Intra-continental deformation and tectonic evolution of the West Junggar Orogenic Belt,Central Asia:Evidence from remote sensing and structural geological analyses

The West Junggar Orogenic Belt(WJOB)in northwestern Xinjiang,China,is located in the core of the western part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB).It has suffered two stage tectonic evolutions in Phanerozoic,before and after the ocean–continental conversion in Late Paleozoic.The later on intracontinental deformation,characterized by the development of the NE-trending West Junggar sinistral strike-slip fault system(WJFS)since Late Carboniferous and Early Permian,and the NW-trending Chingiz-Junggar dextral strike-slip fault(CJF)in Mesozoic and Cenozoic,has an important significance for the tectonic evolution of the WJOB and the CAOB.In this paper,we conduct geometric and kinematic analyses of the WJOB,based on field geological survey and structural interpretation of remote sensing image data.Using some piercing points such as truncated plutons and anticlines,an average magnitude of^73 km for the left-lateral strike-slip is calculated for the Darabut Fault,a major fault of the WJFS.Some partial of the displacement should be accommodated by strike-slip fault-related folds developed during the strike-slip faulting.Circular and curved faults,asymmetrical folds,and irregular contribution of ultramafic bodies,implies potential opposite vertical rotation of the Miao’ergou and the Akebasitao batholiths,resulted from the sinistral strike-slipping along the Darabut Fault.Due to conjugate shearing set of the sinistral WJFS and the dextral CJF since Early Mesozoic,superimposed folds formed with N–S convergence in southwestern part of the WJOB.

A Novel Three-stage Tectonic Model for Mississippi Valleytype Zn-Pb Deposits in Orogenic Fold-and-Thrust Belts

Mississippi Valley-type(MVT) Zn-Pb deposits predominantly form within both orogenic forelands and fold-andthrust belts, yet the mineralization process within the latter tectonic setting remains inadequately understood. This study, through a comprehensive review of MVT deposits across global fold-and-thrust belts, introduces a novel model elucidating the mineralization process in the context of tectonic belt evolution. It is demonstrated that during the stage Ⅰ, regional compression is introduced by early stages of plate convergence, causing the folding and thrusting and creating structural or lithological traps such as evaporite diapirs and unconformity-related carbonate dissolution-collapse structures. Thereafter, in stage Ⅱ, hydrocarbons begin to migrate and accumulate within these traps, where reduced sulfur is generated through thermochemical or bacterial sulfate reduction concurrent with or preceding Zn-Pb mineralization. In the subsequent stage Ⅲ, as plate convergence persists, the regional stress transitions from compression to transpression or extension. Under these conditions, steeply-dipping extensional faults are generated, facilitating the ascent of metalliferous brines into early-formed structural or lithological traps. Precipitation of Zn and Pb sulfides occurs through the mixing of Zn-Pb-transporting fluids with pre-existing reduced sulfur or by interaction with hydrocarbons.

Late Cretaceous Transpressional Fault System: A Case Study of the Yishu Fault Belt, Shandong Province, Eastern China

On the basis of field observations of the structures of three profiles from the Linshu region, deformation characteristics and the tectonic background of the Yishu fault belt in the Late Cretaceous–Early Cenozoic have been discussed in detail.Three structural profiles, whose deformations consist mainly of earlier transpressional faults and later normal faults, were developed for the Mengtuan Formation of the Lower Cretaceous Dasheng Group.Typical positive flower structures, duplex structures, and break-through faults were found in these profiles.On the basis of analyses of the structural deformation and previous geochronological studies, it was concluded that the earlier transpressional faults of the profiles were triggered by the sinistral transpression of the Yishu fault belt in the Late Cretaceous–Early Paleogene, and that the later normal faults, formed during the Late Paleogene–Neogene extension, truncated the earlier transpressional faults.With consideration of the tectonic evolution of the Tan-Lu fault belt and the different drift directions of the Pacific plate since the Cretaceous, we suggest that the major tectonic events of the Late Cretaceous–Neogene in eastern China were mainly controlled by the subduction of the Pacific plate.

A DEEP SEISMIC REFLECTION PROFILE ACROSS ALTUN FAULT BELT

Altun fault is regarded as a large\|scale sinistral strike\|slip fault, it is composed of several faults with the different character, and there is a special geological structure in the fault belt, and they constitute the northwestern margin fault belt of the Qinghai\|Tibetan plateau. In order to investigate the deep crust structure in the Altun region, layers which Tarim lithosphere subducted beneath the Qinghai\|Tibetan plateau, the forward structure of the subduction plate and the scale of the plate subduction, a deep seismic reflection profile was designed. Data collection work of the deep seismic reflection profile across Altun fault was completed during 24/8/1999 to 25/9/1999. The profile locates in Qiemo county, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the southern end of the profile stretches into Altun Mountains, the northern end locates in the Tarim desert margin. The profile is nearly SN trending and crosses the main Altun fault. The profile totally is 145km long, time record is 30 seconds, the smallest explosive amount is 72～100kg, the biggest explosive amount reaches 200～300kg, the explosive distance is 800m, and detectors are laid at a 50m distance.

POSITIVE INVERSION STRUCTURE OF THE CENTRAL STRUCTURE BELT IN TURPAN-HAMI BASIN

The central structure belt in Turpan-Hami basin is composed of the Huoyanshan structure and Qiketai structure formed in late Triassic-early Jurassic, and is characterized by extensional tectonics. The thickness of strata in the hanging wall of the growth fault is obviously larger than that in the footwall,and a deposition center was evolved in the Taibei sag where the hanging wall of the fault is located. In late Jurassic the collision between Lhasa block and Eurasia continent resulted in the transformation of the Turpan-Hami basin from an extensional structure into a compressional structure, and consequently in the tectonic inversion of the central structure belt of the Turpan-Hami basin from the extensional normal fault in the earlier stage to the compressive thrust fault in the later stage. The Tertiary collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate occurred around 55Ma, and this Himalayan orogenic event has played a profound role in shaping the Tianshan area, only the effect of the collision to this area was delayed since it culminated here approximately in late Oligocene-early Miocene. The central structure belt was strongly deformed and thrusted above the ground as a result of this tectonic event.

海拉尔盆地中部断陷带下白垩统南屯组致密储层特征及有利区预测

综合运用岩心分析、铸体薄片、高压压汞等资料,对海拉尔盆地中部断陷带下白垩统南屯组储层特征及其主控因素开展了详细研究,并对有利区进行了定量综合评价。研究结果表明:(1)海拉尔盆地中部断陷带南屯组岩石类型主要为岩屑砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩,储层孔隙度小于12%的样品数占总样品数的70.2%,渗透率小于1 mD的样品数占总样品数的66.3%,属于致密砂岩储层,储层储集空间主要为少量原生孔隙和大量次生溶蚀孔隙。(2)沉积相控制了研究区储层物性在空间上的总体分布规律,南屯组最有利的沉积相带是辫状河三角洲前缘和扇三角洲前缘亚相;压实作用对储层具有减孔效应,溶蚀作用普遍发育,形成了大量粒间和粒内溶孔,对储集性具有一定改善作用。(3)盆地中部断陷带发育缓坡断阶构造带、陡坡断阶构造带和洼槽带3种构造带,其中缓坡断阶构造带和陡坡断阶构造带为主要的油气聚集区带,其断裂的大量发育均早于或同期于烃源岩大量排烃阶段,为油气运移提供了通道。(4)将“沉积相-孔隙度-储层厚度-砂地比-埋藏深度”五要素进行叠合,定量评价有利储层发育区,其中Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类优质储层主要分布在盆地中部断陷带的缓坡断阶构造带和陡坡断阶构造带。

塔里木盆地东北缘吐格尔明背斜和阳北断裂带构造分析

吐格尔明背斜和阳北断裂位于塔里木盆地北缘,南天山山前库车褶皱冲断带的东段,两者均为基底卷入型构造。阳北断裂是一个反转构造,其变形历史可以追溯到侏罗纪—白垩纪的正断层;新生代构造反转,发生了多期冲断变形加速期,分别发生于白垩纪末—古近纪初、古近纪末—新近纪初、中新世早期、上新世和第四纪。吐格尔明背斜构造带是阳北断裂中新世早期及以后的冲断作用派生出来的一个次级基底卷入型构造变形带。它由吐格尔明背斜及其南、北两条呈背冲关系的逆冲断层组成。背斜核部元古宇变质岩出露地表;中、新生界直接不整合于变质岩之上,缺失全部古生界,说明研究区可能属于一个长期存在的古生代古隆起。

渝东南地区南川区块膝折构造模式解析

近年来,南川区块逆冲推覆构造带下志留统龙马溪组页岩气勘探开发取得重大突破。截至2022年底,南川区块已完钻170口井,累计产气量51.6×10^(8) m^(3)。随着滚动开发的逐步推进,开发区域也由主体构造简单区向两翼构造复杂区过渡,前期的构造解释方案将南川区块各构造单元解释为大断距逆断层夹持的断背斜,并没有深入分析整个构造带的构造变形特征,因此,近年部署的几口扩边评价井存在较大的井震矛盾,造成了多口井的钻探失利,限制了页岩气开发产建的进程。综合前期钻探认识及正演模拟分析,认为南川区块龙马溪组地震剖面上显示的大断距高角度逆冲断层多为构造假象,断裂区多为高陡膝折构造,断距小、地层陡。通过高陡构造假象分析与识别,结合断层相关褶皱理论完善解释成果,井震联合构造建模逐步落实了南川区块龙马溪组气藏的构造特征,进而提出了高陡膝折带是龙马溪组页岩气勘探开发的潜在有利目标,在此基础上部署的5口评价井,均取得了较好的测试效果。

渤海湾盆地惠民凹陷中央隆起带张扭性断裂演化的构造物理模拟研究

惠民凹陷位于渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷西部,新生代时期经历了南北向伸展,形成了典型的“北断南超”半地堑结构。平面上,惠民凹陷中央隆起带发育了NE至近EW向的张扭断裂体系;垂向上,中央隆起带断裂体系从深部到浅部呈现出由雁列式分段到逐渐连接贯通的特征。目前对惠民凹陷中央隆起带断裂体系的结构特征有了较好的刻画,但是对于该断裂体系形成的运动学过程及其控制因素仍然停留在描述阶段。文章设计了一组张扭构造物理模拟实验,以探究惠民中央隆起带断裂构造演化过程及其控制因素。实验再现了惠民凹陷中央隆起带断裂体系在平面上由早期孤立分段、侧向传播、最终贯通的三个阶段;在剖面上也很好对应了中央隆起带沿走向由共轭断裂系向阶梯式断裂的结构转变特征。基于粒子成像测速(PIV)的应变分析,文章构建了三阶段的应变—断层距离统计图,揭示了各分段断裂由早期无连接,经历侧向生长,从软连接到硬连接的构造演化过程。研究证实在南北向区域伸展作用下,盆地基底NEE向先存断裂的活化是惠民凹陷中央隆起带张扭构造形成的根本原因。文章利用砂箱构造物理模拟实验揭示了惠民凹陷中央隆起带断裂发育的机制,可为类似的张扭性断陷盆地的断裂演化与油气成藏研究提供有益的启示。

大娄山构造带茅台向斜中-新生代多期叠加改造变形特征

中国西南地区是地震灾害的频发区,研究该地区的构造变形特征,对认识西南地区地震等灾害的发育机理具有重要意义。大娄山构造带位于四川盆地东南缘,该构造带发育了复杂的构造变形样式,记录了中-新生代以来华南板块构造变形的详细信息。茅台向斜位于大娄山构造带内部,发育了典型的叠加褶皱构造样式,该样式是揭示大娄山构造带中-新生代构造变形特征的关键。在前人研究的基础上,通过对茅台向斜的构造解析,认为茅台向斜中-新生代以来经历了三期挤压变形过程。第一期(D_(1))表现为在侏罗系及其以下地层中发育走向近NE-SW的向斜构造,古应力场反演结果表明受到近NW-SE向挤压作用,结合区域性角度不整合及卷入变形的最新地层,该期构造变形发生于侏罗纪末期,其动力来源于古太平洋板块的俯冲作用。第二期(D_(2))变形表现为对早期近NE-SW向褶皱构造被NE-SW向挤压作用的叠加改造,古应力场反演结果表明受到NE-SW向挤压作用,结合区域角度不整合特征,该期构造变形发生在古近纪末期,其动力来源于青藏高原初期的向外隆升扩展。第三期(D_(3))构造变形特征表现为近N-S向挤压构造的发育,结合区域性角度不整合及卷入变形的最新地层,该期构造变形时间为新近纪末期,其动力来源于青藏高原的向东逃逸扩展。

西湖凹陷玉泉构造油气成藏时空匹配关系研究

以地质录井资料为基础,结合流体包裹体、自生伊利石同位素等地球化学资料,运用平衡剖面、盆地模拟技术,研究玉泉构造断裂演化史、圈闭发育史、埋藏史、成岩史、生烃史、油气成藏史及其时空匹配关系。研究表明:玉泉构造经历了前挤压反转期、挤压反转早期和挤压反转晚期3个阶段,其中挤压反转早期和晚期为NWW向调节断层和圈闭发育、定型的关键阶段;花港组下段H6—H7自13.0 Ma以来油气持续充注成藏至今,储层物性较差,花港组上段为13.0~11.4 Ma和4.2 Ma至今两期油气充注成藏,且第二期为主要油气成藏期,储层物性较好,龙井组为3.4 Ma至今一期充注成藏,储层物性好。总结出玉泉构造寻找有利勘探目标的关键条件为:以花港组上段为勘探主要目的层,靠近早期发育的NNE油源断层,避开晚期NWW向调节断层,指出玉泉3井区北部、玉泉1井区北部花港组上段以及玉泉3井区NWW向断层上盘龙井组、玉泉1井区龙井组上段为有利勘探区。

胶带机液压制动装置结构设计优化分析

针对胶带输送机液压制动装置存在的部件磨损加剧、油液易污染等问题,探讨提升系统制动性能和可靠性的结构优化设计方法。通过对液压缸、制动片/盘、控制阀组等关键部件进行分析,给出改善密封性、减小摩擦、强化散热以及降低噪声的具体措施。此外,采用故障诊断技术,实现了对阀芯卡涩、密封失效等典型故障的精准识别。研究表明,提出的结构优化设计方法可显著提升液压制动系统的动态响应性能和能量利用效率,延长其使用寿命,为实现胶带输送机的安全高效运行奠定了基础。

A Large-scale Tertiary Salt Nappe Complex in the Leading Edge of the Kuqa Foreland Fold-Thrust Belt, the Tarim Basin, Northwest China

The tectono-stratigraphic sequences of the Kuqa foreland fold-thrust belt in the northern Tarim basin, northwest China, can be divided into the Mesozoic sub-salt sequence, the Paleocene-Eocene salt sequence and the Oligocene-Quaternary supra-salt sequence. The salt sequence is composed mainly of light grey halite, gypsum, marl and brown elastics. A variety of salt-related structures have developed in the Kuqa foreland fold belt, in which the most fascinating structures are salt nappe complex. Based on field observation, seismic interpretation and drilling data, a large-scale salt nappe complex has been identified. It trends approximately east-west for over 200 km and occurs along the west Qiulitag Mountains. Its thrusting displacement is over 30 km. The salt nappe complex appears as an arcuate zone projecting southwestwards along the leading edge of the Kuqa foreland fold belt. The major thrust fault is developed along the Paleocene-Eocene salt beds. The allochthonous nappes comprise large north-dipping faulting monoclines which are made up of Paleocene-Pliocene sediments. Geological analysis and cross-section restoration revealed that the salt nappes were mainly formed at the late Himalayan stage (c.a. 1.64 Ma BP) and have been active until the present day. Because of inhomogeneous thrusting, a great difference may exist in thrust displacement, thrust occurrence, superimposition of allochthonous and autochthonous sequences and the development of the salt-related structures, which indicates the segmentation along the salt nappes. Regional compression, gravitational gliding and spreading controlled the formation and evolution of the salt nappe complex in the Kuqa foreland fold belt.

Regional metallogenic structure based on aeromagnetic data in northern Chile

Chile is a very important country that forms part of the Andean metallogenic belts. The Atacama and Domeyko fault systems in northern Chile control the tectonic- magmatic activities that migrate eastward and the types of mineral resources. In this paper, we processed and interpreted aeromagnetic data from northern Chile using reduction to pole, upward field continuation, the second derivative calculation in the vertical direction, inclination angle calculation, and analytical signal amplitude analysis. We revealed the locations and planar distribution characteristics of the regional deep faults along the NNE and NS directions. Furthermore, we observed that the major reasons for the formation of the tectonic-magmatic rocks belts were the nearly parallel deep faults distributed from west to east and multiple magmatic activities along these faults. We ascertained the locations of volcanic mechanisms and the relationships between them using these regional deep faults. We deduced the spatial distributions of the basic-intermediate, basic, and acidic igneous rocks, intrusive rocks, and sedimentary sequences. We showed the linear positive magnetic anomalies and magnetic anomaly gradient zones by slowly varying the background, negative magnetic anomaly field, which indicated the presence of strong magmatic activities in these regional deep faults; it also revealed the favorable areas of copper and polymetallic mineralization. This study provides some basic information for further research on the geology, structural characteristics, and mineral resource prospecting in northern Chile.

Initiation Timing of the Jiamusi–Yitong Fault Zone in NE China

The NE-striking Jiamusi-Yitong fault zone(JYFZ) is the most important branch in the northern segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone. The precise shearing time of its large-scale sinistral strike-slip has yet to determined and must be constrained. Detailed field investigations and comprehensive analyses show that strike-slip faults or ductile shear belts exist as origination structures along the western region of Yitong Graben. The strike of the shear belts trend to the NE-SW with steep mylonitic foliation. The zircon U-Pb dating result for the granite was 264.1±1 Ma in the ductile shear belt of the JYFZ. The microstructural observation(rotated feldspar porphyroclasts, S-C fabrics, and quartz c-axis fabrics, etc.) demonstrated the sinistral shearing of the ductile shear zones. Moreover, the recrystallized quartz types show a transitional stage of the subgrain rotation toward the recrystallization of the grain boundary migration(SR-GBM). Therefore, we suggest that the metamorphic grade of the shear zone in the ductile shear zones should have reached high greenschist facies conditions, and the deformation temperatures should approximately 450-500°C, which is obviously higher than the blocking temperature of muscovite(300-400°C). Hence, the ^40Ar/^39Ar isochron age of muscovite from ductile shear zones should be a cooling age(162.7±1 Ma). We infer that the sinistral strike-slipping event at the JYFZ occurred in the late Jurassic period, and it was further inferred from the ages of the main geological events in this region that the second sinistral strike-slip age of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone occurred during the period of tectonic movements in the Circum-Pacific tectonic domain. This discovery also indicates the age of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone that stretches to northeastern China. The initiation of the JYFZ in the late Jurassic is related to the speed and direction of oblique subduction of the west Pacific Plate under the Eurasian continent and is responsible for collision during the Jurassic period.

渤海428构造带前新生代构造特征及其演化

渤海428构造带位于石臼坨凸起东倾没端,是渤海有利的潜山勘探地区。428构造带前新生代经历了复杂的构造演化过程,断裂和地层发育复杂。利用三维地震资料,结合钻井资料进行精细解释,建立428构造带前新生代构造-地层格架,并对构造带东、西部断裂发育特征、地层分布以及构造演化过程进行分析。研究表明:(1)428构造带下古生界东薄西厚;上古生界仅在构造带东部发育,西部缺失;中生界全区广泛发育,仅在428构造带东局部区域缺失。该区前新生界发育具有明显的“跷跷板”式特征。(2)428构造带主要发育伸展-改造型断裂、逆冲-改造型断裂和伸展断裂,在剖面上多表现为地垒式、地堑式、多米诺式、似花状构造、Y字和反Y字形构造等组合样式。断裂活动时期可分为中期活动、晚期活动和长期活动3种。(3)428构造带构造演化过程可分为加里东—海西期差异隆升、印支期挤压逆冲、燕山期挤压—伸展—再挤压以及喜山期伸展—走滑叠加等演化阶段。基底断裂的继承性活动、应力场方向以及应力性质转变是导致428构造带前新生代“跷跷板”式构造演化的原因。

山东省蓬莱-栖霞金成矿带地壳结构对金成矿的约束

岩浆活动和构造活动是胶东地区金成矿的主要成矿要素,建立岩浆活动和构造活动间的成因联系是成矿机理研究的重要内容。本次贯穿笏山金矿和蓬莱-栖霞断裂带的高精度反射地震剖面测量显示,控矿的陡崖-台前断裂为地壳浅层的铲式断裂,其深部与垂向的蓬莱-栖霞断裂带的主干断裂栖霞-杨础断裂相交。栖霞-杨础断裂切穿地壳,表现出走滑断裂特征,沿断裂存在岩浆活动行迹。蓬莱-栖霞金矿带为以解宋营-紫现头断裂、栖霞-杨础断裂为主干,发育的右旋走滑断裂构造系统。岩浆活动和成矿作用分布于构造系统的局部张性域内。研究表明:胶东地区存在以剪切走滑为主控的构造活动和沿垂直地壳的剪切带与之耦合的岩浆活动。在此基础上,提出了以岩石剪切破裂模式为基础的,右旋走滑断裂控制的岩浆活动和成矿作用相耦合的基于岩石圈剪切破裂的成矿系统模型。

张家口—渤海地震带天津—塘沽段的电性结构及其意义

华北北部的张家口—渤海地震带是一条新生地震断裂带。位于其中段的蓟运河断裂构成了唐山菱形块体的西边界,一直被认为与1979年宁河M 6.9地震密切相关。然而,该区域的深部结构与孕震动力学环境尚未得到有效揭示。大港—玉田大地电磁测深剖面直接穿越宁河M 6.9地震的震中区,大致与张家口—渤海断裂带相垂直。探测结果显示,区域电性结构具有显著的“横向分块、纵向分层”特征。大地电磁测深剖面还揭示了张家口—渤海断裂带中段的海河断裂、汉沽断裂、蓟运河断裂等区域性断裂的深部构造特征,且汉沽断裂可能为切穿地壳的深断裂。深部低阻体边缘的高低阻梯度带与宁河M 6.9地震和汉沽两次M 6.2地震的震中具有良好的对应关系,揭示了研究区中强地震的发生与深部显著高低阻梯度带的发育密切相关。

新疆拜城连续两次5级地震发震构造浅析

2020—2021年在库车坳陷西段的拜城盆地北缘同一构造区内先后两次发生5级破坏性地震,地震造成大量房屋损毁和人员伤亡,尤其是2021年3月24日拜城MS5.4地震,地震不仅造成大量建筑物损毁和数人死亡,还在拜城盆地北缘的吐孜玛扎背斜西倾伏端发现一条长约4 km的左旋走滑同震地表破裂带。震中地质调查发现,在吐孜玛扎背斜带南翼发育一条N倾的逆冲断层,沿断层断错距今79.9±9.6 ka以来的山前洪积扇和河流低阶地,晚第四纪以来断层垂直活动速率为0.16 mm/a。综合对比两次地震的余震序列、震源机制解和地表破裂特征,两次地震的发震构造背景相同,断层断错类型一致,产生原因为背斜内部含盐构造在挤压环境下脆性破裂,构造成因上应属于“挤压盐构造地震”。同时,由于挤压盐构造通常埋深较浅,使得它能够产生浅源、超浅源的地震,这也是拜城两次5级地震造成了异常严重破坏的主要原因之一。

四川盆地新场构造带深层须二段致密砂岩断褶裂缝体特征和地质模式

针对四川盆地川西坳陷新场构造带上三叠统须家河组二段(简称须二段)储量动用率低、气藏甜点地质模式认识不清的问题,基于大量岩心、野外露头、分析化验和井震资料,精细解剖新场构造带须二段气藏,提出断褶裂缝体概念并划分其类型,分析裂缝发育主控因素,建立断褶裂缝体地质模式。研究表明:(1)断褶裂缝体是指断裂、褶皱及其伴生的裂缝储集体;(2)根据裂缝体特征及成因,可进一步划分为断缝体、褶缝体和断褶体3种类型;(3)断裂上盘、越靠近断裂有效裂缝越发育,褶皱褶曲幅度越大、越靠近褶皱枢纽面有效裂缝越发育;(4)建立2类5型断褶裂缝体地质模式,分别为断褶裂缝类和基质储渗类,前者可分为网状缝型和单构造缝型,后者可分为层理缝型、低渗孔隙型和极低渗孔隙型。此外,建立断褶裂缝体有利区优选流程,提出有利开发目标,支撑井位部署获得高产,并可以为中国深层致密砂岩油气藏勘探开发提供借鉴。