2022年10月收治的中度OSAHS患者40例作为研究对象,按随机数表法分为对照组、治疗组,每组各20例,两组患者术前均行多导睡眠监测(PSG)、Epworth嗜睡量表(ESS)评分,均在全身麻醉下行悬雍垂腭咽成形术。术后治疗组在对照组基础上结合咽腔功能锻炼,如伸舌运动、张口训练、后鼻孔深呼吸,每日30 min,坚持锻炼6个月。术后6个月两组患者再次行PSG监测、ESS评分,观察夜间最低血氧饱和度(LSaO_(2))、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI),比较两组的临床疗效。结果治疗后,两组患者LSaO_(2)、AHI与治疗前相比均显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,治疗组LSaO_(2)水平显著高于对照组,AHI指数显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗6个月后,两组ESS评分均低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论悬雍垂腭咽成形术联合咽腔功能锻炼治疗OSAHS疗效确切,可有效降低AHI,降低夜间低氧血症,提高手术治愈率,减少复发。

重复经颅磁刺激联合揿针对慢性失眠患者睡眠质量及日间功能的影响

目的观察重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)联合揿针对慢性失眠患者睡眠质量及日间功能的影响。方法按就诊先后顺序随机抽签将2021年3月至2023年12月甘肃省武威肿瘤医院收治的78例慢性失眠患者分为对照组和研究组,各39例。对照组给予右佐匹克隆片治疗,研究组在对照组基础上配合rTMS联合揿针治疗。治疗2个疗程后,比较两组临床疗效。两组治疗前、治疗1个疗程、治疗后采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表对患者睡眠质量进行评价。治疗前后采用Epworth思睡量表(ESS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、疲劳量表-14(FS-14)对患者日间功能进行评价。治疗前后采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测患者神经递质水平。结果研究组临床疗效显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗1个疗程、治疗后,两组PSQI评分均显著低于治疗前(P<0.05),治疗1个疗程、治疗后研究组PSQI评分均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组总睡眠时间较治疗前均显著延长(P<0.05),睡眠效率较治疗前均显著提高(P<0.05),睡眠潜伏时间、觉醒时间较治疗前均显著缩短(P<0.05),睡后觉醒次数较治疗前均显著减少(P<0.05);研究组睡眠改善情况显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组ESS、SAS、SDS、FS-14评分较治疗前均显著降低(P<0.05),研究组各项评分均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组5-羟色胺(5-HT)、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)水平较治疗前均显著升高(P<0.05),去甲肾上腺素(NE)水平较治疗前均显著降低(P<0.05),研究组各神经递质改善水平均显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论rTMS联合揿针配合右佐匹克隆治疗慢性失眠疗效显著,能显著改善患者睡眠质量及日间功能。