The Impact of the Establishment of National High-tech Zones on Total Factor Productivity of Chinese Enterprises

The National High-tech Zone(NHTZs)is an important strategic platform for cultivating high-tech industries and realizing high-quality economic development in China.Based on the combined data from 2006 to 2014 of the industrial enterprise database,the customs database,and the China Development Zones Audit and Announcement Catalogue(abbreviated asthe Catalogue),this paper systematically investigates the influence of the construction of NHTZs on enterprise’s total factor productivity(TFP).Results show that NHTZs have a positive impact on the TFP of enterprises in the zone,and this conclusion is still valid after considering endogeneity problems.Furthermore,the above productivity effects of NHTZs are heterogeneous in terms of enterprise ownership,external environment and establishment time,and NHTZs have greater stimulation effects on enterprise productivity after comparing with other types of functional zones.An investigation of the specific mechanisms at play shows that NHTZs promote the TFP of enterprises in the zone through the release of preferential policies,strengthening the“technology spillover effects”of imported intermediate goods,enhancing enterprise’s innovation ability and attracting talent.In addition,based on the decomposition of industry productivity,this paper also investigates the impact of NHTZs on changes in industry productivity and finds that NHTZs promote the overall productivity of specific industries mainly by stimulating the productivity improvement of incumbent enterprises and expanding the market share of high-productivity enterprises.Moreover,the preferential policies of NHTZs do not significantly stimulate high-productivity enterprises to enter the zones,nor do they cause low-productivity enterprises to exit.This research is helpful in objectively evaluating the economic effects of the NHTZs in China and in providing a theoretical basis for its further adjustment.

A Study on Theoretical Model and Applied Evaluation of Land Use Performance of High-tech Zone in Urban Fringe: A Case Study in Haidian District, Beijing

High-tech industrial zone is an important carrier for constructing innovative cities. It also plays an important role in implementing the national independent innovative strategy. How-ever, most of the high-tech industrial zones have many problems in their development process, such as efficiency of land use, weakness of oriented function and lack of land intensive. To solve these problems, the authors of this paper introduced the concept of land use performance and established the theoretical model to assess the land use performance of high-tech industrial zones. The model consists of the following three-dimensional parts: land use benefit, land use efficiency and innovative function. Based on this theory model, an index system which was composed of three secondary indictors, eight tertiary indictors and 37 fourth-grade indictors was set up to evaluate the land use performance of high-tech zone. To avoid the defects of plus model and function model, the authors brought out a three-dimensional evaluation model to examine the index of the land use performance of the high-tech industrial parks, which equals to the evaluation indicator system of land use performance of high-tech zone based on the above research. The authors examined the land use performance of five different high-tech industrial parks in Haidian District, Beijing City. The results indicated that the indicator system per-forms better in the aspect of evaluating land use benefit, land use efficiency and function of the high-tech industrial zone compared with other models.

The Role of China's High-Tech Zones in Its Regional Economic Development

National high-tech industrial development zones represent a major strategy of the Chinese government in developing high-tech industries and spurring regional economic growth. The effect of this policy is yet to be proven. Based on the panel data of 283 Chinese cities between 1984 and 2012, this paper investigates the effect of high-tech zones on regional economic development. Empirical results suggest that first, national hightech zones have remarkably enhanced regional GDP and per capita GDP growth, and this conclusion still holds true after multiple rounds of robustness test; second, the economic effect of national high-tech zones is subject to diminishing marginal return and compared with higher-tier cities, lower-tier cities benefited more from the creation of national hightech zones. This paper concludes that national high-tech zones where special policies are experimented and offered not only drive economic development but, if properly distributed across regions, may help reduce regional economic disparities as well. The results of this study provide important implications for the future distribution of national high-tech zones and the creation of other relevant policies.

Spatial Pattern Evolution and Industrial Characteristics of Economic and Technological Development Zones and High-tech Industrial Zones in China

Economic and technological development zone and high-tech industrial zone are important types of development zone in China,and there are differences in their connotation and goal setting.In this paper,basic data of national and provincial economic and technological development zones and high-tech industrial zones in China were collected and arranged.Kernel density analysis and other GIS spatial analysis techniques were used to analyze the evolution laws of spatial patterns of economic and technological development zones and high-tech industrial zones in cities from 2006 to 2018.First,the agglomeration intensity was compared by measuring the degree of regional agglomeration and dispersion on the two time nodes.Next,kernel density method was used to explore the evolution of the two in the spatial layout and location,and analyze development commonness and difference of economic and technological development zones and high-tech industrial zones.Finally,the trend and reason of spatial evolution of development zones with different leading industries were explored.Research results show that:①the agglomeration degree of layout of high-tech industrial zones is stronger than that of economic and technological development zones,and there are similarities and differences in distribution trend of spatial patterns of the two types of development zones;②the distribution of labor-intensive,capital-intensive and technology-intensive development zones is concentrated at smaller scales and dispersed at larger ones;③although there are differences between the economic and technological development zones and the high-tech industrial zones in the goal,support,structure and function,management system and so on,their spatial development presents a trend of convergence.In the future,when enhancing urban-rural planning and public administration,governments should combine the trend of industrial transformation and upgrading,and optimize spatial layout of development zones by adjusting industrial structure,layout,transportation and land use.

A Study of the Industrial Development in Huazhong Agricultural High-tech Industrial Development Zone

This paper illustrates the current situation and problems concerning the industrial structure in Huazhong Agricultural High-tech Industrial Development Zone,and analyzes the internal contradictions that exist in industry: small-scale land operation has become an inherent obstacle to the industrial development in Agricultural High-tech Zone; farmers are always in a passive position in industrial restructuring optimization; government's policy failures and rent-seeking behaviors have hindered industrial development; the research,popularization and application of agricultural science and technology is not suited to industrial development requirements. Finally,this paper makes the corresponding recommendations for industrial development in Huazhong Agricultural High-tech Industrial Development Zone.

Comprehensive Control Measures and Effect Evaluation of Groundwater Over-exploitation Areas in High-tech Zone,Jining in 2020

Groundwater over-exploitation is a major problem in groundwater development, utilization and protection. At present, the area of shallow groundwater over-exploitation in the High-tech Zone is 76 km^(2). In this study, the system and mechanism construction, engineering measure construction, and control effect of national comprehensive control project of groundwater over-exploitation areas in the High-tech Zone in 2020 were evaluated, and the comprehensive control of groundwater over-exploitation in the High-tech Zone in the year was summarized to provide effective basis for the continuous implementation of comprehensive control of groundwater over-exploitation. At the same time, the water-saving and exploitation reduction effect and generalizability of different measures were studied to provide useful reference for other over-exploitation areas.

Economic Development Strategies and Optimization of High-tech Development Zones from the Perspective of"Four-transform and Three-famous":Taking Nanchang High-tech Development Zone as an Example

In recent years,high-tech development zones(hi-tech zones)have always occupied a very important position in the strategy of promoting China's innovative development.The combination of the"four-transform and three-famous"coordinated economic development strategy pioneered by Zhejiang Province in 2015 and the coordinated economic development of high-tech zones is particularly important for modern China at a critical time for innovative economic development.In this article,based on the research on the coordination mechanism of economic activities and development of Nanchang High-tech Zone,the development course of high-tech zones in China is elaborated,the early economic models in high-tech zones of Nanchang and China are analyzed,the existing problems in the structure of economic development of high-tech zones are analyzed in depth,the main driving factors for promoting the economic development of high-tech zones are studied from the aspects of capital,space,industry,economic model,etc.,and corresponding development strategies for high-tech development zones in China are proposed.

Evolution of Industrial Competitiveness Based on Evaluation of Urban Competitiveness of Dongguan City:A Case Study of Songshan Lake High-tech Zone

Based on the theoretical system of urban competitiveness,the evaluation model of urban competitiveness from the perspective of competition and cooperation was established.According to the significance index and explanatory index,the urban competitiveness was divided into urban comprehensive competitiveness(UC),urban internal node competitiveness(NC)and external competitiveness of urban network(EC).The scores and rankings of UC,NC and EC in 2006,2010 and 2015 were obtained by conducting the comprehensive evaluation of the urban competitiveness of Dongguan City with integrated usage of the principal component analysis and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution and the data of other 20 cities in Guangdong province,Hong Kong and Macao.The research showed that the competitiveness of Dongguan City has been greatly improved during the decade of 2006–2015,and the regional cities in Guangdong Province had significant differences,which are reflected in the two dimensions of urban internal node competitiveness(NC)and external competitiveness of urban network(EC).Based on this,this study further analyzed Dongguan’s urban competitiveness from two dimensions of NC and EC,and took Dongguan Songshan Lake High-tech Zone as an example to study how to promote Dongguan’s urban competitiveness from the industrial level.

High-tech Industrial Development Zones in Nanjing,Suzhou,Changzhou and Wuxi

Nanjing High-tech Industrial Devel-opment Zone It is a state-level high-tech in-dustrial development zone approved by theState Council, with an area of 16.5 sq km,comprising seven sq km of industrial area,five sq km of Taiwan invested area, three sqkm of university teaching and scientificresearch area and 1.5 sq km of compositeservice area. The development zone is 13.5 kmfrom the city center, with convenient trafficconditions, three state highways and a pro-

Characteristics and Development Modes of Standardization forChina's National High-Tech Zones:A Review

Indigenous innovation focused on the development of technical standards has become the core of China's innovation policy,since China released the "Outline of the National Program for Longand Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development (2006-2020)" in 2006.Meanwhile,standardization issues are greatly emphasized by high-tech zones which serve as the major carriers of national economic growth as well as innovation clusters in the context of fast-growing international standardization.By means of the effective guide of the government,the standardization of high-tech zones in China now presents a wide range of operating modes.Specifically,they can be divided predominantly into the government promotion mode,the alliance collaboration mode,the research-standard-industry linkage mode,and the talent training mode,in terms of the main body of work and influence factors.

High-tech Industrial Zones Take Lead in Industrial Innovation

China’s 56 leading high-tech industrial zones have led the country’s industrial innovation, playing an important role in the nation’s social and economic development, a government statement said on Jan 1.

郑州市13种常绿灌木及其主要挥发物抑菌效应研究

为探究郑州市常绿灌木的抑菌能力,以十大功劳(Mahonia fortunei)、南天竹(Nandina domestica)等13种常见常绿灌木为试验材料,采用平板计数法测定抑菌率,选择癸醛、苯甲醛、β-蒎烯、柠檬烯、3-蒈烯5种叶片中主要的挥发物单体,以抑菌圈直径、最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度为检测指标,研究不同挥发物单体的抑菌能力。结果表明,13种常绿灌木间抑菌率差异显著(P<0.05),同一植物碎叶的抑菌率大于相同质量的整叶,南天竹和海桐对金黄色葡萄球菌抑制效果最好,对枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌抑制效果最好的均为南天竹;5种挥发物单体对供试菌株的抑制程度不同,苯甲醛的抑菌和杀菌效果最强,β-蒎烯最弱。在今后郑州市进行城市绿化时,可以选择南天竹等抑菌能力较强的树种。

低效工业用地的城市更新路径研究——以郑州高新区为例

存量低效工业用地已成为我国城市经济高质量发展的阻碍,在产业结构升级、居民生活需求多元化的背景下,低效工业用地的更新刻不容缓。本文首先总结了低效工业用地在城市更新过程中面临的低效用地识别难、更新协调实施难、连片统筹更新难和主体利益平衡难的问题。然后结合郑州高新区低效工业用地城市更新项目,针对低效工业用地更新难点提出与更新区域相适宜的更新模式,并深入剖析更新路径,以期为我国低效工业用地更新中的路径选择提供借鉴。

郑州都市区国土空间“三生”功能识别及分区优化研究

基于“三生”空间功能评价理论,以郑州都市区为例,利用GIS技术和空间自相关分析等方法,在识别都市区“三生”功能特征和分析乡镇单元“三生”功能聚类的基础上,探讨了都市区国土空间格局优化路径。结果表明,(1)郑州都市区国土空间“三生”功能具有明显的空间分异特征,中心城区与重要节点城区生活功能显著,生产功能高值区集中于东部城市的中牟市、开封市、许昌市,生态功能较优乡镇分布在黄河生态带、西部的嵩山生态区以及焦作北部的太行山生态区域。(2)优化方案将郑州都市区的国土空间重构为9种类型区,分析各类区域的功能特征,并在空间平衡利用的基础上确定了不同区域类型的发展方向。

郑州高新区高质量发展对策研究

【目的】高质量发展统筹经济发展质量与效率,以营商环境为视角为郑州高新区高质量发展提供政策建议和参考。【方法】以理论与实证相结合、问题与对策相结合的研究思路,通过较为翔实且代表性强的数据对比,以及广泛参考域外发展经验,对郑州高新区高质量发展经济失速进行深入分析。【结果】从我国东西部选择苏州和西安等发展势头较好城市的开发区进行比较,分析郑州高新区高质量创新发展面临的“三大问题”,即动力不足、效果欠佳、保障缺位。【结论】针对郑州高新区高质量创新发展存在的问题提出实施高价值创新、高效率应用和高标准保护三大对策。

郑州航空港十年来发展经验剖析与未来图景

2013年获批的郑州航空港已经成为河南打造内陆开放新高地的重要窗口和核心增长极,但其在十年发展历程中也暴露出产业支撑乏力、创新动能缺乏等突出问题。采用调查研究和经验总结法对郑州航空港经济综合实验区发展实践进行梳理和归纳,可以发现,产业集聚和体制机制创新是确保其不断发展壮大的两大法宝。未来郑州航空港要继续坚持“枢纽+开放”发展路径,持续打造引领中部、服务全国、联通世界的枢纽经济高地,持续培育枢纽偏好型产业体系和科技创新内生动力,持续推进体制机制创新,持续提升制度型开放水平,从而为我国航空经济发展不断探索经验。

基于时空演变对中原区经济发展差异的计量分析

为促进区域协调发展,首先,将人均GDP作为衡量经济发展水平的指标,并采用Dagum基尼系数等方法,测度分析2012—2019年中原经济区经济发展差距的时空演变趋势;其次,引入产值影响力分析郑州对中原经济区的产值影响度及综合影响度,并构建ARIMA预测模型对未来8年郑州对中原区经济影响力度进行预测.结果表明,一方面,近年来中原经济区各地区之间的绝对差距在逐年扩大,中原经济区区域间经济发展差距主要源于郑州都市圈与中原副中心城市群以及郑州都市圈与其他城市群之间,郑州都市圈和其他两个区域之间的经济发展差距对总差距的贡献率均在40%以上,中原经济区各区域间的经济发展差距大于各区域内的发展差距;另一方面,郑州对中原经济区整体影响力不断提高,且未来8年将继续推动地区经济发展.

区域规划累积环境影响评价方法框架研究

鉴于累积环境影响评价在区域规划环评中的重要性和必要性,提出包括规划描述、影响识别、尺度确定、因果分析、评价基准、情景构建、累积评价与预警、减缓措施以及适应调控等主要步骤在内的累积环境影响评价方法框架。同时,考虑到累积环境影响的不确定性和动态性特征,采用情景分析和系统动力学模型相结合的方法,模拟、分析和评价区域规划在时间和空间尺度上的累积环境影响。基于该方法框架,以郑州航空港地区总体规划为例,开展了评价区域环境空气和地表水环境质量的累积环境影响评价和预警实证研究。设计了基准情景、零方案情景、规划方案情景以及改善型情景4种情景模式,分别对规划方案实施的区域水环境、大气环境的累积影响做出评价;并提出包括生态空间格局调控优化、产业结构调控与布局优化以及污染防治等在内的减缓措施,以及跟踪监测评估与适应性反馈调控对策。

系统动力学在空港区域规划环境影响评价中的应用

作为机场与城市间的过渡区,空港区域具有经济-社会-环境发展影响因素众多、变化快的特征.针对此,本文基于空港区域系统动力学模拟模型,结合类比法和情景分析法,用于空港区域不同发展方案的经济、社会、环境影响预测和评价.具体步骤包括:发展分析-影响识别-模型构建-零方案/规划方案模拟-替代方案设计-减缓措施,各步骤间动态反馈.对郑州航空港区进行案例研究,结果表明,相较于零方案,规划方案具有经济社会发展优、污染排放少的优点,但仍无法满足环境容量要求;设计了3种替代情景方案,据此提出产业结构优化、能源结构调整等减缓措施.