Human Driving Forces:Analysis of Rocky Desertification in Karst Region in Guanling County,Guizhou Province

Karst rocky desertification is one of the major ecological and environmental problems that threaten the sustainable development of southwestern China. It is caused by irrational and intensive land-use patterns in karst geo-ecological environment. Therefore, it is vital to identify how human forces work on this degraded environment. Based on the soil erosion information in 2000 and remote sensing images of Guanling County collected in 2000 and 2007, four grades of karst rocky desertification data in 14 villages of Guanling County were extracted. Impacts of population, affluence, and other human forces on karst rocky desertification were analyzed using STIRPAT model. The results show that:1) Factors of population and affluence had strong influence on karst rocky desertification. In the STIRPAT model analysis, the population and affluence coefficients were positive, indicating that the increase in population and affluence would lead to more serious desertification. 2) Factors of farmer correlated with karst rocky desertification negatively, especially the way of viewing the relationship between people and nature, and the level of knowledge about rocky desertification. Government behavior was not a significant factor in this analysis. 3) The findings provide evidence that STIRPAT model can be used to analyze the relationship between human driving forces and rocky desertification.

Analysis of Batik Value Chain in Ethnic Minority Areas--A Case Study of Danzhai County in Guizhou Province

Based on value chain analysis method,we surveyed and interviewed interest groups of batik industry in Danzhai County.From raw material production,product processing,marketing,organization and management,we discussed the supply chain of batik products in ethnic minority areas,and analyzed favorable factors of batik industry development and obstacles to interest groups developing batik industry.Finally,we put forward corresponding policy suggestions,including strengthening farmers' ability in batik production section,enhancing capability construction of batik cooperatives and associations,increasing cultural value added of batik products,bolster policy and financial support of government departments,and promoting establishment of cooperative mechanism for handicrafts.

Super-Large Manganese Deposits Have Been Discovered at Pujue and Taoziping,Songtao County in Guizhou Province

In 2016,the Geological Brigade No.103 of Guizhou Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau discovered two super-large manganese deposits at Pujue and Taoziping,in Songtao County,Guizhou Province（Fig.1）.The Pujue manganese deposit has191.59 million tons of proven（332＋333）class ore reserves,including 35.54 million tons of 332 class and

Analysis of Landscape Changes in the Karst Areas of Puding County in Guizhou Province

Based on GIS,RS and the landscape analysis software,landscape changes in the middle and lower reaches of Houzhai River in Puding County of Guizhou Province from 1973 to 2004 were analyzed.The results indicated that paddy fields and dry fields held a dominant status.In the change of landscape types,forest land reduced continually,dry fields changed complicatedly,and the mutual transformation among grass land,shrub land and forest land was obvious.The area of bare rock increased remarkably in the slope range between 10° and 35°.Artificially 'returning cultivation land into forests and pastures','reclamation by damaging forests and pastures',and natural ecosystem converse succession existed at the same time.Therefore,the whole landscape was in an unstable state.

Factor Capitalization,Industry Development and Targeted Poverty Alleviation——Based on the Investigation of Danzhai County,Guizhou Province

At present,targeted poverty alleviation is a major development strategy in China.Based on the investigation of Danzhai County in Guizhou Province,this paper argues that industry development is the fundamental measure through which to implement the poverty alleviation program.Industry development includes both the development of local industries in povertystricken areas and the development of industries in other regions of China.Local development is mainly achieved when the invisible superior resources become visible and the notable superior resources are capitalized in povertystricken areas,in which,the capitalization of factors and resources relies on fundamental governmental investments which will create a profit space for the poverty-stricken areas through the down-to-countryside cadres' precise guidance for the use of poverty alleviation funds to help identify a breakthrough for industry development,and particularly the attempts to focus on the development of high-end industries under the lower-end production mode to form a community with common interests aiding poverty alleviation.Development in other regions can be mainly achieved through various modes such as "tax-finance-poverty alleviation," "industry-employment-poverty alleviation" and "industry-enterprise direct investment-poverty alleviation" to offer indirect or direct support for poverty alleviation in poverty-stricken areas.An appropriate handling is required to deal with many problems related to the local industry development in targeted poverty alleviation and the targeted poverty alleviation in industry development.

Emplacement Ages and Geochemical Characteristics of Grabbroic Intrusions and Prospecting Orientation of Related Deposit in Luodian,Guizhou Province

Emplacement ages, geochemical characteristics and analysis of continental dynamics on gabbroic intrusions in Luodian County, Guizhou Province, have been discussed based on studies of isotopic chronology （the whole-rock Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr isochron methods）, major elements, trace elements and PGE. Intrusive activities of the gabbroic intrusions in the study area took place during the Late Yanshanian Orogenic Movement （the Cretaceous Period）, as indicated by the Sm-Nd isochron ages （t）=（99.6±4.5） （2σ） Ma and by the Rb-Sr isochron ages t=（97±1.6） （2σ） Ma. The gabbroic intrusions are attached to mafic rocks in cal-alkaline basaltic series. They occurred as dikes and might be formed under an extensional background of the continent. Differentiation of their magmatic crystallization resulted in obvious zonation of petrography. In the gabbroic intrusions of this study, large ion lithophile elements and LREE are enriched, and the chondrite-normalized REE distribution pattern is leftward inclined without anomalies of JCe or JEu, and there are high concentrations of PGE and ratios of Pd/Ir （averaging 4.21）. All of these imply that their source areas may be basaltic magma in the upper mantle with high-level partial melting, derived from EMl-type enriched mantle. It is different from Emeishan basalt, which may be related to the upper mantle at low-grade partial melting. Emplacement mechanism of the gabbroic intrusions in this study may suppose to be asthenosphere upheaving as an isolated hot wave in the presence of mantle fluid, resulting in basaltic magma intruded into the continental crust as a diapiric intrusion. Therefore, uplifting of faulting-block and extensional deformation could take place in the shallow part of the continental crust while vertical amassing and accretion of magmatic materials in the deep part of the continental crust. These special processes could supposed to be a special background of continental dynamics for this large-scale epithermal metallogenic domain, such as Au, As, Sb and Hg deposits, and vertical uplifting of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in the Cretaceous Period.

Relationship between family economic status and dental fluorosis of primary school students in Douqing Minority Village of Shuicheng County,Guizhou Province

Objective To investigate ethnic belonging,family economic status,staple food,dental fluorosis and urinary fluoride level of primary school students in Douqing Minority(Miao and Yi)Village,where is a severe area of coal-burning type of endemic fluorosis,in order to provide a base for diminishing the disease in ethnic minori-

On emplacement ages of lam-proites in Zhenyuan County,Guizhou Province,China

Emplacement ages of lamproites that comprise lamproite and olivine lamproite in Zhenyuan County, Guizhou Province, China, have been constrained by the whole-rock Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr isochron methods and the whole rock K-Ar method. Intrusive activities of lamproites in the Sinantang area of Zhenyuan County, Guizhou Province, took place during the Late Cambrian, as indicated by the Sm-Nd isochron ages (t) = (503±17) (2σ) Ma and by the Rb-Sr isochron ages (t) = (501.2±4.6) (2σ) Ma. Intrusive activities of olivine lamproites at the Maping with Ⅱ -type diamond and Xitou in Zhenyuan County, Guizhou Province, took place from the Late Cambrian to the Early Ordovician, as evidenced by the Sm-Nd isochron ages (t) = (502±27) (2σ) Ma and by the Rb-Sr isochron age (t) = (502± 27) (2σ) Ma. This suggests that the upwelling hot materials derived from the deep mantle were emplaced from the Late Cambrian to the Early Ordovician (503-497 Ma), while the time terminal of cooling of the geothermal event of

贵州省桐梓县耕地表层土壤钾元素分布特征及生态环境评价

【研究目的】钾是植物必需的三大营养元素之一,也是土壤肥力的重要影响因子。开展桐梓县耕地表层土壤钾分布特征研究,为县域农业发展、生态环境评价提供环境地质本底参考。【研究方法】本文以桐梓县为研究区,依据耕地质量地球化学调查所获得的表层土壤样品中钾、速效钾等指标数据,系统地探讨了耕地表层土壤钾和速效钾的含量、空间分布特征、等级状况及影响因素。【研究结果】研究区耕地表层土壤钾含量范围为2.50~49.60g/kg,平均值为20.30 g/kg;钾含量整体以中等、较丰富、丰富等级为主。速效钾含量范围为22.40~684.00 mg/kg,平均值为112.66 mg/kg;速效钾含量整体为中等至较缺乏等级。耕地表层土壤钾、阳离子交换量与速效钾呈正相关关系,pH与速效钾呈负相关关系。【结论】研究区耕地表层土壤钾、速效钾分布不均衡。耕地表层土壤钾受地质背景影响显著,高值区、低值区的分布与区内地层、构造套合较好。耕地表层土壤钾含量主受控于成土母岩,钾在灰岩及其形成的土壤中含量较低,其在南部乡镇集中大面积缺乏与广泛分布的二叠系茅口组灰岩母岩区有关。

Rare Earth Elements Compositions and Genesis of Xinhua Large-Scale Phosphorite Deposit in Western Guizhou, China

Zhijin County in Western Guizhou is one of the most important production areas of phosphorites in China. In order to investigate genesis of the phosphorites, their REE compositions were analyzed by using inductively coupled plasma emission mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. For comparison, phosphorites from the Lower Cambrian black rock series in Southern China, such as Zunyi in Guizhou and Zhangjiajie in Hunan Province, were also analyzed. The analytical data show that: (1) Xinhua phosphorites possess a quite high and greatly varied total rare earth elements (ΣREE), which varying between 164.23×10-6 and 1395.01×10-6 with average of 642.54×10-6, remarkable differentiation between light (LREE) and heavy rare earth elements (HREE), and the ΣLREE/ΣHREE ratios varying between 5.04 and 6.52. The ΣREE and ΣLREE/ΣHREE ratios of the Zunyi and Zhangjiajie phosphorites are 156.69×10-6～637.41×10-6 with average of 431 75×10-6 and 3.17～6.95 with average of 4.37 respectively; (2) All the phosphorites from Xinhua, Zunyi and Zhangjiajie show remarkable negative Ce anomalies. Besides, the Xinhua phosphorites possess lower δCe, which varying between 0.26 and 0.53 with average of 0.35, while δCe of the Zunyi and Zhangjiajie phosphorites are 0.30～0.66 with average of 0.47, suggesting that all of the phosphorites are typical marine sediments deposited mainly in ancient peri-continental seas, and the depositional position of the Xinhua phosphorite might be deeper; (3) Most phosphorites from Xinhua, Zunyi and Zhangjiajie possess unremarkable positive Eu anomaly, and only a few of samples show obvious ones. The δEu varies between 0.98 and 2.4, suggesting that hot (>200 ℃) and strong reductive hydrothermal fluids might have been involved in genesis of the phosphorites; (4) The Xinhua phosphorite is relatively depleted in HREE, and LaN/NdN and δY of most samples are >1 and >1.5 respectively. Besides, there exists no correlation between δY and δCe, suggesting that the phosphorite was subjected to quite strong weathering and leaching processes, and catagenesis do not greatly modify its REE compositions.

基于形成机理的石漠化敏感性评价:以贵州省黔西县为例

在遥感解译和野外调查基础上,通过分析石漠化的成因与形成机理,找出影响石漠化敏感性的主要自然因素,选取年降雨量、坡度、岩性组合、土壤质地和植被覆盖度5个指标,在GIS的支持下,采用改进的层次分析法,开展了黔西县石漠化敏感性评价。结果表明:黔西县石漠化仍然处于较为敏感状态,中度、高度和极敏感区域的面积合计为1176.39 km^(2),占46.97%,发生石漠化可能性依然存在;中度、高度和极敏感区主要分布于洪水—仁和、定新—重新、五里—沙井和钟山—铁石—素朴等区域,与石漠化土地的分布区域一致;绝大部分石漠化高度敏感区和极敏感区分布在三叠系碳酸盐岩地层中,嘉陵江组是敏感性最高的地层单元;通过综合研究石漠化各相关因素的作用机理和内在联系及继承关系来比较各相关因素的重要性,可以替代专家调查表方法,来降低层次分析法的随意性和主观性。

织金县苗族射弩的历史源流、价值彰显与纾解路径

文章运用文献研究法、历史研究法、逻辑思辨法等研究方法,以贵州织金县苗族射弩为例,就苗族射弩的历史源流、价值彰显、发展困境进行梳理,并对其未来发展纾解路径进行探索性研究。分析得出织金苗族射弩具有丰富业余生活、强身健体、促进经济增长、拓宽教育、增进民族认同、推动文化交流、保留历史痕迹等价值。现实困境:苗族射弩“边缘化”;现代化进程中缺乏民族文化认同导致传承人流失;西方竞技体育文化的涌入导致苗族射弩被冷落;学校体育教育的现代化价值取向导致传承路径中断。基于此,提出政府监管、文化自觉、体旅结合和教育传承等发展策略。

贵州关岭地区法郎组瓦窑段菊石类新材料

本文对采自于贵州关岭地区上三叠统卡尼阶法郎组瓦窑段上部的齿菊石目化石进行了研究,共识别出3属3种,其中包含一新种Arctosirenites mingqingensissp.nov.。Arctosirenites mingqingensis sp.nov.以具有细密横肋及粗壮腹缘瘤为特征,属Klipsteinia在华南为首次发现。根据Klipsteinia和Arctosirenites组合特征判断贵州关岭地区上三叠统法郎组瓦窑段底部时代为晚三叠世早卡尼期早期(Julian 1),上部时代归属于晚卡尼期早期(Tuvalian 1),并且认为造成法郎组瓦窑段底部的岩性变化是由于构造因素导致,而并非受到卡尼期湿润幕事件(CPE,Carnian Pluvial Episode)的影响。

贵州三穗龙湾大型铀矿床铀的赋存状态和地球化学研究

贵州三穗县龙湾铀矿床是近年勘查发现的大型铀矿床,矿体呈层状、似层状产于震旦-寒武系老堡组黑色岩系中。前人对该矿床开展了矿床地质和地球化学研究,但铀的赋存状态、成矿物质来源和成矿环境尚不明确。本文选取龙湾矿床南部的老棚剖面为研究对象,开展矿物学和全岩元素地球化学研究。研究结果表明铀主要以沥青铀矿和钛铀矿等的独立铀矿物形式存在于磷灰石矿物边缘、裂隙及孔洞处,部分以类质同象形式赋存于磷灰石的晶格中。全岩地球化学分析结果显示样品Y/Ho值为16.3~63.2(均值为40.3),Zr/Hf值为33.6~79.3(均值为42.3),靠近上地壳的值;样品具有相对平坦的稀土元素配分模式,显示无-弱Eu正异常(δEu为0.27~1.19,均值为0.82);硅质岩Ge/Si值为1.23×10^(-6)~0.15×10^(-6)(均值为0.47×10^(-6)),均接近现代海水平均值,表明龙湾铀矿床成岩成矿物质来源主要为陆源风化碎屑物质,受到海底热水作用的影响小。样品V/(V+Ni)值为0.43~0.98(均值为0.80),Ni/Co值为1.80~58.0(均值为12.7),具有明显Ce负异常(δCe值为0.31~0.81,均值为0.60),表明龙湾铀矿床形成于还原沉积环境中。综合研究表明,在新元古代晚期-晚古生代早期,黔东地区大陆风化作用为海洋提供了铀,在还原条件下形成龙湾黑色岩系型铀矿床。

基于多方法的猕猴种群数量县域快速调查与人猴冲突分析:以贵州长顺为例

近年来,猕猴(Macaca mulatta)在多地种群增长迅速且人猴冲突事件频发。摸清猕猴种群数量及其人猴冲突状况是开展有效管理的前提。本文以贵州长顺县为例,综合利用非诱导式访问、样线(带)与定点观测、红外相机配合夜宿地调查以及无人机调查等方法对贵州长顺县猕猴种群数量及人猴冲突现状进行调查分析。结果显示:(1)以95%的可靠性和62%的调查精度表明,长顺县域共分布有猕猴群体20群,总数351±138只,并集中分布于南部区域;(2)应用的调查方法各有优缺点,其中,样线(带)与定点观测法发现猴群几率较大,访问调查法较为便捷,多方法综合使用能有效弥补单一调查方法获取数据的局限性;(3)猕猴危害作物高峰期发生在6—7月,与当地主要受害作物种类玉米成熟期时间一致,同时观测到靠近山林和水源的作物更易遭受猕猴危害;(4)原住民对猕猴保护态度各有不同,其中,有47.92%的受访者对猕猴保护政策持积极态度,52.08%的受访者持消极态度,其保护态度主要受受访者主要收入来源、受教育程度和猕猴危害造成的损失程度3个因素影响。本研究可为西南山地区域性猕猴种群快速调查与保护管理决策提供有益参考。

贵州省三都县滑坡特征及分布规律研究

为提高贵州省三都县地质灾害的防灾减灾能力,通过资料收集、地质灾害调查、数理统计、GIS空间分析等手段,查明了研究区滑坡数量及特征,研究了滑坡与地质构造、工程地质岩组、斜坡结构、坡度、坡形和人类工程活动等孕灾因子的关系,总结该县滑坡发育特征与分布规律。结果表明:研究区共发育滑坡57处,多发育在坡度20°~30°范围内,相对高差主要在20~40 m之间,坡形以凸形坡为主。在地质构造方面,丰乐断层、大河断层、烂土断层影响较大,该区域发育地质灾害共35处。软质岩组、顺向坡结构的斜坡区与河流两侧地质灾害数量也较多。按照地质环境差异和滑坡分布规律进行孕灾地质条件复杂、中等和一般分区,研究成果可为地质环境条件相似的地区在风险防控方面提供参考。

贵州省县域基本公共服务均等化时空差异及其影响因素

运用熵值法和层次分析法相结合的综合赋权,基于2011—2021年贵州88个县域的相关数据,构建基本公共服务均等化的评价体系,分析贵州省县域基本公共服务均等化的时空差异情况,利用双向固定效应模型探究影响基本公共服务均等化的因素。结果表明:(1)贵州省县域基本公共服务均等化水平呈现上升趋势,空间差异特征明显,东部基本公共服务均等化水平高于西部,中部基本公共服务均等化水平最高;(2)基本公共服务均等化存在明显的空间自相关性,其空间关联具有明显的集聚特征;(3)经济发展、财政能力、金融发展和产业结构升级对基本公共服务均等化有着显著的促进作用,并且其促进作用受到坡度和高程的调节与影响。

贵州独山降尘-土壤-水体重金属分布特征

以贵州省独山县大气降尘、雨水、土壤与灌溉水样品为研究对象,对其重金属元素地球化学特征进行了分析,并对其重金属污染情况进行了评价。分析结果表明:大气降尘中重金属元素主要有As、Cd、Cr、Hg和Pb,含量排序为Hg<Cd<As<Cr<Pb;雨水重金属中元素主要有As、B、F、Hg、Pb和Zn;研究区土壤偏酸性,135件表层土壤样品中元素As、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn、Mn和Se的含量、土壤pH值与Cd的含量均呈显著正相关;灌溉水中重金属元素单因子污染指数大多数为1级,属清洁范围,仅2件样品中元素Hg为轻度污染。评价结果显示:研究区内大气降尘年通量密度平均值排序为Hg<Cd<As<Cr<Pb;土壤中Cd单因子污染指数最高,其污染贡献最大;内梅罗综合污染指数大小排序为麻尾镇和平村>基长镇尧新村>上司镇王龙村;地累积指数I_(geo)、潜在生态风险指数Er研究表明,元素Hg、Cd危害指数占比较高;灌溉水水质绝大多数达标,仅2件样品中Hg超标;土壤剖面中除Cr以外,As、Cu、Pb、Zn、Hg、Cd和Ni均具有母质层→淀积层→林滤层含量富集规律,尤其在淀积层至林滤层阶段富集加剧。研究区大气降尘主要来源为燃煤尘、交通尘;土壤重金属元素Cd超标,其污染来源为地质背景、采矿活动、工业三废和燃煤源;灌溉水Hg超标可能源于大气降尘。

贵州省县域土地节约集约利用效益空间分布特征

以贵州省88个县域为研究单元,利用熵值法及ArcGIS空间分析功能分析其土地节约集约利用效益空间分布特征。结果表明:贵州省东西部土地节约集约利用效益区域差异明显,整体呈现西高东低的分布趋势。贵州省县域土地节约集约利用的分布有较强的空间正相关性。热点区分布在贵阳市观山湖区、乌当区、白云区及遵义市汇川区、红花岗区、播州区、仁怀市和绥阳县;冷点区则主要在铜仁南部石阡、江口,黔东南州北部施秉、镇远等地集中连片分布。

贵州省习水县表层土壤硒地球化学特征及影响因素分析

本文在贵州省习水县1∶50000耕地质量地球化学调查评价工作基础上,经过取样调查分析,查明了习水县境内耕地表层土壤的环境综合质量及硒的地球化学分布特征,初步探讨了影响表层土壤硒含量高低和分布的因素。结果表明,习水县耕地土壤总体呈中性—酸性,土壤环境综合质量较好。全县耕地表层土壤硒平均含量为0.44 mg/kg,富硒(0.4~3.0 mg/kg)占比55.53%,在全县均有分布。研究区的富硒土壤分布与成土母岩有较大的关系,二叠系龙潭长兴组含煤地层发育的土壤硒含量最高可达1.374 mg/kg,最低为上侏罗统蓬莱组发育的土壤,为0.285 mg/kg;不同的土壤类型,石灰土和黄壤的硒含量较高,分别为0.75 mg/kg、0.58 mg/kg,紫色土的含量相对较低,为0.31 mg/kg;不同的土地利用类型中,茶园的硒含量最高,为0.69 mg/kg,水田最低,为0.40 mg/kg;Pearson相关性分析结果表明,有机质含量与土壤硒呈正相关关系,pH与土壤硒无显著相关性。