A NOVEL PHASE SHIFTED ZERO VOLTAGE SWITCHED PWM CONVERTER

Phase shifted converter realizes zero voltage switching (ZVS) with the use of leakage inductance of the main transformer, however, the realization of ZVS for lagging bridge leg is difficult. This paper proposes a current enhanced principle, and based on the principle, a novel phase shifted converter is proposed, which adds an auxi liary resonant net to the conventional full bridge converter to help the lagging bridge leg to realize ZVS. The principle and the design of the novel converter are analyzed, and the simulational and experimental results verify the principle.

A New Zero-Voltage-Switching Push-Pull Converter

A soft switching three-transistor push-pull(TTPP)converter is proposed in this paper. The 3rd transistor is inserted in the primary side of a traditional push-pull converter. Two primitive transistors can achieve zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) easily under a wide load range, the 3rd transistor can also realize zero-voltage-switching assisted by leakage inductance. The rated voltage of the 3rd transistor is half of that of the main transistors. The operation theory is explained in detail. The soft-switching realization conditions are derived. An 800 W with 83.3 kHz switching frequency prototype has been built. The experimental result is provided to verify the analysis.

ZERO-CURRENT AND ZERO-VOLTAGE SWITCHING PWM BOOST FULL-BRIDGE CON VERTER

This paper proposes a zer o current and zero voltage switching (ZCZVS) PWM Boost full bridge (FB) conve rter. With series inductors, the leading switches can realize zero current swit ching (ZCS) in a wide load range using the energy of the output capacitor. Ma king use of parasitic capacitors of the lagging switches and parallel auxiliary i nductance with the primary winding of the transformer, the lagging switches can realize zero voltage switching (ZVS) under any load. Compared with the ZCS PWM Boost FB converter, the new converter has no current duty cycle loss. Operat ional principle and parameter design are analyzed. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter.

高轻载效率少功率器件的可模块化扩展ZVS高增益变换器

提出一种高轻载效率且少功率器件的可模块化扩展零电压开关高增益Boost变换器。该变换器可以通过增加升压模块数量n,极大地提高变换器的升压能力;具有2个开关管和n+1个二极管,且各功率管承受相同的电压应力,均为[(n+1)U_(in)+U_(o)]/(n+2);输入电感工作在连续导通模式,其余电感工作在双向导通模式,且反向峰值电流之和大于输入电感电流的谷值,从而实现所有功率管的软开关。所提变换器采用柔性开关频率控制策略,即根据输入电压和负载大小适当地调整开关频率,使电感电流脉动量维持在合适的范围内,既确保实现功率管的软开关,又具有较小的通态损耗,因此在整个负载范围内均具有较高的运行效率。以一个扩展模块为例,对所提变换器的工作原理、稳态特性、软开关条件、控制方法进行深入分析,并通过一台250 W的样机实验验证了理论分析的正确性。

基于励磁电流补偿与混合移相调制的高频DAB变换器全范围ZVS运行策略

随着宽禁带功率半导体器件的广泛使用,更高开关频率的双有源桥(dual active bridge,DAB)变换器带来了更大的开关损耗,对于软开关技术提出更高要求。为了进一步拓展零电压开通(zero-voltage switching,ZVS)范围,文中对ZVS精确模型和传统电感电流全局最优条件方法进行分析,提出一种结合励磁电流运行的移相调制策略,该策略可实现DAB变换器全功率范围内所有开关管的ZVS运行(8-ZVS运行)。在考虑开关管非线性特性和死区时间限制基础上得到更精确的ZVS模型,并推导引入励磁电流的ZVS模型。此外,所提出的控制方案具有无缝模式转换的特点,电感电流的有效值也可以达到准最佳状态。最后,搭建6kW/150kHz的高频DAB变换器样机以验证模型有效性。实验结果表明,该控制算法可以在任意模式和工况下实现8-ZVS运行,从而提升系统在轻载和中载工况下运行效率。

ANALYSIS OF ZERO-VOLTAGE QUASI-RESONANT BOOST DC-DC CONVERTER

The zero-voltage quasi-resonant boost switching DC-DC converter has been inves-tigated by using the time averaging equivalent circuit approach of periodically switching linearnetworks.The DC steady state and AC small signal characteristics of the converter are also given.

A NEW SOFT-SWITCHING PUSH-PULL THREE-LEVEL CONVERTER

The application areas of conventional push pull converters are limited because of high voltage stress of switches (twice of input voltage). This paper presents a novel zero voltage and zero current switching (ZCS) PWM push pull three level converter in which the voltage stress of switches is input voltage. With phase shifted modulation strategy, the leading switches can only realize zero voltage switching (ZVS), and the lagging switches can realize ZCS when block capacitor and block diodes are added. Using the strategy, the converter overcomes the drawbacks presented by the conventional push pull converter, such as magnetic aberration, large switch loss, and voltage spike on switches, so it can get higher efficiency, and a wider application area. The operating principle of the new converter is analyzed and verified on a 600 W, 50 kHz experimental prototype. Several zero voltage and zero current switching PWM push pull three level converters are proposed.

Simulation on Soft-Switching PWM Converter with High Power Factor

A new PWM converter based on soft switching is introduced. The converter uses a minimum number of devices, and requires less switching operations than conventional techniques. Switching is realized solely in a ZVS (zero voltage switching) mode, therefore the loss is reduced and EMI (electromagnetic interference) is suppressed. The paper analyzes the operation of ZVS, and discusses the methods for maintaining a unit power factor and constant DC voltage. Changing the modulation index M and the phase angle θ keeps the input current in phase with the voltage. It also keeps the current sinusoidal, and ensures a constant output voltage.

一种应用于航天器分布式供电系统的ZVS三端口DC-DC变换器

提出一种应用于航天器分布式供电系统的零电压开关(ZVS)三端口DC-DC变换器(TPC)。对于集成双Buck/Boost双有源桥DC-DC变换器型TPC,一次侧开关管的ZVS范围与3个端口的电压及3个端口之间的传输功率有关。为了实现一次侧开关管ZVS范围的扩展,提出在电路拓扑结构中引入基于耦合电感的辅助电路,相较于传统ZVS实现方法,该拓扑可防止蓄电池端口电流波形上的陷波,进而有利于航天器分布式供电系统中蓄电池寿命的延长。此外,磁耦合电感可减少电感数量,不仅起到滤波作用,还为主开关管提供ZVS实现条件。最后,搭建TPC样机进行实验验证,结果验证该拓扑与控制方法的可行性。

基于扩展移相控制的高频DAB变换器ZVS控制方法

双有源桥(Dual Active Bridge,DAB)在需要高效能量双向流动的工作场景有广泛的应用。在高开关频率工作时,变换器开关器件结电容充放电时间无法忽略,导致扩展移相控制下DAB零电压开通(Zero Voltage Switching,ZVS)范围断续。通过分析扩展移相控制下双有源桥DC-DC变换器工作模态,建立高开关频率工况下DAB变换器数学模型,提出一种利用磁化电流扩宽ZVS范围的方法。在此基础上,结合电感电流应力优化算法,提出一种适用于高频工况应用的电流应力优化下的软开关控制策略。采用该控制策略,可以有效减小导通损耗,消除开关损耗,显著提升高开关频率下的变换器效率。搭建400 kHz实验样机,验证控制策略有效性。

基于ZVS的双向全桥DC-DC变换器最小回流功率双重移相分段控制

双向全桥DC-DC(DAB)变换器在直流微电网作为可再生能源与储能设备的能量传输环节,通过实现零电压开关(ZVS)和最小回流功率,可显著地提升DAB变换器的性能,从而提高直流微电网的稳定性。但同时实现ZVS和最小回流功率控制在理论上是相互制约的。针对这一问题,该文提出一种基于ZVS的最小回流功率双重移相分段控制策略。通过对双重移相下的传输功率进行分段,前段将ZVS作为约束条件,得到基于ZVS条件下的最小回流功率控制策略,后段通过KKT条件法实现在给定传输功率下的最小回流功率控制策略。通过将所提控制策略和传统的双重移相控制对比分析,发现所提控制策略具有更小的回流功率和电流应力,提高了变换器的性能。最后,基于所提控制策略搭建实验样机,验证了控制策略的正确性和有效性。

基于ZVS变频控制的Si/SiC混合ANPC逆变器损耗评估

零电压开通变频控制(variable frequency controlled zero-voltage-switching,VF-ZVS)可在无辅助电路条件下实现零电压开通(zero-voltage-switching,ZVS),进一步提升碳化硅MOSFET逆变器的功率密度。但在三相有源中点钳位逆变器(active-neural-point-converter,ANPC)中,全功率器件ZVS会大幅增加输出电感电流纹波,改变ANPC逆变器的电流续流路径,影响SiC器件损耗分布特征。论文建立电流纹波关于矢量作用时间的分段数学表达式,提出计及电流纹波的SiC器件损耗建模方法,表征VF-ZVS控制下电流纹波对开关管损耗特性的影响规律。进一步,分析VF-ZVS控制下2SiC、4SiC I和4SiC II 3种典型混合ANPC拓扑的新增工作模态特性;利用所提出的损耗模型,评估在不同调制度、全功率等级下上述3种混合拓扑的开关损耗、通态损耗和损耗分布均衡度,并通过6kW SiC实验平台,在不同功率等级下实验验证了SiC器件损耗模型和3种混合拓扑损耗评估结果的正确性。

带谐振负载的ZVS全桥变换器的死区时间优化

目前,对带谐振负载的零电压开关(ZVS)全桥变换器的研究仅限于ZVS支路电感和死区时间的组合,并没有系统的方法来设计死区时间的有效范围。过小或过大的死区时间都会使得ZVS全桥变换器的功率损耗过大,失去ZVS意义。因此,通过分析ZVS全桥变换器的开关过程和功率损耗,合理地设置死区时间有效范围的上限和下限值。同时,依据开关频率和器件特性的工作条件判断死区时间有效范围的存在性。然后,设计一个基于氮化镓器件的ZVS全桥变换器样机,实验结果验证了有效范围内的最佳死区时间可以保证ZVS工作并最大限度地降低功率损耗。

DESIGN OF HIGH VOLTAGE POWER CONVERTER FOR TRAVELING WAVE TUBE AMPLIFIER

Traveling Wave Tubes(TWTs) are widely used in the radar and communications system as RF power amplifiers. A highly sophisticated power supply is required by TWT. In order to meet the severe requirements of Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier(TWTA), a novel two-stage topology high voltage converter for TWTA is proposed.The converter is based on Zero-Voltage Switching and Zero-Current Switching(ZVS/ZCS) resonant techniques. The high voltage converter operation principles are investigated and major features of the converter are discussed. The power switching mode of ZVS/ZCS is obtained. The experimental results show that the converter has good soft switching characteristics. Compared to the conventional hard switched Pulse Width Modulation(PWM) techniques, the high efficiency and low ripple of the converter for TWTA are realized. The efficiency of High Voltage Electronic Power Conditioners(HV-EPC) over 93.5% under the condition of 38~46 V input voltage and 260~300 W input power. The switching frequency of first-stage(preregulator) of HV-EPC is 89 k Hz and the switching frequency of second-stage(postregulator) is 44.5 k Hz. The highest output voltage of the HV-EPC is helix voltage which is about –6.8 kV. It is especially suitable for TWTA utilized in space satellite applications due to its high switching frequency and high power density.

Design and Experimentation of FPGA-Based Soft-Switched Interleaved Boost Converter for Telecommunication System

This paper proposes the design and experimentation of digital control of soft-switched interleaved boost converter using FPGA for Telecommunication System. The switching devices in the proposed converter are turned on and off with Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) and Zero Current Switching (ZCS) respectively. The circuit is operated in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) with various load ranges having duty cycle of more than 50%. The proposed converter is studied by developing the simulation module in MATLAB/SIMULINK. A PI controller is designed and implemented in FPGA to obtain a regulated DC output for line and load variations. Simulation and experimentation results are verified with a prototype development of the proposed converter. The results indicate that the converter performance is enhanced with closed loop control.

Analysis of Light Load Efficiency Characteristics of a Dual Active Bridge Converter Using Wide Band-Gap Devices

In this paper, the zero voltage switching (ZVS) region of a dual active bridge (DAB) converter with wide band-gap (WBG) power semiconductor device is analyzed. The ZVS region of a DAB converter varies depending on output power and voltage ratio. The DAB converters operate with hard switching at light loads, it is difficult to achieve high efficiency. Fortunately, WBG power semiconductor devices have excellent hard switching characteristics and can increase efficiency compared to silicon (Si) devices. In particular, WBG devices can achieve ZVS at low load currents due to their low parasitic output capacitance (Co,tr) characteristics. Therefore, in this paper, the ZVS operating resion is analyzed based on the characteristics of Si, silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN). Power semiconductor devices. WBG devices with low Co,tr operate at ZVS at lower load currents compared to Si devices. To verify this, experiments are conducted and the results are analyzed using a 3 kW DAB converter. For Si devices, ZVS is achieved above 1.4 kW. For WBG devices, ZVS is achieved at 700 W. Due to the ZVS conditions depending on the switching device, the DAB converter using Si devices achieves a power conversion efficiency of 91% at 1.1 kW output. On the other hand, in the case of WBG devices, power conversion efficiency of more than 98% is achieved under 11 kW conditions. In conclusion, it is confirmed that the WBG device operates in ZVS at a lower load compared to the Si device, which is advantageous in increasing light load efficiency.

宽增益高效率CLLLC变换器的变频双移相调制策略

在输入电压宽范围变化时,变频调制CLLLC变换器存在开关频率变化范围宽的问题,而移相调制CLLLC变换器难以实现宽范围零电压导通(ZVS)。为了实现宽输入电压CLLLC变换器的高效率,该文提出一种变频双移相调制方法。通过同时调节开关频率、一次侧全桥和二次侧全桥之间的移相角,拓宽CLLLC变换器的增益并提高其效率。采用时域分析法求解变频双移相调制CLLLC变换器的电压增益与谐振电感电流有效值,并分析频率以及移相角对电压增益和谐振电感电流有效值的影响。最后,通过搭建一台100~300 V输入、48 V/400 W输出的实验样机,验证了理论分析的正确性。

限制调频范围的不对称多模式宽输出LLC变换器

频率控制的传统LLC谐振变换器往往受限于开关频率的有效调节范围,难以实现宽输出电压范围,为此,研究了一种限制调频范围的不对称多模式宽输出LLC谐振变换器。采用双谐振腔且对应两变压器变比不同的不对称结构,能够根据原边开关组合的不同,使得双谐振腔分别工作在单半桥、双半桥和半桥+全桥3种不同的模式,从而获得3种不同的电压增益,并且保证每种模式之间归一化增益调节范围不超过1.5,可以在窄开关频率范围内实现宽输出电压范围。建立300 W的实验样机,验证了所提变换器可实现1~3倍的宽输出电压范围,并且实现了原边开关管的零电压开通和副边二极管的零电流关断,具有良好的软开关性能,验证了变换器的可行性。

二次侧附加电容磁复位正激变换器电气性能分析及参数设计

由于二次侧附加电容磁复位正激变换器具有结构简单等优点,因此有着较好的应用前景,但目前尚未见附加电容对电气性能影响及其设计方法的研究报道。为此,该文通过深入分析附加电容C_(b)对变换器工作模式和能量传输过程的影响,指出变换器存在四种组合工作模式,且励磁电感断续导通模式(DCM)/正激电感连续导通模式(CCM)最佳。C_(b)不仅能将励磁能量传输到负载,还可调节开关管电压应力,在负载不太大时实现续流二极管零电流关断(ZCS)和开关管低电压导通。通过分析C_(b)对变换器电气性能的影响,指出开关管电压应力随C_(b)增大而降低,开关管低电压导通性能随C_(b)和正激电感的减小而提升,并提出了一种确保变换器工作于最佳模式且可最大程度提升电气性能的参数设计方法。实例和实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性和设计方法的可行性。

具有混合控制策略的宽输出双全桥LLC谐振变换器

针对宽输出电压范围应用中传统频率控制的LLC型谐振变换器存在开关频率调节范围宽、循环电流大及难实现高效运行等问题,提出1种具有定频移相-定频PWM混合控制策略的双全桥LLC型谐振变换器,以适用于较宽输出电压范围。其由2个全桥LLC型谐振变换器共用1个桥臂组合而成,输出电压通过定频移相-定频PWM混合控制进行调节,使该谐振变换器实现4倍电压增益范围以获得较宽输出电压,同时解决传统频率控制中循环电流过大及在移相控制移相角小时的软开关不能实现问题,提升系统效率。该转换器开关频率工作在谐振频率点,电压增益与负载无关且有助于磁性元件设计,在全负载范围内实现软开关。最后给出详细的电路工作原理分析并通过仿真进行验证,搭建实验平台验证了所提变换器的可行性和有效性。