Motivated by recent advances made in the study of dividend control and risk management problems involving the U.S.bankruptcy code,in this paper we follow[44]to revisit the De Finetti dividend control problem under the...Motivated by recent advances made in the study of dividend control and risk management problems involving the U.S.bankruptcy code,in this paper we follow[44]to revisit the De Finetti dividend control problem under the reorganization process and the regulator's intervention documented in U.S.Chapter 11 bankruptcy.We do this by further accommodating the fixed transaction costs on dividends to imitate the real-world procedure of dividend payments.Incorporating the fixed transaction costs transforms the targeting optimal dividend problem into an impulse control problem rather than a singular control problem,and hence computations and proofs that are distinct from[44]are needed.To account for the financial stress that is due to the more subtle concept of Chapter 11 bankruptcy,the surplus process after dividends is driven by a piece-wise spectrally negative Lévy process with endogenous regime switching.Some explicit expressions of the expected net present values under a double barrier dividend strategy,new to the literature,are established in terms of scale functions.With the help of these expressions,we are able to characterize the optimal strategy among the set of admissible double barrier dividend strategies.When the tail of the Lévy measure is log-convex,this optimal double barrier dividend strategy is then verified as the optimal dividend strategy,solving our optimal impulse control problem.展开更多
The Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition was reviewed and approved by the National Medical Products Administration and the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China in July 2020.The current edition w...The Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition was reviewed and approved by the National Medical Products Administration and the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China in July 2020.The current edition was officially implemented on December 30,2020.The general chapters of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia discuss the general testing methods and guidelines,which are the common requirements and basis for the implementation of drug standards in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Owing to adherence to the principles of scientificity,versatility,operability,and sustainable development,there is an improvement in the general chapters of the 2020 edition over those of the previous editions.Further,the application of advanced and mature analytical techniques has expanded,the development of testing methods for exogenous pollutants in traditional Chinese medicines has been strengthened,and technical requirements are now better harmonized with international standards.The updated edition provides technical and methodological support to ensure safety,effectiveness,and control of pharmaceuticals in China and will play an important and active role in encouraging the application of advanced technologies,improving the quality control of medicines,and strengthening the means of drug regulation in China.This review provides a comprehensive introduction of the main features of and changes to the general chapters in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition and aims to provide reference for its correct understanding and accurate implementation.展开更多
Fu Sheng Liu Ji is a collection of autobiographical essays written by Shen Fu and it occupies a rather important place in the notebook literature of the Qing Dynasty,which has also been widely translated and spread ab...Fu Sheng Liu Ji is a collection of autobiographical essays written by Shen Fu and it occupies a rather important place in the notebook literature of the Qing Dynasty,which has also been widely translated and spread abroad.So far,there have been four English translation versions.Based on the theory of creative treason,this paper analyzed Black’s English translation from the aspects of the choice of content and the restructure,culture and language.It has been found that,as a result of the translator’s conscious or unconscious creative treason,translations may have the effect of engaging readers of the target language,transmitting the culture of the source language and facilitating literary exchange,but they may also have caused misinterpretation by readers and the loss of Chinese cultural imagery.展开更多
Six Chapters of a Floating Life is an elegant autobiographical prose. The English version of Lin Yutang is honored as one of the classic translations. As the first translator to embrace"aestheticism"from the...Six Chapters of a Floating Life is an elegant autobiographical prose. The English version of Lin Yutang is honored as one of the classic translations. As the first translator to embrace"aestheticism"from the perspective of translation in Chinese history,Lin Yutang put for ward three standards for translation, namely,"fidelity, coherence and beauty", and proposed translation aesthetics in his article On Translation. By interpreting Lin's translation work of Six Chapters of a Floating Life from the aesthetic aspect,this paper analyzes Lin Yutang's standards for"aesthetic"translation, which refers to the beauty of sound, sense, conception, form and spirit, and also reveals his enlightening contribution to translation theory construction.展开更多
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12171405 and 11661074)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Fujian Province University+2 种基金the financial support from the Characteristic&Preponderant Discipline of Key Construction Universities in Zhejiang Province(Zhejiang Gongshang University-Statistics)Collaborative Innovation Center of Statistical Data Engineering Technology&ApplicationDigital+Discipline Construction Project(SZJ2022B004)。
文摘Motivated by recent advances made in the study of dividend control and risk management problems involving the U.S.bankruptcy code,in this paper we follow[44]to revisit the De Finetti dividend control problem under the reorganization process and the regulator's intervention documented in U.S.Chapter 11 bankruptcy.We do this by further accommodating the fixed transaction costs on dividends to imitate the real-world procedure of dividend payments.Incorporating the fixed transaction costs transforms the targeting optimal dividend problem into an impulse control problem rather than a singular control problem,and hence computations and proofs that are distinct from[44]are needed.To account for the financial stress that is due to the more subtle concept of Chapter 11 bankruptcy,the surplus process after dividends is driven by a piece-wise spectrally negative Lévy process with endogenous regime switching.Some explicit expressions of the expected net present values under a double barrier dividend strategy,new to the literature,are established in terms of scale functions.With the help of these expressions,we are able to characterize the optimal strategy among the set of admissible double barrier dividend strategies.When the tail of the Lévy measure is log-convex,this optimal double barrier dividend strategy is then verified as the optimal dividend strategy,solving our optimal impulse control problem.
基金financial support from the Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission Drug Standard Promoting Funds and Comprehensive Reform of the Chinese Drug and Medical Device Review and Approval System Funds(2015e2020)。
文摘The Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition was reviewed and approved by the National Medical Products Administration and the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China in July 2020.The current edition was officially implemented on December 30,2020.The general chapters of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia discuss the general testing methods and guidelines,which are the common requirements and basis for the implementation of drug standards in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Owing to adherence to the principles of scientificity,versatility,operability,and sustainable development,there is an improvement in the general chapters of the 2020 edition over those of the previous editions.Further,the application of advanced and mature analytical techniques has expanded,the development of testing methods for exogenous pollutants in traditional Chinese medicines has been strengthened,and technical requirements are now better harmonized with international standards.The updated edition provides technical and methodological support to ensure safety,effectiveness,and control of pharmaceuticals in China and will play an important and active role in encouraging the application of advanced technologies,improving the quality control of medicines,and strengthening the means of drug regulation in China.This review provides a comprehensive introduction of the main features of and changes to the general chapters in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition and aims to provide reference for its correct understanding and accurate implementation.
文摘Fu Sheng Liu Ji is a collection of autobiographical essays written by Shen Fu and it occupies a rather important place in the notebook literature of the Qing Dynasty,which has also been widely translated and spread abroad.So far,there have been four English translation versions.Based on the theory of creative treason,this paper analyzed Black’s English translation from the aspects of the choice of content and the restructure,culture and language.It has been found that,as a result of the translator’s conscious or unconscious creative treason,translations may have the effect of engaging readers of the target language,transmitting the culture of the source language and facilitating literary exchange,but they may also have caused misinterpretation by readers and the loss of Chinese cultural imagery.
文摘Six Chapters of a Floating Life is an elegant autobiographical prose. The English version of Lin Yutang is honored as one of the classic translations. As the first translator to embrace"aestheticism"from the perspective of translation in Chinese history,Lin Yutang put for ward three standards for translation, namely,"fidelity, coherence and beauty", and proposed translation aesthetics in his article On Translation. By interpreting Lin's translation work of Six Chapters of a Floating Life from the aesthetic aspect,this paper analyzes Lin Yutang's standards for"aesthetic"translation, which refers to the beauty of sound, sense, conception, form and spirit, and also reveals his enlightening contribution to translation theory construction.
