Multiple Uplift and Exhumation of the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau:Evidence from Low-Temperature Thermochronology

Since the Cenozoic,the Tibetan Plateau has experienced large-scale uplift and outgrowth due to the India-Asia collision.However,the mechanism and timing of these tectonic processes still remain debated.Here,using apatite fission track dating and inverse thermal modeling,we explore the mechanism of different phases of rapid cooling for different batholiths and intrusions in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau.In contrast to previous views,we find that the coeval granitic batholith exposed in the same tectonic zone experienced differential fast uplift in different sites,indicating that the present Tibetan Plateau was the result of differential uplift rather than the entire lithosphere uplift related to lithospheric collapse during Cenozoic times.In addition,we also suggest that the 5-2 Ma mantle-related magmatism should be regarded as the critical trigger for the widely coeval cooling event in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau,because it led to the increase in atmospheric CO_(2)level and a hotter upper crust than before,which are efficient for suddenly fast rock weathering and erosion.Finally,we propose that the current landform of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau was the combined influences of tectonic and climate.

AI机器学习:体育消费实验Uplift因果模型研究

2019年Metalearners for Estimating Heterogeneous Treatment Effects using Machine Learning的发表引发了世界因果推断理论的研究热情。目前,机器学习与因果推断论中的许多统计模型已被广泛应用。本文采用文献资料法、数理统计分析方法、案例研究法等研究方法,研究推演现代因果推断理论中较为知名的Uplift因果模型在体育中的应用场景,其中Uplift因果模型包括S-learner(单模型)、T-learner(双模型)、X-learner(交叉训练模型)。结果显示,在体育消费随机对照实验中应用Uplift因果模型,可以基于基本模型进一步推导出各变量因素之间的因果关系,验证并分析自变量对因变量变化的影响;率先在体育消费市场研究与实验中应用Uplift因果模型可以填补我国体育消费实验数据分析方法的空缺。

Thermal and exhumation history of the Songnan Low Uplift,Qiongdongnan Basin:constraints from the apatite fission-track and zircon(U-Th)/He thermochronology

Significant advancements have been made in the study of Mesozoic granite buried hills in the Songnan Low Uplift(SNLU)of the Qiongdongnan Basin.These findings indicate that the bedrock buried hills in this basin hold great potential for exploration.Borehole samples taken from the granite buried hills in the SNLU were analyzed using apatite fission track(AFT)and zircon(U-Th)/He data to unravel the thermal history of the basement rock.This information is crucial for understanding the processes of exhumation and alteration that occurred after its formation.Thermal modeling of a sample from the western bulge of the SNLU revealed a prolonged cooling event from the late Mesozoic to the Oligocene period(~80-23.8 Ma),followed by a heating stage from the Miocene epoch until the present(~23.8 Ma to present).In contrast,the sample from the eastern bulge experienced a more complex thermal history.It underwent two cooling stages during the late Mesozoic to late Eocene period(~80-36.4 Ma)and the late Oligocene period(~30-23.8 Ma),interspersed with two heating phases during the late Eocene to early Oligocene period(~36.4-30 Ma)and the Miocene epoch to recent times(~23.8-0 Ma),respectively.The differences in exhumation histories between the western and eastern bulges during the late Eocene to Oligocene period in the SNLU can likely be attributed to differences in fault activity.Unlike typical passive continental margin basins,the SNLU has experienced accelerated subsidence after the rifting phase,which began around 5.2 Ma ago.The possible mechanism for this abnormal post-rifting subsidence may be the decay or movement of the deep thermal source and the rapid cooling of the asthenosphere.Long-term and multi-episodic cooling and exhumation processes play a key role in the alteration of bedrock and contribute to the formation of reservoirs.On the other hand,rapid post-rifting subsidence(sedimentation)promotes the formation of cap rocks.

Exploring the rules of cropland elevation uplift in China

Cropland elevation uplift(CLEU) has recently become a new challenge for agricultural modernization,food security,and sustainable cropland use in China.Uncovering the rules of CLEU is of great theoretical and practical significance for China’s sustainable agricultural development and rural revitalization strategy.However,existing studies lack in-depth disclosure of multi-scale CLEU evolution rules,making it difficult to support the formulation of specific cropland protection policies.We analyzed the spatio-temporal evolution and multiscale CLEU in China from 1980 to 2020 using the Lorenz curve,gravity center model,hotspot analysis,and cropland elevation spectrum.The results indicated that the center of gravity of cropland moved to the northeast from 1980 to 2000 and then shifted to the northwest.The spatial distribution of cropland became increasingly imbalanced from 1980 to 2000.The change hotspots clustered in the northwest and the northeast,whereas cold-spots were mainly in southeastern China.The average elevation of cropland increased by 17.38 m,and the elevation uplift rule in different regions differed evidently across scales.From 1980 to 2000,all provinces except Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia,Gansu,and Yunnan exhibited CLEU,with Qinghai,Tibet,Beijing,and Guangdong showing the most noticeable uplifting.The CLEU can alleviate the shortage of cropland to some extent.However,without a planning constraint,the CLEU will lead to the increase of ecological risk and food security risk.

Failure of levees induced by toe uplift:Investigation of post-failure behavior using material point method

Levees are essential structures in flood defense systems,and their failures can lead to devastating consequences on the surrounding territories.One of the failure mechanisms mostly controlled by the foundation soil stratigraphy is the instability of the land side slope,triggered by the development of high uplift pressures in the foundation.This complex phenomenon has been investigated experimentally with centrifuge tests or large-scale tests and numerically with the limit equilibrium method(LEM)and the finite element method(FEM).In this work,we applied a multiphase formulation of the material point method(MPM)to analyze the development of toe uplift instability mechanism,from the onset of failure to large displacements.The numerical model is inspired by an experiment carried out in a geotechnical centrifuge test by Allersma and Rohe(2003).The comparison with the experiment allows for understanding critical pore pressure triggering large displacements in the foundation soils.Moreover,we numerically evaluated the impact of different values of foundation soils’hydraulic conductivity on the failure mechanism.The results show that hydraulic conductivity mainly influences the time of failure onset and the extension of shear localization at depth.Finally,the advantages of using large displacement approaches in the safety assessment of earth structures are discussed.Unlike FEM,there are no issues with element distortions generating difficulties with numerical convergence,allowing for full postfailure reproduction.This capability permits precise quantification of earth structure damages and post-failure displacements.The ensuing reinforcement systems’design is no longer over-conservative,with a significant reduction in associated costs.

Texture development of mesophase in reservoir pyrobitumen and the temperature-pressure converting of the gas reservoir in the Chuanzhong Uplift, Southwestern China

The Neoproterozoic-Lower Paleozoic dolostone gas reservoirs in the Chuanzhong Uplift in Southwestern China contain the mesophase pyrobitumen (pyrobitumen with mesophase). The mesophase in the pyrobitumen is mostly composed of a mixture of condensed macromolecule polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and has been mostly converted to various grain, flow, and domain textures. The volcanic activity nearby the Chuanzhong Uplift may have generated very hot (over 300 °C) hydrothermal fluid, with migration of the fluid into the dolostone reservoir transforming the hydrocarbons in the reservoir into an anisotropic carbon by-product, which formed under high temperature and pressure conditions;over 300 °C and 200 MPa according to fluid inclusion analysis. The high temperature-pressure in reservoir was caused by sudden devolatilization of the hydrocarbons due to hydrothermal heating, which formed the unusual texture of the mesophase. The elliptical mesophase grains (EG), the honeycomb structure of pyrobitumen, and the occurrence of polarized classes of mesophase in single pyrobitumen deposits are all unusual textures. This study investigates the texture development of this pressure-affected pyrobitumen. Observation and study of the mesophase suggest that the class of mesophase in pyrobitumen is determined by temperature, while pressure (assessed from associated fluid inclusions) significantly affected the texture. Analysis of the texture of the pyrobitumen in conjunction with previous thermometry results from methane inclusions suggests that the high class mesophase of the pyrobitumen could be applied as a temperature indicator for geological conditions. Furthermore, the unusual textures of the pyrobitumen including elliptical mesophase grains (EG), the honeycomb structure of pyrobitumen, and the occurrence of polarized classes of mesophase in single pyrobitumen could reflect the abnormal high formation pressure.

An Orthogonal Collision Dynamic Mechanism of Wave-Like Uplift Plateaus in Southern Asia

In southern Asia, there are three large-scale wave-like mountains ranging from the Tibetan Plateau westward to the Iranian Plateau and the Armenian Plateau. On the southern side between plateaus, there are the Indian Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula. What dynamic mechanisms form the directional alignment of the three plateaus with the two peninsulas remains a mystery. In the early stages of the Earth’s geological evolution, the internal structure of the Earth was that the center was a solid core, and the outmost layer was a thin equatorial crust zone separated by two thick pristine continents in polar areas, while the middle part was a deep magma fluid layer. Within the magma fluid layer, thermal and dynamic differences triggered planetary-scale vertical magma cells and led to the core-magma angular momentum exchange. When the core loses angular momentum and the magma layer gains angular momentum, the movement of upper magma fluids to the east and the tropical convergence zone (TCZ) drives the split and drift of two thick pristine continents, eventually forming the current combination of these plateaus and peninsulas and their wave-like arrangement along the east-west direction. Among them, the horizontal orthogonal convergence (collision) of upper magma fluids from the two hemispheres excited the vertical shear stress along the magma TCZ, which is the dynamic mechanism of mountain uplifts on the north side and plate subductions on the south side. To confirm this mechanism, two examples of low-level winds are used to calculate the correspondence between cyclone/anticyclonic systems generated by the orthogonal collision of airflows along the atmospheric TCZ and satellite-observed cloud systems. Such comparison can help us revisit the geological history of continental drift and orogeny.

Geochemical characteristics of Sr isotopes in the LS33 drill core from the Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea, and their response to the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau

Making full use of modern analytical and testing techniques to explore and establish new indexes or methods for extracting paleoseawater geochemical information from sediments will help to reconstruct the sedimentary paleoenvironment in different research areas.The connection between the subsidence of the South China Sea basin and the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau has been a scientific concern in recent decades.To explore the information on the sedimentary paleoenvironment,provenance changes and uplift of Tibetan Plateau contained in core sediments(debris),we selected core samples from Well LS33 in the Qiongdongnan Basin,South China Sea,and analyzed the contents of typical elements(Al,Th,and rare earth elements)that can indicate changes in provenance and the Sr isotopic compositions,which can reveal the geochemical characteristics of the paleoseawater depending on the type of material(authigenic carbonate and terrigenous detritus).The results show the following:(1)during the late Miocene,the Red River transported a large amount of detrital sediments from the ancient continental block(South China)to the Qiongdongnan Basin.(2)The authigenic carbonates accurately record changes in the 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the South China Sea since the Oligocene.These ratios reflect the semi-closed marginal sea environment of the South China Sea(relative to the ocean)and the sedimentary paleoenvironment evolution process of the deep-water area of the Qiongdongnan Basin from continental to transitional and then to bathyal.(3)Since the Neogene,the variations in the 87Sr/86Sr ratio in the authigenic carbonates have been consistent with the variations in the uplift rate of the Tibetan Plateau and the sediment accumulation rate in the Qiongdongnan Basin.These consistent changes indicate the complex geological process of the change in the rock weathering intensity and terrigenous Sr flux caused by changes in the uplift rate of the Tibetan Plateau,which influence the Sr isotope composition of seawater.

新疆准噶尔盆地白家海凸起深部煤层气勘探开发进展及启示

白家海凸起侏罗系煤是国内深部煤层气直井产量很早取得突破的地方,为准噶尔盆地的重要靶区。煤储层为特低灰、低水分、中高挥发性煤,孔渗系统较好。具有“古生新储”和“自生自储”两种成藏模式,煤层含气量高、游离气占比高、含气饱和度高,为优质煤层气储层。历经多年的勘探开发证明:多数直井试采无需排水降压即可快速见气(2~5 d),排采初期日产气量较高(2100~9890 m^(3)),日产水量少甚至不产水(<5 m^(3)),可自喷生产,返排率低,长期试采压力均衡下降,且具有一定的稳产期(25~60 d);煤层射孔层厚度、压裂液体系、压裂加砂比均可影响煤层气试气效果,其中冻胶、胍胶体系优于活性水-清洁压裂液体系。最新施工的彩探1H水平井试采表现出压裂开井后即高产,试采最高日产气量5.7万m^(3),日产水量少(0.5~3.0 m^(3)),表现出常规天然气特征,随后衰减稳定,表现为吸附气与游离气共同产出;与直井对比,水平井产量高、稳产时间长、压降速率小。基于研究区储层特征和含气性特征,及勘探开发历程,得到3方面启示。一是深部多类型气藏富集规律再认识:需重视油气运聚圈闭的成藏演化研究,重视深部位气水空间分配和富集规律的研究。二是深部中低阶煤储层可压性评价:针对凸起高部位孔渗系统好的中低煤阶储层,需形成适合的压裂工艺体系。三是深部多类型气藏开发方式优化:针对游离气占比高的气藏,实现游离气-吸附气的接续产出,保持降压面积稳定扩展,排采控制尤为关键。

希夏邦马峰地区始新世地壳加厚和隆升过程

中新世中期之前喜马拉雅山脉的隆升历史和深部动力机制,还存在极大的争议、缺乏基本的数据约束。喜马拉雅造山带核部高级变质岩的埋藏和折返过程可以约束地壳加厚和山脉隆升过程,但是现有的变质记录主要为渐新世晚期-中新世中期,始新世变质作用的分布范围、形成过程和地质意义仍然未被充分挖掘。本文首先厘定了希夏邦马峰(8027m)山体的基本岩石组成:下部为高喜马拉雅正/副片麻岩,上部为肉切村群变粒岩及贯入其中的淡色花岗岩席。进一步对1964年希夏邦马峰登山科考采集的眼球状片麻岩进行了变质作用相平衡模拟和独居石微区原位U-Th-Pb定年,确定了始新世变质记录的P-T-t演化轨迹:M1阶段中P/T型变质压力峰期,条件为~1.0GPa、~740℃(~22℃/km),变质年龄为~37Ma;后近等温降压至M2阶段低P/T型变质温度峰期,条件为0.5~0.4GPa、~760℃(45~57℃/km),变质年龄为~25Ma;在~18Ma左右冷却至固相线以下。希夏邦马峰~37Ma的中P/T型变质和地壳加厚事件与北喜马拉雅穹隆、高喜马拉雅主体、前陆飞来峰等地区的记录一致(40~37Ma,20~25℃/km),表明印度-亚洲初始碰撞约20Myr后中上地壳被堆叠埋藏至>33km以下,发生了广泛的整体性加厚和深熔作用。该事件与喜马拉雅内陆残留海最终退却的时间吻合,是喜马拉雅山脉初始隆升的诱因。喜马拉雅山脉不是晚新生代以来隆升的,而是经历了自始新世中期以来的长期地壳堆叠和隆升过程。

滨里海盆地东缘北特鲁瓦油田石炭系层序地层与沉积演化特征

根据三维地震、测井及钻井取心等资料,结合Vail的层序划分方案,在滨里海盆地东缘北特鲁瓦油田石炭系碳酸盐岩台地内识别出7个地震层序界面及7个钻井层序界面,并将KT-Ⅰ油层组划分为3个半三级层序,KT-Ⅱ油层组划分为3个三级层序。纵向上层序格架内沉积环境由开阔台地、局限台地至蒸发台地演化。根据研究区层序格架内的古地貌恢复及沉积演化研究,将研究区古地貌—沉积演化划分为3个阶段:台地初始隆坳分异期(SQ2-SQ3层序)、差异抬升与沉积分异定型期(SQ4层序)及继承发育期(SQ5-SQ7层序)。进一步分析认为,层序格架控制下的隆坳格局分异控制了白云岩亚类在平面上的分布,低部位以泥晶云岩—膏盐岩组合和泥晶云岩—泥晶灰岩组合为主,主要为潟湖相沉积;而高部位则以泥粉晶云岩、细粉晶云岩和残余颗粒泥晶云岩为主,发育云坪相及云化颗粒滩相沉积。结果表明,区内KT-Ⅰ油层组沉积期并非前人认为的西高东低剥蚀后沉降充填,而是继承性差异沉降的结果,古地理格局总体具有“东台西槽、北高南低”特征,其始终控制着有利相带和优质储集层的发育展布。这一认识对滨里海地区油气勘探开发战略选区具有重要的指导作用。

吕梁古隆起对鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组沉积的控制作用:基于陕西府谷剖面

中奥陶世马家沟组沉积时期,鄂尔多斯局限海周缘分布着一系列古隆起,其中吕梁古隆起对马家沟组沉积的控制作用研究相对薄弱,制约了对鄂尔多斯盆地东北部马家沟组沉积环境的认识。通过对陕西府谷剖面实测和采样,结合鄂尔多斯盆地北部的钻井、取心资料,分析了马家沟组的厚度、岩相类型及沉积微相变化,总结出吕梁古隆起对马家沟组沉积的控制作用。控制作用主要表现为:(1)吕梁古隆起的间歇性活动阻隔了鄂尔多斯局限海与华北广海的海水循环;(2)高海平面期,吕梁古隆起位于水下,对海水的阻隔作用弱,且古隆起区为开阔海灰坪,古隆起以西地层厚度变化较小,形成灰坪和云坪的沉积分异;(3)低海平面期,吕梁古隆起间歇性暴露,海水循环被明显阻隔,且古隆起区为潮间—潮上带的泥云坪,向东地层厚度减小,过渡为灰坪,而向西地层厚度迅速增加,形成泥云坪、膏云坪、膏盐湖的沉积分异。该研究成果为鄂尔多斯盆地北部马家沟组的沉积学研究提供了相关的岩石学和古环境方面的证据。

忻定盆地金山凸起东缘断裂展布及晚第四纪最新活动特征

通过野外地质地貌调查结合无人机航拍测量、地质雷达勘探及浅层地震勘探综合分析认为,金山凸起东缘断裂整体呈NE向展布,走向40°,北起忻口村一带,向SW经金山铺村西、前淤泥村西延伸至部落村以北,进而向SWS转折进入盆地区。经探槽开挖和年龄测试,该断裂段最新断错晚更新世早期地层。

深地震反射剖面揭示沧县隆起和黄骅坳陷及邻区的地壳精细结构和构造特征

为研究华北盆地的地壳精细结构和断裂的深、浅构造关系,跨冀中坳陷、沧县隆起、黄骅坳陷和埕宁隆起完成了1条长约200km的深地震反射剖面和1条长66km的中-浅层地震反射剖面。结果表明,沿剖面地壳厚30~35km,且具有东薄西厚的分布特征,在冀中坳陷下方,莫霍面出现明显上隆,其隆起幅度为2~3km。研究区上地壳反射结构具有凹隆相间的展布特征,多条规模较大的断裂隐伏于华北盆地之下,对该区隆起和坳陷的形成与发展具有重要的控制作用。剖面上一系列与主断裂同向或反向的次级断裂将研究区的上地壳切割为多个次级小型地堑或半地堑断陷,导致整个华北盆地的上地壳结构复杂化。下地壳反射结构由一系列反射能量变化较大、横向上不能稳定成层、产状复杂多变的反射事件构成,这与反射能量强、横向连续性好及产状近水平展布的上地壳反射明显不同,暗示研究区上、下地壳物质有着明显不同的形成环境、变形方式和温压条件。中-浅层地震剖面和深地震反射剖面共同揭示的太行山山前断裂表现为一条低角度的大型铲形正断层,向下可与太行山东缘向E缓倾的大型滑脱构造(拆离断层)相联系;沧西断裂、沧东断裂和埕西断裂作为沧县隆起、黄骅坳陷、埕宁隆起的边界断裂,控制了该区堑、垒构造的形成与发展,是第四纪以来的隐伏活动断裂,推测其深部终止于深约18km的壳内解耦面上。文中研究结果可为进一步理解华北盆地的深部动力学过程及分析研究区深、浅断裂构造关系提供地震学依据。

建筑结构隔震技术研究进展

建筑结构隔震技术通过在建筑结构底部或中间楼层设置隔震装置,延长结构的自振周期,并提供适当的阻尼使得结构的响应大幅度减小,能够更有效地保护房屋结构以及室内设备的安全,可显著提升建筑震后功能可恢复能力。目前建筑结构隔震技术已经有较为成熟的技术产品和工程应用,已广泛应用于住宅、医院、学校、博物馆和图书馆等建筑中。随着《建设工程抗震管理条例》的颁布,预期隔震技术将有更广阔的应用场景。隔震建筑也将逐步从低层、简单建筑结构向高层、复杂建筑结构的方向发展。目前常用的隔震装置存在着抗拉能力不足、对竖向地震或竖向环境振动减振效果不足、控制频宽窄、适应性不足以及使用状态及损伤状态难以监测等问题。为此,众多学者针对以上问题进行了深入研究,开发了抗拉隔震支座、三维隔震(振)支座、半主动隔震支座和隔震支座的健康监测系统,为扩展隔震技术的应用范围提供了解决方法。目前,相关研究偏重于新型隔震装置的性能研究,未来应全面考虑新型隔震装置对于建筑的影响,提出配套的设计方法,并进行示范性工程应用,加快隔震技术的推广。

对强震地形变监测预报方法的思考

简要回顾了中国地形变用于强震监测预报领域的发展过程及现状。对几次强震前得到的比较突出的地形变异常进行了分析,收集了大面积形变异常与强震中长期预测、地震前兆分布存在时间有序和空间配套,强震前发现巨幅形变异常,InSAR给出强震前地面垂向形变,强震前地倾斜异常,慢地震和预滑移等方面的研究成果。综合分析认为,强震前震中区附近存在与孕震体尺度相当的巨幅快速地面异常隆升。及时有效地捕捉强震前巨幅快速地面异常隆升的时间有序和空间配套的异常信息,可望针对人口稠密区域未来发生的强震给出具有减灾实效的预测预报意见,值得尝试。基于本研究提出了针对人口稠密的地震重点监视防御区开展高密度、大量程、低精度地倾斜观测的设想,并初步给出了观测方案、基本原理和数据计算处理方法。

大盾构管片最不利上浮状态下三维形变特征模型试验方案设计

隧道施工期管片所受浆液浮力并非恒定,壁后浆液压力的不均匀分布会导致管片变形和隧道环的位错损伤。为减弱或避免因管片上浮造成的结构病害,通过自主设计研发一种考虑千斤顶水平推力、围岩压力以及同步注浆上浮力作用的管片三维加载模型试验系统,对大直径管片最不利上浮状态下的瞬时变形进行分析。试验装置由围压加载装置和非均布上浮力加载装置组成,可实现单点或多点同步加卸载;模型试验采用不同刚度弹簧模拟上浮期隧道与地层之间的相互作用;根据相似理论对管片模型和连接螺栓进行精细化设计和加工;根据实际工程中试验段的围压对模型围压初始值进行换算,并将动、静态上浮力相结合,提出更符合工程实际的盾构隧道横、纵向上浮力分析模型。结果表明:在拱底非均布上浮力的作用下,拱底竖向位移和收敛变形沿纵向均近似呈对数正态分布,其最大值均出现在脱出盾尾后第3环;各环管片的收敛变形与拱底竖向位移近似呈线性关系,斜率介于0.63~1.49之间;模型试验结果与实测数据相吻合。研究成果可为盾构隧道管片抗浮设计和施工提供一定的技术支持。

隆起对砂岩型铀矿成矿的控制及找矿启示

沉积盆地古隆起对油气成藏起到明显控制作用,对砂岩型铀矿成矿的制约也不可忽视。砂岩型铀矿通常就位于盆地边缘构造斜坡带和盆地内部隆起附近。隆起对砂岩型铀矿成矿的控制具体体现在:控制地下水补-径-排体系、控制层间氧化作用、控制沉积相带发育、伴生断裂促进物质输运以及为成矿供给铀等。中国北方沉积盆地中新生代以来经历复杂的构造活动,盆地域内非均衡发展而多形成隆起,因此我国铀矿找矿尤其需要重视隆起对铀成矿的控制。其中,盆地内部找矿应重点关注被大幅抬升的隆起,而盆地边缘构造斜坡带上找矿需重视微隆起以及基底上覆地层的褶皱。将隆起作为关键控矿要素,优选适用的攻深找盲方法,精细刻画盆地基底隆升形成的背斜、褶皱及伴生断裂,可有效提高铀矿找矿效率并拓展铀矿找矿空间。

苏北盆地建湖隆起沉积盆地型干热岩资源潜力评价

对苏北盆地建湖隆起的干热岩资源潜力进行评价,展示华东地区沉积盆地型干热岩资源的勘探前景。基于野外勘察、室内实验和数值模拟等多手段地质分析方法分析研究区干热岩地热地质条件,以4个区域地震地质剖面为基础,建立二维热传导数值模型,模拟分析深部地温分布,确定评价深度。应用基于体积法的蒙特卡罗模拟给出合理的资源量评价分析。该方法可充分考虑参数估计的不确定性。结果表明,建湖隆起3~10 km深度内干热岩资源的可采热资源量约为44.6亿t标煤,发电潜力为692 769.9 MWe,约为江苏省2022年全年用电量的49倍。

密砂中单盘螺旋锚安装效应对抗拔能力影响的数值分析

目的研究密砂中单盘螺旋锚安装过程中锚周土体变形特性及其对抗拔能力的影响,为螺旋锚基础精细化设计提供技术支撑。方法利用MatDEM软件建立密砂中螺旋锚安装及拉拔过程的数值计算模型,通过与室内模型试验结果对比标定颗粒微观力学参数,进而分析钻入和预埋两种安装方式下不同埋深和盘径的螺旋锚安装效应及上拔承载力。结果当H/d w≤10时,钻入安装的极限上拔力较预埋低,当H/d w>10后,安装方式带来承载力差别不再随埋深增加而增加;随着盘径增大,两种安装方式下螺旋锚的承载能力均表现出增大的趋势,钻入方式下的Q ut比预埋下的Q up降低量从33%增至53%,预埋方式螺旋锚的承载能力高于钻入。结论钻入安装螺旋锚的上拔承载力低于预埋方式的承载力,但当埋深比超过10后,安装扰动对承载力的影响随着深度变化很小;随着盘径增加,安装扰动对极限上拔承载力的影响增大,相较于埋深变化带来的安装扰动差异,盘径变化带来的影响更明显。