Review of the Relocation of General Zhang Fei’s Temple in View of the Three Gorges Dam Project

As a national cultural property,General Zhang Fei’s Temple is the largest ancient architectural complex in the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River.It was built in the Han Dynasty and has a long history of nearly 2,000 years.In 1994,the Chinese government launched the Three Gorges Dam project at the Yangtze River and implemented the largest relocation project for the General Zhang Fei Temple to prevent it from being submerged.The temple was relocated 32 kilometers upstream along with the local people of Yunyang County,and the historic environment was rebuilt on the opposite side of the migrant city of New Yunyang County.The temple was restored successfully and the tradition of offering sacrifices to General Zhang Fei continued in the local community.The relocation project lasted for 8 years and became the largest cultural heritage conservation project of the People’s Republic of China at the end of the 20th century.This paper comprehensively summarizes and reviews the project goals,implementation process,and project highlights of this relocation,so as to provide an important case reference for heritage conservation projects in the future.

A Critical Discourse Analysis of Hedges in Chinese and American Spokespersons’ Remarks at Press Conference

Hedging is a communication strategy frequently used by the spokespersons at the press conference.This thesis intends to find out the ideologies hidden behind those hedges under the guidance of Fairclough’s three-dimensional model.As a research method of linguistics,critical discourse analysis(CDA)aims to reveal the the relationship among language,power and ideology hidden behind the language.This thesis adopts Prince’classification criteria of hedges to identify and count the different types of hedges in the research data selected from Chinese and American government websites.The analysis is conducted at the following three steps:description,interpretation and explanation.The first stage is to recognize and count the hedges in two languages,then to find their similarities and differences and the last step is to find possible reasons for those similarities and differences and the ideologies behind the hedges.Analysis results show that differences in culture values and diplomatic ideology contribute to the different ideologies.

REMARKS ON BOUNDS ON THE DISCREPANCY OF APPROXIMATE SOLUTIONS CONSTRUCTED BY GODUNOV'S SCHEME

The bounds on the discrepancy of approximate solutions constructed by Gedunov's scheme to IVP of isentropic equations of gas dynamics are obtained, Three well-knowu results obtained by Lax for shock waves with small jumps for general quasilinear hyperbolic systems of conservation laws are extended to shock waves for isentropic equations of gas dynamics in a bounded invariant region with ρ=0 as one of boundries of the region. Two counterexamples are given to show that two iuequalities given by Godunov do not hold for all rational numbers γ∈(1, 3]. It seems that the approach by Godunov to obtain the forementioned bounds may not be possible.

A Study on the Pragmatic Strategies of Foreign Ministry Spokesperson's Remarks

As an important diplomacy activity,Foreign Ministry spokesperson’s remarks represent national image and foreign pol icy of a country which is absolutely significant.This article would analyze the pragmatic strategies of Foreign Ministry spokesper son’s remarks from the perspective of journalist’s questioning types and spokesperson’s answering types in order to get a clear idea about how spokesperson tactfully employing pragmatic strategies to handle tough questions and safeguard national interests.

MY ADDITIONAL REMARKS IN SUPPORT OF PROF. HUO MINGYUAN'S ARTICLE

An article entitled "Highly Effective Layout of Water Resources Is the Key Link in Promoting the Sustainable Development of the Regional Economy in Four Provinces (or Autonomous Regions) of the Chinese Northwest," contributed by Prof.Huo Mingyuan and carried in the Bulletin’s No.4,1995 issue(Chinese edition),makes an incisive argument and proposes a 24-word guideline emphasizing water-saving in a short period of time and water diversion for long-term operation.All of these viewpoints are correct.

Introductory Remarks by H.E. Duan Jielong,Head of Chinese Delegation,at the Consideration of the Committee on Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination on China's 10th to 13th Periodic Reports

Madam Chairwoman, Mr. Rapporteur, Distinguished Members of the Committee, First of all, I would like to extend, on behalf of the Chinese delegation, our heartfelt greetings and respects to all the distinguished members of the Committee. The Committee has made enormous efforts and played an important role in promoting the objectives and principles of the International Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. The Chinese Government appreciates your endeavour and will continue to support the work of the Committee.

Zhang Heng's Seismoscope( 1):Its Emergence

The emergence of Zhang Heng's seismoscope has a profound historical background. This paper intends to explore the formation and material basis of Zhang Heng's scientific thought. It appears that the simple intention of "observing visions and distinguishing good fortune or misfortune"was his motivation to develop the seismoscope. Tracing its historical background,the authors proposed in this paper that the development of this seismoscope started around 128 A. D., and based on perceptual knowledge, two ideas about earthquakes came into being,i. e.,earthquake location could be judged according to the instrument shaking direction, and the earthquake and earth split were essentially different. In the instrument manufacture,Zhang Heng advocated a principle of "making utensils to imitate cosmos". By this principle,the following three problems were readily solved: the seismoscope imitated the response of the suspension system to earthquakes( i. e. natural seismoscope). Technically,the trigger mechanism of the latch was used for reference,and it recorded the physical evidence of earthquake occurrence by an ingenious way of a ball dropping from a dragon's mouth. The solution of these three key problems lead to the emergence of the seismoscope in 132 A. D. and the successful detection of an earthquake in 134 A. D. His invention deepened humanity's knowledge of natural laws, and promoted the development of science and technology in that time and later.

ZHANG Heng’s Seismometer and Longxi earthquake in AD 134

Longxi earthquake was the only earthquake example, which ZHANG Heng＇s Seismometer had detected. Therefore this event attracted the attention of the academic circle and also served as crucial evidence to examine the rationality of the reconstructed model of the seismometer. But for a long time, owing to the fact that the Jincheng-Longxi earthquake on February 28, AD 138 was mistaken as the event went against the historical records, it was refuted by the researches of both in China and abroad. By making careful textual research of historical records, especially by analyzing the description of Longxi earthquake of Houhan Shu, by studying the historical background exposed by historical literatures at that time, ZHANG Heng＇s biography, his poems and place names of Han Dynasty, by comparing five earthquakes occurred in Qing Dynasty and their attenuation of seismic intensity, the conclusion can be drawn that the Longxi earthquake should take place on December 13, AD 134 （the third year of Yangjia reign）. As a rough assessment, the epicenter was in Tianshui area and the magnitude was about 7. Due to the political corruption and inability to scientifically explain earthquake phenomenon at the end of Eastern Han Dynasty, a tragedy occurred during the later years of ZHANG Heng＇s life that had direct relations with the earthquake successively occurred in AD 133 and AD 134 after invention of seismometer in AD 132. In order to analyze the ground motion at Lingtai caused by the event in AD 134, the digital broad-band seismic records of three Longxi earthquakes in recent years recorded by Luoyang seismic station are used. The numerical modelings are made from three aspects of seismic magnitude definition, digital broad-band seismograms and empirical Green＇s function method. The results have shown that the maximum horizontal displacement at Lingtai is between 6-8 mm, and the maximum acceleration is less than 10^-2 m/s^2. These results have played an important role in quantitative test of the scientific reconstruction model of ZHANG Heng＇s Seismometer.

Minister Zhang Weiqing on the Goals Of China's Family Planning Programme

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On Vice-President Zhang Baowen's visit to France,Malta and the UK

At the invitation of Jean Jaures Foundation of France,the Maltese Parliament and the 48 Group Club,Mr.Zhang Baowen,Vice-Chairperson of the Standing Committee of NPC (National People’s Congress),Chairman of the Central

Minister Zhang Haoruo on China's Circulation Reform

While China’s internal market potential is getting more and more tempting, Minister Zhang Haoruo of Internal Trade says in the years to come the retail, wholesale and material sectors will be freed up for foreign investment. Foreign businessmen will be welcome to compete in China. The Minister disclose "t that 11 cities had been approved to experiment

Remarkable Achievements in China's Food Industry

China’s food industry is an importantcomponent part of the nationaleconomy.It plays an important rolein satisfying the people’s increasing demandsin their material and cultural life and inbeefing up China’s national economicconstruction.The development of the foodindustry is of very great importance inpromoting the development of the ruralcommodity economy,bringing along thecoordination and development of the relatedindustries such as fodder,packaging,printing,machinery,electronics and fine chemicalindustry,and developing the tertiary industry,

Remarkable Growth of China's Food Import and Export

Along with the rapid development of its foreign trade, China’s food imports and exports have also increased by a large margin in recent years. In 1994, the total value of imports and exports of food in the country reached US$12.

Master Artist Zhang Ding——The Pinnacle in the Ilistory of Modern China's Art

He designed the national emblem of thePeople’s depublic of China, was a primary painterof the mural in the Beijing Capital Airport, ananimator of "Ne Zha Makes Havoc of the Sea", arenowned cartoonist, one of the founders of

Hard Fight Gives Rise to Cleaner Market—An Interview with Mr.Zhang Xinjian on the Rectification of China's Audiovisual Market

Reporter: Deputy Director-General Mr. Zhang, I heard that the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) recently presented a complementary wood board to the Ministry of Culture of China. Could you tell the inside story about it to our readers?Zhang Xinjian: On May 30, a delegation from MPAA led by its vice president paid a visit to my ministry and I had a talk with them on behalf of the Department of Cultural Market. During

Zhang Fangbai's World of Oils

ZHANG Fangbai stands alone in Chinese painting circles. A graduate of the Oil Painting Department of the Central Academy of Fine Arts in 1991, he was a teacher in the Oil Painting Department of the Tianjin Academy of Fine Arts, and also in the Fine Arts Department of the China Youth College of Political Sciences. He is now studying for his Ph.D at the Central Academy of Fine Arts.The most noticeable visual effect of Zhang Fangbai’s works is his use of white, not as background, but as the very nucleus of the work. Having grown up in southern Hunan Province,