The Impact of the Establishment of National High-tech Zones on Total Factor Productivity of Chinese Enterprises

The National High-tech Zone(NHTZs)is an important strategic platform for cultivating high-tech industries and realizing high-quality economic development in China.Based on the combined data from 2006 to 2014 of the industrial enterprise database,the customs database,and the China Development Zones Audit and Announcement Catalogue(abbreviated asthe Catalogue),this paper systematically investigates the influence of the construction of NHTZs on enterprise’s total factor productivity(TFP).Results show that NHTZs have a positive impact on the TFP of enterprises in the zone,and this conclusion is still valid after considering endogeneity problems.Furthermore,the above productivity effects of NHTZs are heterogeneous in terms of enterprise ownership,external environment and establishment time,and NHTZs have greater stimulation effects on enterprise productivity after comparing with other types of functional zones.An investigation of the specific mechanisms at play shows that NHTZs promote the TFP of enterprises in the zone through the release of preferential policies,strengthening the“technology spillover effects”of imported intermediate goods,enhancing enterprise’s innovation ability and attracting talent.In addition,based on the decomposition of industry productivity,this paper also investigates the impact of NHTZs on changes in industry productivity and finds that NHTZs promote the overall productivity of specific industries mainly by stimulating the productivity improvement of incumbent enterprises and expanding the market share of high-productivity enterprises.Moreover,the preferential policies of NHTZs do not significantly stimulate high-productivity enterprises to enter the zones,nor do they cause low-productivity enterprises to exit.This research is helpful in objectively evaluating the economic effects of the NHTZs in China and in providing a theoretical basis for its further adjustment.

A Study on Theoretical Model and Applied Evaluation of Land Use Performance of High-tech Zone in Urban Fringe: A Case Study in Haidian District, Beijing

High-tech industrial zone is an important carrier for constructing innovative cities. It also plays an important role in implementing the national independent innovative strategy. How-ever, most of the high-tech industrial zones have many problems in their development process, such as efficiency of land use, weakness of oriented function and lack of land intensive. To solve these problems, the authors of this paper introduced the concept of land use performance and established the theoretical model to assess the land use performance of high-tech industrial zones. The model consists of the following three-dimensional parts: land use benefit, land use efficiency and innovative function. Based on this theory model, an index system which was composed of three secondary indictors, eight tertiary indictors and 37 fourth-grade indictors was set up to evaluate the land use performance of high-tech zone. To avoid the defects of plus model and function model, the authors brought out a three-dimensional evaluation model to examine the index of the land use performance of the high-tech industrial parks, which equals to the evaluation indicator system of land use performance of high-tech zone based on the above research. The authors examined the land use performance of five different high-tech industrial parks in Haidian District, Beijing City. The results indicated that the indicator system per-forms better in the aspect of evaluating land use benefit, land use efficiency and function of the high-tech industrial zone compared with other models.

The Role of China's High-Tech Zones in Its Regional Economic Development

National high-tech industrial development zones represent a major strategy of the Chinese government in developing high-tech industries and spurring regional economic growth. The effect of this policy is yet to be proven. Based on the panel data of 283 Chinese cities between 1984 and 2012, this paper investigates the effect of high-tech zones on regional economic development. Empirical results suggest that first, national hightech zones have remarkably enhanced regional GDP and per capita GDP growth, and this conclusion still holds true after multiple rounds of robustness test; second, the economic effect of national high-tech zones is subject to diminishing marginal return and compared with higher-tier cities, lower-tier cities benefited more from the creation of national hightech zones. This paper concludes that national high-tech zones where special policies are experimented and offered not only drive economic development but, if properly distributed across regions, may help reduce regional economic disparities as well. The results of this study provide important implications for the future distribution of national high-tech zones and the creation of other relevant policies.

Spatial Pattern Evolution and Industrial Characteristics of Economic and Technological Development Zones and High-tech Industrial Zones in China

Economic and technological development zone and high-tech industrial zone are important types of development zone in China,and there are differences in their connotation and goal setting.In this paper,basic data of national and provincial economic and technological development zones and high-tech industrial zones in China were collected and arranged.Kernel density analysis and other GIS spatial analysis techniques were used to analyze the evolution laws of spatial patterns of economic and technological development zones and high-tech industrial zones in cities from 2006 to 2018.First,the agglomeration intensity was compared by measuring the degree of regional agglomeration and dispersion on the two time nodes.Next,kernel density method was used to explore the evolution of the two in the spatial layout and location,and analyze development commonness and difference of economic and technological development zones and high-tech industrial zones.Finally,the trend and reason of spatial evolution of development zones with different leading industries were explored.Research results show that:①the agglomeration degree of layout of high-tech industrial zones is stronger than that of economic and technological development zones,and there are similarities and differences in distribution trend of spatial patterns of the two types of development zones;②the distribution of labor-intensive,capital-intensive and technology-intensive development zones is concentrated at smaller scales and dispersed at larger ones;③although there are differences between the economic and technological development zones and the high-tech industrial zones in the goal,support,structure and function,management system and so on,their spatial development presents a trend of convergence.In the future,when enhancing urban-rural planning and public administration,governments should combine the trend of industrial transformation and upgrading,and optimize spatial layout of development zones by adjusting industrial structure,layout,transportation and land use.

A Study of the Industrial Development in Huazhong Agricultural High-tech Industrial Development Zone

This paper illustrates the current situation and problems concerning the industrial structure in Huazhong Agricultural High-tech Industrial Development Zone,and analyzes the internal contradictions that exist in industry: small-scale land operation has become an inherent obstacle to the industrial development in Agricultural High-tech Zone; farmers are always in a passive position in industrial restructuring optimization; government's policy failures and rent-seeking behaviors have hindered industrial development; the research,popularization and application of agricultural science and technology is not suited to industrial development requirements. Finally,this paper makes the corresponding recommendations for industrial development in Huazhong Agricultural High-tech Industrial Development Zone.

Comprehensive Control Measures and Effect Evaluation of Groundwater Over-exploitation Areas in High-tech Zone,Jining in 2020

Groundwater over-exploitation is a major problem in groundwater development, utilization and protection. At present, the area of shallow groundwater over-exploitation in the High-tech Zone is 76 km^(2). In this study, the system and mechanism construction, engineering measure construction, and control effect of national comprehensive control project of groundwater over-exploitation areas in the High-tech Zone in 2020 were evaluated, and the comprehensive control of groundwater over-exploitation in the High-tech Zone in the year was summarized to provide effective basis for the continuous implementation of comprehensive control of groundwater over-exploitation. At the same time, the water-saving and exploitation reduction effect and generalizability of different measures were studied to provide useful reference for other over-exploitation areas.

Economic Development Strategies and Optimization of High-tech Development Zones from the Perspective of"Four-transform and Three-famous":Taking Nanchang High-tech Development Zone as an Example

In recent years,high-tech development zones(hi-tech zones)have always occupied a very important position in the strategy of promoting China's innovative development.The combination of the"four-transform and three-famous"coordinated economic development strategy pioneered by Zhejiang Province in 2015 and the coordinated economic development of high-tech zones is particularly important for modern China at a critical time for innovative economic development.In this article,based on the research on the coordination mechanism of economic activities and development of Nanchang High-tech Zone,the development course of high-tech zones in China is elaborated,the early economic models in high-tech zones of Nanchang and China are analyzed,the existing problems in the structure of economic development of high-tech zones are analyzed in depth,the main driving factors for promoting the economic development of high-tech zones are studied from the aspects of capital,space,industry,economic model,etc.,and corresponding development strategies for high-tech development zones in China are proposed.

Evolution of Industrial Competitiveness Based on Evaluation of Urban Competitiveness of Dongguan City:A Case Study of Songshan Lake High-tech Zone

Based on the theoretical system of urban competitiveness,the evaluation model of urban competitiveness from the perspective of competition and cooperation was established.According to the significance index and explanatory index,the urban competitiveness was divided into urban comprehensive competitiveness(UC),urban internal node competitiveness(NC)and external competitiveness of urban network(EC).The scores and rankings of UC,NC and EC in 2006,2010 and 2015 were obtained by conducting the comprehensive evaluation of the urban competitiveness of Dongguan City with integrated usage of the principal component analysis and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution and the data of other 20 cities in Guangdong province,Hong Kong and Macao.The research showed that the competitiveness of Dongguan City has been greatly improved during the decade of 2006–2015,and the regional cities in Guangdong Province had significant differences,which are reflected in the two dimensions of urban internal node competitiveness(NC)and external competitiveness of urban network(EC).Based on this,this study further analyzed Dongguan’s urban competitiveness from two dimensions of NC and EC,and took Dongguan Songshan Lake High-tech Zone as an example to study how to promote Dongguan’s urban competitiveness from the industrial level.

High-tech Industrial Development Zones in Nanjing,Suzhou,Changzhou and Wuxi

Nanjing High-tech Industrial Devel-opment Zone It is a state-level high-tech in-dustrial development zone approved by theState Council, with an area of 16.5 sq km,comprising seven sq km of industrial area,five sq km of Taiwan invested area, three sqkm of university teaching and scientificresearch area and 1.5 sq km of compositeservice area. The development zone is 13.5 kmfrom the city center, with convenient trafficconditions, three state highways and a pro-

Characteristics and Development Modes of Standardization forChina's National High-Tech Zones:A Review

Indigenous innovation focused on the development of technical standards has become the core of China's innovation policy,since China released the "Outline of the National Program for Longand Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development (2006-2020)" in 2006.Meanwhile,standardization issues are greatly emphasized by high-tech zones which serve as the major carriers of national economic growth as well as innovation clusters in the context of fast-growing international standardization.By means of the effective guide of the government,the standardization of high-tech zones in China now presents a wide range of operating modes.Specifically,they can be divided predominantly into the government promotion mode,the alliance collaboration mode,the research-standard-industry linkage mode,and the talent training mode,in terms of the main body of work and influence factors.

High-tech Industrial Zones Take Lead in Industrial Innovation

China’s 56 leading high-tech industrial zones have led the country’s industrial innovation, playing an important role in the nation’s social and economic development, a government statement said on Jan 1.

厦漳泉都市圈跨城通勤特征及其影响因素——以角美镇跨城通勤者为例

以厦漳泉都市圈的角美镇台商投资区为例,基于问卷调查和深入访谈获得的数据和资料,对比分析通勤者的群体特征、通勤模式和通勤路径,构建框架解释角美镇跨城通勤的形成机制,最后探析其对海峡两岸融合发展的影响。研究发现:与一般通勤者相比,跨城通勤者群体具有高学历、高收入、社会经验丰富,以及通勤时间和通勤花费都略高的特征;通勤方式以机动车出行、公共交通出行、组合出行方式为主,通勤路径主要有漳州—厦门和厦门—漳州两类;跨城通勤行为的产生是两地间的产业转移与承接,住房、公共服务、交通设施的差异与互补,以及相同的语言风俗文化共同作用的产物;案例地跨城通勤的发展壮大对建立海峡两岸产业发展示范园起到一定的促进作用。

基于大数据处理的漳州市果树寒害风险区划

利用漳州市1981—2018年的地面气象观测资料和DEM高程数据,结合前人研究的香蕉、莲雾寒害等级指标,采用高斯核函数的核密度估计、相关性分析、回归分析和反距离加权平均等大数据处理方法,构建了以寒害过程为基础的寒害综合气候灾害因子,编制了漳州地区香蕉、莲雾寒害等级风险概率地理分布图和寒害气候风险区划图。结果显示:香蕉和莲雾在漳州市的综合气候风险指数值大体呈现由西北向东南降低的趋势,西北内陆地区的综合气候风险指数值普遍较高,东南沿海地区的风险指数值普遍较低。本研究在量化寒害风险信息的同时,也为农业生产部门制定适宜的防灾减灾政策及措施提供了科学依据。

福建漳州地热田及其邻近地区的地壳深部构造特征

本文根据1985—1986年在福建省穿过漳州热田地区完成的一条NNE向地震折射剖面资料,采用一维与二维射线追踪和理论地震图拟合、反演等方法,获得了该地区比较详细的地壳与上地幔顶部结构及速度分布图像.结果表明:漳州热田地区正好位于一个地壳厚度突变带上,从漳州市往南向海岸方向地壳上隆,厚度只有29.5km,往北迅速加大到32.0 km左右;在这个突变带上地壳内所有速度界面均发生扭曲甚至错动,它可能是一个断裂带;地壳中部有一个横向延伸有限的低速区,其最低速度小于5.80km/s,顶部深度大于10.2km,这个低速区正好位于漳州市下方的地壳突变带上.作者推断它很可能就是漳州热田的壳内热源体,并可能是一个部分熔融体.

浅析开发区与城市的互动发展——以漳州市区为例

开发区与城市有先天的内在联系,开发区从属于它所依托的城市,同时开发区的发展又推动城市自身的发展.文章以漳州市区为例,分析了开发区因城市的发展而产生,开发区的建设依靠城市的基础设施及科研基础,而开发区的发展也带动城市经济的快速健康发展、促进城市的产业空间重构、拓展城市发展空间并吸引人口向城市集中,二者的良性互动加速了城市化的进程.

城市色彩探析——以福建漳州城市色彩规划为例

城市色彩是构建城市形象的重要元素,应把城市色彩规划纳入城市整体规划中,从自然环境、文化背景、城市建筑等角度探析城市色彩的构成要素,通过分区规划城市色彩,形成以人为本、整体和谐的城市色彩体系.

翻译补偿视角下的公示语研究

本文通过实地调查取样,从翻译补偿视角将公示语误译现象分为三类,即:语言损失、文化损失和交际损失,再根据三类损失的特点给出相应的翻译补偿策略,可以从根本上解决公示语英译的规范化问题。

耦合生态系统服务供求关系的生态安全格局动态分析——以闽三角城市群为例

实现分区管理是缓解城市群生态安全空间差异的有利途径。基于供求理论构建了生态系统服务供求关系动态模型框架,并利用供给与需求的象限区划表征闽三角城市群生态安全格局;在不同的尺度变换上,运用价值单量修正模型、INVEST生境质量模型、景观指数模型、生态韧性模型、熵权法等方法综合测度城市群生态系统服务供求水平,实现生态安全格局的分区化;引入环境库兹涅茨曲线理论解析区域生态安全格局现状和成因;数据分析借助Arc GIS可视化表示。研究发现:(1)闽三角城市群存在50%区域属于生态安全高供给失衡区,其中70%属漳州市境内;32.14%属于高需求失衡区,集中于市辖区与沿海地区;17.86%属于双维度失衡区;未存在单元位于双维度共赢区上。(2)区域生态系统服务供给颇佳而需求滞后,城市群东南沿海区域与周边区域格局差异明显,供给(需求)呈现由沿海向内陆梯次增(减)的空间分异规律。(3)城市群尚处于生态安全库兹涅茨曲线的"两难阶段",同时导致了城市群生态安全格局空间异质性的产生。

海西经济区发展背景下的漳州土地整治分区研究

海西经济区为漳州提供了新的发展机遇,对漳州土地整治提出新的要求。该研究首先分析海西经济区背景下的漳州发展与土地整治的逻辑关系,探讨漳州土地整治对于模式的迫切需要;进而综合考虑土地开发利用、资源禀赋等多种因素,给出漳州在海西经济区发展背景下的3种土地整治模式;最后将各种模式与具体地域进行对应,形成3个土地整治区,分析了每个区实现自身土地整治目标方向的具体条件。