A New Zero-Voltage-Switching Push-Pull Converter

A soft switching three-transistor push-pull(TTPP)converter is proposed in this paper. The 3rd transistor is inserted in the primary side of a traditional push-pull converter. Two primitive transistors can achieve zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) easily under a wide load range, the 3rd transistor can also realize zero-voltage-switching assisted by leakage inductance. The rated voltage of the 3rd transistor is half of that of the main transistors. The operation theory is explained in detail. The soft-switching realization conditions are derived. An 800 W with 83.3 kHz switching frequency prototype has been built. The experimental result is provided to verify the analysis.

Simulation on Soft-Switching PWM Converter with High Power Factor

A new PWM converter based on soft switching is introduced. The converter uses a minimum number of devices, and requires less switching operations than conventional techniques. Switching is realized solely in a ZVS (zero voltage switching) mode, therefore the loss is reduced and EMI (electromagnetic interference) is suppressed. The paper analyzes the operation of ZVS, and discusses the methods for maintaining a unit power factor and constant DC voltage. Changing the modulation index M and the phase angle θ keeps the input current in phase with the voltage. It also keeps the current sinusoidal, and ensures a constant output voltage.

SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTATION OF THE ARC WELDING INVERTER USING THE SOFT SWITCHING TECHNIQUE

The FB-ZVZCS-PWM converter is realized by the way of subjoiningblock-capacitor into the FB-ZVS-PWM converter. At the freewheeling interval, the primary current isattenuated fast to zero and maintained. And then, power device of the static leg becomes azero-current-switch (ZCS), power device of the shifted leg becomes a zero-voltage-switch(ZVS). Thus,on one hand IGBT (Insulated gate bipolar transistor) with tail current can be easily used infull-bridge soft-switching converter; on the other hand additional circuiting energy is greatlyreduced. At the same time, less duty cycle loss, lower secondary parasitic resonance, widersoft-switching load range can be achieved. Based on the existing component models in the Pspicesoftware package, a combined model of IGBT is established, in which a non-linear capacitor isintroduced to replace the parasitic capacitor. Using this model, computerized simulation isconducted for the FB-ZVZCS-PWM soft-switching converter, the switching and energy-transferringcharacteristics of the power device are analyzed. Finally, based on the achievement above, a 10 kWarc welding inverter with FB-ZVZCS-PWM converter is developed. The simulation results are testifiedby experiments. It is proved that by adopting appropriate models, computerized simulation is aneffective and useful tool for the development of the arc welding inverter.

ANALYSIS OF ZERO-VOLTAGE QUASI-RESONANT BOOST DC-DC CONVERTER

The zero-voltage quasi-resonant boost switching DC-DC converter has been inves-tigated by using the time averaging equivalent circuit approach of periodically switching linearnetworks.The DC steady state and AC small signal characteristics of the converter are also given.

Principle and parameter design of arc welding inverter using soft switching technique

The soft switching are welding inverter reduces switching losses and improves operating environment of devices by using Zero-Voltage-Transition (ZVT) technique. Step-by-step analysis of each timing interval and the associating voltage and current waveforms are included for the Full-Bridge Zero-Voltage-Switched PWM converter. Numerous design equations supporting the phase-shifted soft switching technique are highlighted.

A Novel Polymorphic Topology with Hybrid Control Strategy Based LLC Resonant Converter for Ultra-Wide Input Voltage Range Applications

To realize effective utilization of renewable energy sources,a novel polymorphic topology with hybrid control strategy based LLC resonant converter was analyzed and designed in this paper.By combining the merits of a full bridge LLC resonant converter,three-level half bridge LLC resonant converter,and variable frequency control mode,the converter realizes an intelligent estimation of input voltage by automatically changing its internal cir-cuit topology.Under this control strategy,different input voltages determine different operation modes.This is achieved in full bridge LLC mode when the input voltage is low.If the input voltage rises to a certain level,it operates in three-level half bridge LLC mode.These switches are digital and entirely carried out by the DSP(Digi-tal Signal Processor),which means that an auxiliary circuit is unnecessary,where a simple strategy of software modification can be utilized.Experimental results of a 500W prototype with 100V~600V input voltage and full load efficiency of up to 92%are developed to verify feasibility and practicability.This type of converter is suitable for applications with an ultra-wide input voltage range,such as wind turbines,photovoltaic generators,bioenergy,and other renewable energy sources.

Design and Experimentation of FPGA-Based Soft-Switched Interleaved Boost Converter for Telecommunication System

This paper proposes the design and experimentation of digital control of soft-switched interleaved boost converter using FPGA for Telecommunication System. The switching devices in the proposed converter are turned on and off with Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) and Zero Current Switching (ZCS) respectively. The circuit is operated in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) with various load ranges having duty cycle of more than 50%. The proposed converter is studied by developing the simulation module in MATLAB/SIMULINK. A PI controller is designed and implemented in FPGA to obtain a regulated DC output for line and load variations. Simulation and experimentation results are verified with a prototype development of the proposed converter. The results indicate that the converter performance is enhanced with closed loop control.

Analysis of Light Load Efficiency Characteristics of a Dual Active Bridge Converter Using Wide Band-Gap Devices

In this paper, the zero voltage switching (ZVS) region of a dual active bridge (DAB) converter with wide band-gap (WBG) power semiconductor device is analyzed. The ZVS region of a DAB converter varies depending on output power and voltage ratio. The DAB converters operate with hard switching at light loads, it is difficult to achieve high efficiency. Fortunately, WBG power semiconductor devices have excellent hard switching characteristics and can increase efficiency compared to silicon (Si) devices. In particular, WBG devices can achieve ZVS at low load currents due to their low parasitic output capacitance (Co,tr) characteristics. Therefore, in this paper, the ZVS operating resion is analyzed based on the characteristics of Si, silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN). Power semiconductor devices. WBG devices with low Co,tr operate at ZVS at lower load currents compared to Si devices. To verify this, experiments are conducted and the results are analyzed using a 3 kW DAB converter. For Si devices, ZVS is achieved above 1.4 kW. For WBG devices, ZVS is achieved at 700 W. Due to the ZVS conditions depending on the switching device, the DAB converter using Si devices achieves a power conversion efficiency of 91% at 1.1 kW output. On the other hand, in the case of WBG devices, power conversion efficiency of more than 98% is achieved under 11 kW conditions. In conclusion, it is confirmed that the WBG device operates in ZVS at a lower load compared to the Si device, which is advantageous in increasing light load efficiency.

一种低电流纹波高增益软开关直流变换器

提出了一种应用于新能源发电系统的低电流纹波高增益软开关直流变换器。在传统交错Boost变换器基础上,该变换器通过引入耦合电感和二极管、电容升压单元提高电压增益,耦合电感在整个开关周期过程中都传递能量,提高了磁芯利用率。输入侧工作在交错模式,两相电感电流纹波可以相互抵消,从而获得较低的输入电流纹波。由于耦合电感自身漏感的存在,减轻了整流二极管反向恢复问题,同时采用有源钳位电路回收利用漏感能量,实现了所有开关管零电压软开关,抑制了开关管关断电压尖峰,提高了变换器转换效率。详细分析了变换器的工作原理、电路特性以及软开关实现方法。最后,搭建了一台200 W的试验样机验证了理论分析的正确性。

限制调频范围的不对称多模式宽输出LLC变换器

频率控制的传统LLC谐振变换器往往受限于开关频率的有效调节范围,难以实现宽输出电压范围,为此,研究了一种限制调频范围的不对称多模式宽输出LLC谐振变换器。采用双谐振腔且对应两变压器变比不同的不对称结构,能够根据原边开关组合的不同,使得双谐振腔分别工作在单半桥、双半桥和半桥+全桥3种不同的模式,从而获得3种不同的电压增益,并且保证每种模式之间归一化增益调节范围不超过1.5,可以在窄开关频率范围内实现宽输出电压范围。建立300 W的实验样机,验证了所提变换器可实现1~3倍的宽输出电压范围,并且实现了原边开关管的零电压开通和副边二极管的零电流关断,具有良好的软开关性能,验证了变换器的可行性。

宽增益高效率级联式四开关Buck-Boost LLC变换器

为了解决变频控制的桥臂共用型四开关Buck-BoostLLC级联变换器磁性元件设计和优化困难的问题,提出一种二次侧为特殊全桥整流结构的级联式四开关Buck-Boost LLC变换器。通过控制二次侧开关管的交叠导通时间以拓宽变换器的电压增益。该变换器可根据不同的输入电压范围工作在交叠模式和整流模式;在不改变变换器参数的条件下将增益显著提高,能够适应更宽范围的输入电压,同时保持了变换器较高的工作效率。在两种工作模式的基础上,采用移相控制使变换器所有开关管实现零电压导通(ZVS),二极管实现零电流关断(ZCS)。结合状态平面轨迹分析法,对定频控制的级联式四开关Buck-Boost LLC变换器进行模态分析,并推导两种工作模式下的输入-输出表达式和开关管的软开关实现条件。最后,通过研制一台70~280 V输入、240 W/28 V输出的实验样机,验证了理论分析的正确性。

宽增益高效率CLLLC变换器的变频双移相调制策略

在输入电压宽范围变化时,变频调制CLLLC变换器存在开关频率变化范围宽的问题,而移相调制CLLLC变换器难以实现宽范围零电压导通(ZVS)。为了实现宽输入电压CLLLC变换器的高效率,该文提出一种变频双移相调制方法。通过同时调节开关频率、一次侧全桥和二次侧全桥之间的移相角,拓宽CLLLC变换器的增益并提高其效率。采用时域分析法求解变频双移相调制CLLLC变换器的电压增益与谐振电感电流有效值,并分析频率以及移相角对电压增益和谐振电感电流有效值的影响。最后,通过搭建一台100~300 V输入、48 V/400 W输出的实验样机,验证了理论分析的正确性。

定频移相控制六开关双谐振变换器研究

针对传统频率控制的LLC谐振变换器在宽电压应用中电压调节性能差且循环电流较大的问题,设计一种六开关双谐振LLC变换器。该变换器由2个全桥LLC谐振变换器共用1个桥臂混合组成。相较于传统的频率控制,该变换器采用定频移相控制调节输出电压,减小开关频率范围。根据2个变压器连接方式的不同,变换器有2种拓扑形态。当2个变压器顺极性串联时,变换器的增益范围为0~1,可以实现超宽输出电压;当2个变压器反极性串联时,变换器的增益范围为1~2,在工作过程中具有较小的环流损耗。2种拓扑形态下,原边开关管和副边二极管分别实现ZVS开通和ZCS关断。最后,通过Simulink仿真和实验验证了研究内容的有效性。

基于DAB的蓄电池最小电流应力控制策略研究

双有源桥(DAB)变换器是一种适用于蓄电池充电的双向DC/DC变换器。为减小蓄电池充电过程中的功率损耗并提高传输效率,提出了双重移相(DPS)最小电流应力控制策略,分析DAB变换器全部开关管的零电压开通(ZVS)的电感电流约束条件,求解得到ZVS区域内电流应力最小时的移相比组合,能够减小蓄电池的充电损耗,提高充电效率,并通过理论对比验证了优化效果。仿真与实验结果均表明,所提优化策略可以实现开关管ZVS以及最小电流应力,从而减小损耗,提高变换器的性能。

定频变占空比控制的倍压型宽增益LLC谐振变换器

传统LLC谐振变换器在宽电压范围应用时开关频率工作范围过宽,且电压调节性能较差。针对上述问题设计了一种定频变占空比的脉宽调制策略,该策略基于倍压结构的全桥LLC谐振变换器,通过改变原边侧开关网络工作在全桥和半桥的占空比,调节谐振槽输入电压;同时,控制副边侧双向开关,可改变整流网络工作在全桥和倍压两种整流模式的占比,最终实现4倍电压增益的调节范围。与变频控制相比,该策略下变换器负载和励磁电感对增益的影响较小,可选用较大的励磁电感来减小循环电流。变换器原边侧开关管实现ZVS导通,整流二极管实现ZCS关断。最后,仿真与实验验证了该调制策略下变换器的可行性。

一种碳化硅与硅器件混合型三电平有源中点钳位零电压转换软开关变流器

该文提出一种碳化硅与硅(SiC&Si)器件混合型三电平有源中点钳位零电压转换(3L-ANPC ZVT)变流器拓扑。该拓扑中每相主电路采用两个SiC MOSFET器件工作在高频,其余主电路开关为Si器件工作在低频,通过辅助电路使得SiC器件工作在ZVT软开关条件下,进一步降低SiC MOSFET高频开关损耗和开关应力。拓扑中辅助电路开关采用Si器件且仅在主器件换相过程工作,具有额定电流小且无开关损耗的特点。该文首先介绍该软开关变流器的电路拓扑结构和工作原理,并给出辅助电路参数的优化设计过程。然后基于双脉冲测试数据对变流器进行损耗建模,分析对比不同开关频率下硬开关和软开关有源中点钳位三电平变流器的损耗分布和效率变化,揭示所提出的软开关变流器拓扑在高开关频率下可以有效改善变流器的效率。最后通过搭建的单相变流器实验平台验证上述分析结论的正确性。

一种CC/CV平滑切换的宽输出电压充电电路

目前多种动力蓄电池凭借着能量密度高、续航里程长和可循环使用等优势,在新能源汽车领域得到了广泛应用。针对当前以谐振电路为基础构建复合变换器应用于蓄电池充电存在输出电压范围、模式间切换、效率等不同问题,提出了一种四开关Buck-Boost与电容钳位LLC级联复用式变换器作为充电电路。该电路增益曲线的容性区和感性区均可工作,宽调频范围的容性区具有恒流特性,感性区的最佳谐振点具有恒压特性,利于实现蓄电池恒流恒压充电控制。频率与占空比的解耦控制拓宽了变换器的输出电压范围,且负载阻抗连续变化下电压增益连续,利于实现蓄电池恒流恒压平滑切换及满足不同电池充电控制方案,宽增益下的宽调控范围可减少输出纹波。拥有桥臂间移相软开关、复用桥臂增强软开关能力和降低通态电流、变压器低磁链及最终移动于最佳谐振点工作等电路特性,利于实现电能高效传输。仿真与实验结果验证了充电电路全程满足ZVS、ZCS的恒流恒压控制及充电模式间平滑切换特性。

一种单向隔离型谐振开关电容变换器

作为隔离型单向直流变换器常用的整流器件之一,二极管结电容易与变压器漏感发生谐振,导致严重的电压尖峰问题。为此,提出一种基于二次侧移相的单向隔离型谐振开关电容变换器(UI-RSCC)拓扑,其二次侧整流单元由一个开关半桥和二极管半桥组成,避免了二次侧二极管振荡的产生,可实现所有开关器件的零电压软开关(ZVS)。该文在分析UI-RSCC拓扑的基础上,研究了其输入直流电容的电压均衡机制,提出了相应的输出电压控制策略及其软开关条件。结果表明,UI-RSCC可实现输入直流电容电压的自动均衡,降低了开关器件的电压应力;通过复用部分开关,减少了所需的开关器件数量;使用电容滤波即可实现所有开关器件的软开关,且无需额外的钳位电路。最后,通过仿真及实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。

具有谐振软开关的高增益耦合电感组合Boost-Zeta变换器

该文提出一种适用于光伏发电系统的具有谐振软开关的高增益耦合电感组合Boost-Zeta变换器。该变换器是由Boost变换器与Zeta变换器组合并引入有源钳位支路和谐振耦合倍压单元而得到。所提变换器利用拓扑组合和耦合倍压技术实现了非常高的电压增益。利用有源钳位支路,实现了所有开关管零电压开通。同时,利用二次绕组与谐振电容谐振实现了所有二极管的零电流关断,有效地解决了二极管反向恢复问题。分析变换器的工作原理,给出变换器的各项性能参数和软开关实现条件。所提变换器还可通过叠加倍压单元进一步提升电压增益。最后,搭建一台200 W实验样机,对理论分析进行了验证。

高轻载效率少功率器件的可模块化扩展ZVS高增益变换器

提出一种高轻载效率且少功率器件的可模块化扩展零电压开关高增益Boost变换器。该变换器可以通过增加升压模块数量n,极大地提高变换器的升压能力;具有2个开关管和n+1个二极管,且各功率管承受相同的电压应力,均为[(n+1)U_(in)+U_(o)]/(n+2);输入电感工作在连续导通模式,其余电感工作在双向导通模式,且反向峰值电流之和大于输入电感电流的谷值,从而实现所有功率管的软开关。所提变换器采用柔性开关频率控制策略,即根据输入电压和负载大小适当地调整开关频率,使电感电流脉动量维持在合适的范围内,既确保实现功率管的软开关,又具有较小的通态损耗,因此在整个负载范围内均具有较高的运行效率。以一个扩展模块为例,对所提变换器的工作原理、稳态特性、软开关条件、控制方法进行深入分析,并通过一台250 W的样机实验验证了理论分析的正确性。