Manipulating Horizontal Zn Deposition with Graphene Interpenetrated Zn Hybrid Foils for Dendrite-Free Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries

Aqueous zinc ion batteries(ZIBs)with intrinsic safety have great potentials in portable devices,but suffer from limited cycling life mainly caused by serious dendrite growth and unavoidable side reactions of Zn anodes.Herein,graphene interpenetrated Zn(GiZn)hybrid foils are developed for dendrite-free and long-term Zn anodes for high-performance ZIBs.The GiZn anode is prepared by interfacial assembly of reduced graphene oxide(rGO)on the skeletons of zinc foams,followed by mechanical compression into hybrid foils and drying process.The presence of the rGO nanosheets in the GiZn hybrid foils provides abundant zincophilic sites to induce horizontal Zn deposition for Zn metal anodes without the growth of dendrites.Meanwhile,the uniform distribution of rGO nanosheets endows the hybrid foils with superior conductivity and wetting ability with electrolytes for reduced interfacial resistances.As a result,GiZn-based symmetric cells exhibit a small voltage hysteresis of 30.4 mV and remarkable areal capacity of 30 mAh cm^(-2)at 0.5 mA cm^(-2).Further,GiZn anodes also enable the corresponding aqueous Zn||MnO_(2)batteries with high capacity of 168.5 mAh g^(-1)at 8 C,superior to the counterpart with pure Zn foil anodes(72.7 mAh g^(-1)).Therefore,GiZn hybrid foil anodes will shed light on the rational construction of 2D material-interpenetrated Zn hybrid foil anodes for high-performance ZIBs.

Maternal zinc alleviates tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress on embryonic development involving the activation of Nrf2/PGC-1αpathway

Background Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(ROS)damages embryonic development and leads to growth arrest.Objective The purpose of this study is to elucidate whether maternal zinc(Zn)exert protective effect on oxidative stress targeting mitochondrial function using an avian model.Result In ovo injected tert-butyl hydroperoxide(BHP)increases(P<0.05)hepatic mitochondrial ROS,malondialdehyde(MDA)and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine(8-OHdG),and decreases(P<0.05)mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)copy number and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)content,contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction.In vivo and in vitro studies revealed that Zn addition enhances(P<0.05)ATP synthesis and metallothionein 4(MT4)content and expression as well as alleviates(P<0.05)the BHP-induced mitochondrial ROS generation,oxidative damage and dysfunction,exerting a protective effect on mitochondrial function by enhancing antioxidant capacity and upregulating the mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2 and PGC-1α.Conclusions The present study provides a new way to protect offspring against oxidative damage by maternal Zn supplementation through the process of targeting mitochondria involving the activation of Nrf2/PGC-1αsignaling.

Recent Advances in Aqueous Zn||MnO_(2)Batteries

Recently,rechargeable aqueous zinc-based batteries using manganese oxide as the cathode(e.g.,MnO_(2))have gained attention due to their inherent safety,environmental friendliness,and low cost.Despite their potential,achieving high energy density in Zn||MnO_(2)batteries remains challenging,highlighting the need to understand the electrochemical reaction mechanisms underlying these batteries more deeply and optimize battery components,including electrodes and electrolytes.This review comprehensively summarizes the latest advancements for understanding the electrochemistry reaction mechanisms and designing electrodes and electrolytes for Zn||MnO_(2)batteries in mildly and strongly acidic environments.Furthermore,we highlight the key challenges hindering the extensive application of Zn||MnO_(2)batteries,including high-voltage requirements and areal capacity,and propose innovative solutions to overcome these challenges.We suggest that MnO_(2)/Mn^(2+)conversion in neutral electrolytes is a crucial aspect that needs to be addressed to achieve high-performance Zn||MnO_(2)batteries.These approaches could lead to breakthroughs in the future development of Zn||MnO_(2)batteries,off ering a more sustainable,costeff ective,and high-performance alternative to traditional batteries.

Zn胁迫下玉蝉花的耐性和富集转运

采用基质栽培法,研究了5种不同浓度Zn胁迫下的玉蝉花(Iris ensata)的耐性以及富集转运特征。结果表明,随着Zn胁迫浓度的升高,玉蝉花的生物量、株高、叶宽、叶面积逐渐减小,根冠比和根长分别呈先增大后减少、先减少后增加再减少的趋势;净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)随着胁迫浓度的升高表现出相似的下降趋势,而胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)逐渐增大,各处理间差异显著(P<0.05);总叶绿素和叶绿素a含量、叶绿素a/b随着浓度升高而不断下降,叶绿素b含量在Zn浓度为200 mg·kg^(-1)时最大,在高浓度胁迫下逐渐降低。Zn含量升高使玉蝉花体内丙二醛(MDA)含量显著增加,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性升高,过氧化物酶(POD)活性先升高后降低,过氧化氢酶(CAT)含量在Zn浓度为1 000 mg·kg^(-1)时最高,在2 000 mg·kg^(-1)时最低。在不同程度的Zn污染下,玉蝉花的富集量随着浓度升高呈不断上升趋势,地下部分富集量始终高于地上部。在2 000 mg·kg^(-1)时到达吸收顶峰,总富集量高达15 844.44mg·kg^(-1),转运系数为0.733。亚细胞分布结果表明,Zn主要分布于细胞壁和可溶性物质中。综合看,玉蝉花在Zn浓度为200~2 000 mg·kg^(-1)的土壤上栽植均受到了不同程度的影响,可以为其今后的园林应用提供一定的理论依据。

In-situ physical/chemical cross-linked hydrogel electrolyte achieving ultra-stable zinc anode-electrolyte interface towards dendrite-free zinc ion battery

Hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),zinc corrosion,and dendrites growth on zinc metal anode are the major issues limiting the practical applications of zinc-ion batteries.Herein,an in-situ physical/chemical cross-linked hydrogel electrolyte(carrageenan/polyacrylamide/ZnSO_(4),denoted as CPZ)has been developed to stabilize the zinc anode-electrolyte interface,which can eliminate side reactions and prevent dendrites growth.The in-situ CPZ hydrogel electrolyte improves the reversibility of zinc anode due to eliminating side reactions caused by active water molecules.Furthermore,the electrostatic interaction between the SO_(4)^(-)groups in CPZ and Zn^(2+)can encourage the preferential deposition of zinc atoms on(002)crystal plane,which achieve dendrite-free and homogeneous zinc deposition.The in-situ hydrogel electrolyte offers a streamlined approach to battery manufacturing by allowing for direct integration into the battery.Subsequently,the Zn//Zn half battery with CPZ hydrogel electrolyte can enable an ultra-long cycle over 5500 h at a current density of 0.5 mA cm^(-2),and the Zn//Cu half battery reach an average coulombic efficiency of 99.37%.The Zn//V_(2)O_5-GO full battery with CPZ hydrogel electrolyte demonstrates94.5%of capacity retention after 2100 cycles.This study is expected to open new thought for the development of commercial hydrogel electrolytes for low-cost and long-life zinc-ion batteries.

医用可降解Zn-Sn-Cu合金的力学及腐蚀性能研究

可生物降解锌及其合金具有良好的生物相容性和降解速率,在生物医用材料领域具有广阔的应用前景。但纯锌的力学性能不足,如强度低、可塑性差,限制了其临床应用。在此,采用重力铸造制备了新的三元Zn-3Sn-x Cu(x=0,1,2,3wt%)合金,旨在通过与铜(Cu)的微合金化来获得良好的耐腐蚀性和生物相容性,并提高力学性能。通过金相分析、拉伸试验、显微硬度测试以及电化学和浸泡试验,分析其微观结构、力学性能及耐蚀性能。结果表明,Cu的加入,使得合金具有更高的强度和硬度;体外降解试验表明:Zn-3Sn-x Cu(x=0,1,2,3wt%)合金的降解速率较Zn-3Sn合金有较幅的提升,满足可降解医用材料的标准,有望成为一种新型可降解医用材料。

火焰喷涂纯锌和Zn-Al合金涂层的耐腐蚀性能

在6061-T6铝合金表面制备了火焰喷涂纯锌、Zn-15Al合金和Zn-30Al合金涂层,研究了不同涂层的微观形貌、耐中性盐雾腐蚀性能和电化学性能。结果表明:纯锌、Zn-15Al合金和Zn-30Al合金涂层截面结构致密,孔隙率依次降低,与基体呈机械结合;经中性盐雾腐蚀后,纯锌、Zn-15Al合金与Zn-30Al合金涂层的腐蚀质量增加和腐蚀速率依次减小,Zn-30Al合金涂层表现出最好的耐中性盐雾腐蚀性;在人工海水溶液中,3种涂层的开路电位均低于铝合金基体,可以对基体进行牺牲阳极保护;相比纯锌涂层,Zn-15Al合金和Zn-30Al合金涂层的自腐蚀电流密度更小,自腐蚀电位更高,腐蚀速率更小,腐蚀倾向更低;随着浸泡腐蚀时间延长,Zn-15Al合金涂层的耐腐蚀性能无显著变化,Zn-30Al合金涂层的耐腐蚀性能逐渐增强。Zn-30Al合金涂层表现出最好的耐电化学腐蚀性。

基于microRNA-21响应的Zn^(2+)/DNA自组装体用于肿瘤的检测和氧化应激治疗

DNA材料具有的特异性、可编程性和生物相容性,使得其在生物检测和药物递送方面具有很大的应用优势。为了进一步拓展DNA材料的应用和合成方法,本文报道了利用DNA与金属离子之间的配合作用,简单高效地制备具有肿瘤标志物micro RNA-21(mi R-21)响应性的Zn^(2+)/DNA自组装纳米粒子(ZDNPs)。通过粒子中DNA发卡结构与mi R-21的特异性互补,激活荧光信号并释放Zn^(2+),导致细胞内产生大量活性氧,从而用于肿瘤的荧光成像和氧化应激治疗。合成的ZDNPs为形状均匀的球形粒子,能有效对Zn^(2+)进行装载。通过ZDNPs对mi R-21的响应性实验,验证了ZDNPs与miR-21浓度之间具有良好的线性响应荧光信号,线性响应范围在5~160 nmol/L,检测限为5 nmol/L,且具备特异性。此外,本文对ZDNPs在细胞内的作用效果也进行了研究,结果表明其能在肿瘤细胞内进行响应性的荧光成像,并能通过氧化应激途径介导肿瘤细胞凋亡。在活体的荧光成像和肿瘤治疗中,ZDNPs在肿瘤病灶部位体现出特异性和持续性的示踪能力,并且对肿瘤产生了明显的生长抑制效果。

Cu_(54-56)Zn_(40-44)再生铜合金棒材成形工艺及性能研究

目的促进多杂质元素的废杂铜低成本高效回收,实现二次资源的绿色循环利用。方法基于现有废杂铜直接利用法生产再生黄铜合金棒材,通过废杂铜原料→依成分配料→熔铸合金化→挤压成形→无心车床处理→去应力退火工艺路线,得到了稳定合格的低铜精密棒材成品。结果废杂铜原料的搭配使用是控制杂质元素含量超标的关键环节,需要结合经验值进行合理配方。熔炼工序,在助熔剂、清渣剂、精炼剂和覆盖剂等的作用下,皆可有效减少熔体中的杂质元素,制备出高品质水平连铸铸锭;加工工序,在微量元素的有益范围内,生产的精密再生黄铜棒材抗拉强度≥560 MPa,延伸率≥22%。结论在制备低铜精密再生黄铜合金棒材过程中,开发了一条生产稳定低铜再生黄铜合金产品的工艺路线,实现了废杂铜原料高品质再生。

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金的热变形行为研究

以7000系Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金为研究材料,在Gleeble1500热模拟试验机上进行变形温度250~400℃,应变速率0.01~10 s^(-1)条件下的等温压缩试验。研究结果表明:合金在等温压缩过程中的流变应力随着应变速率的增大而增大,随着变形温度的增大而减小。当应变速率为10 s^(-1),变形温度为250℃时,合金的峰值应力可达205 MPa。大部分的真应力-应变曲线呈现动态再结晶特征,结合TEM分析,动态再结晶的形成机制是位错通过滑移和攀移逐渐演变成小角度晶界(2°~15°)和大角度晶界(>15°),依靠位错重排在原始晶粒内部形成亚结构,最终形成完整晶界。同时,采用Arrhenius模型和Zener-Hollomon参数方程,构建了Al-Zn-MgCu-Zr合金的本构方程,其中合金的平均变形激活能为324 187 J/mol。此外,通过Prasad失稳判据等模型,构建了0.2、0.4以及0.6应变下的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金的热加工图,获得可加工窗口为:252~400℃,0.01~0.015 s^(-1)。

Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Rice Root to La^(3+),Ce^(3+) and Zn^(2+) Stress

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the physiological and biochemi- cal effects of lanthanum （La3＋）, cerium （Ce3＋）, zinc （Zn2＋） on rice roots and explore the environmental effects of excessive application of rare earth. [Method] By using rare earth elements La3＋ and Ce3＋, and nutritional and toxic heavy metal element Zn2＋ as stress factors, the effects of these three elements on the germination of rice seeds, growth and development of seedlings were studied and compared by using tissue culture method. [Result] La3＋, Ce3＋ and Zn2＋ had no significant effect on germi- nation rate of rice seeds but significant inhibition effects on the growth of roots and shoots of rice seedlings, and the inhibition effects of rare earth elements in high concentrations were stronger than Zn2＋; the content of soluble protein in rice roots showed a rising-decreasing trend with the increasing concentrations of three metal ions, La3＋ and Ce3＋ were more sensitive than Zn2＋; the activities of CAT and POD increased with the increasing concentrations of La3. and Ce3＋, while the SOD activity had shown the tendency of decreased first and increased later; the three metal ions all could significantly stimulate the rapid accumulation of MDA in rice roots. La3＋ and Ce3＋ had stronger toxic effects at high concentrations than Zn2＋, [Conclusion] Toxic mechanism of rare earth elements La＋ and Ce3. is similar to that of heavy metal el- ement Zn2＋. Rare earth might become a new type of pollution in the long run.

CdZnTe衬底的退火改性技术研究

针对高性能碲镉汞红外探测器对碲锌镉(CdZnTe)衬底质量需求的不断提升,采用高温-真空退火方式,对碲锌镉衬底进行退火改性研究。结果发现:碲锌镉衬底的红外透过率得到明显地改善,在红外波段(2.5~25μm)均达到60%以上;晶片中的第二相夹杂得到极大地改善,可实现无大于1μm的第二相夹杂,即可实现红外显微镜下夹杂不可见;Zn组分分布均匀性得到极大地改善,通过退火分压的调节,可实现衬底中Zn组分可调和Zn值的组分均匀分布,其中Zn组分可控制在0.044~0.051范围内,成分标准偏差可控制在0.001以下,衬底的组分可控和均匀分布为大面阵碲镉汞红外探测器的质量提升奠定了坚实的材料基础。

双峰基面织构对Mg-2.6Nd-0.55Zn-0.5Zr合金弯曲应力及显微组织演变的影响

沿Mg-2.6Nd-0.55Zn-0.5Zr板材挤压方向(ED)和横向(TD)分别切取试样,研究双峰基面织构对其弯曲应力及显微组织演变的影响。结果显示,具有弱基面织构的ED试样比TD试样的弯曲应力低很多。这种各向异性是不同织构状态对变形机制及显微组织演变的作用所导致的。对于具有弱基面织构的ED试样,其主要的变形机制是基面滑移:内侧区域存在少量的{10■2}拉伸孪生,而外侧区域则是基面滑移和柱面滑移。相比之下,具有强基面织构的TD试样在内侧区域激活更多的{10■2}拉伸孪生,在外侧区域激活更多的柱面滑移。{10■2}拉伸孪生的激活一方面促使<0002>//压缩方向类型的织构增加,使内侧区域的织构角度限制在±30°范围内,另一方面减少高位错密度和低角度晶界的出现几率。{10■2}拉伸孪生的大量激活使TD试样保持高应变硬化能力,是该试样具有较高弯曲应力的根本原因。

Effects of Selenium and Zinc on Renal Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Induced by Fluoride in Rats

Objective To study the effects of selenium and zinc on oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cell cycle changes in rat renal cells induced by fluoride. Methods Wistar rats were given distilled water containing sodium fluoride （50 mg/L NaF） and were gavaged with different doses of selenium-zinc preparation for six months. Four groups were used and each group had eight animals （four males and four females）. Group one, sham-handled control; group two, 50 mg/L NaF; group three, 50 mg/L NaF with a low dose of selenium-zinc preparation （0.1 mg/kg Na2 SeO3 and 14.8 mg/kg ZnSO4 · 7H2O）; and group four, 50 mg/L NaF with a high dose of selenium-zinc preparation （0.2 mg/kg Na2 SeO3 and29.6 mg/kg ZnSO4 · 7H20）. The activities of serum glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）, kidney superoxide dismutase （SOD）, and the levels of malondialdehyde （MDA） and glutathione （GSH） in the kidney were measured to assess the oxidative stress. Kidney cell apoptosis and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry. Results NaF at the dose of 50 mg/L increased excretion of fluoride in urine, promoted activity of urine γ -glutarnyl transpeptidase （ γ -GT）, inhibited activity of serum GSH-PX and kidney SOD, reduce kidney GSH content, and increased kidney MDA. NaF at the dose of 50 mg/L also induced rat renal apoptosls, reduced the cell number of G2/M phase in cell cycle, and decreased DNA relative content significantly. Selenium and zinc inhibited effects of NaF on oxidative stress and apoptosis, promoted the cell number of G2/M phase in cell cycle, but failed to increase relative DNA content significantly. Conclusion Sodium fluoride administered at the dose of 50 mg/L for six months induced oxidative stress and apoptosis, and changes the cell cycle in rat renal cells. Selenium and zinc antagonize oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cell cycle changes induced by excess fluoride.

Gene Expression and Activities of SOD in Cucumber Seedlings Were Related with Concentrations of Mn^(2+),Cu^(2+),or Zn^(2+) Under Low Temperature Stress

Effects of increasing Mn^2＋, Cu^2＋, or Zn^2＋ on SOD expressions were studied in cucumber seedlings under low temperature stress. Both gene expressions and activities of Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD in cucumber seedling leaves were induced by increasing Mn^2＋, Cu^2＋, or Zn^2＋ under low temperature stress, especially 48 h afterwards. The activities of Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD at 0 and 48 h after treatment were in accordance with their gene expression levels, which implied that the transcriptional regulation plays key roles in regulating their activities at the early stage of low temperature stress. Gene expressions of Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD declined at 96 h, but Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD activities still remain high, which suggested that Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD activities might be regulated by other factors after transcription at the later stage of low temperature stress. Therefore, we concluded that the increasing Mn^2＋, Cu^2＋, or Zn^2＋ could increase the capacity of scavenging ROS in cucumber seedlings under low temperature stress by inducing gene expressions of Cu/ Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD, elevating activities of Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, or regulating other factors after transcription.

Correlations among stress corrosion cracking,grain-boundary microchemistry,and Zn content in high Zn-containing Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys

The correlations among the corrosion behaviour,grain-boundary microchemistry,and Zn content in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys were studied using stress corrosion cracking(SCC)and intergranular corrosion(IGC)tests,combined with scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and high-angle angular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy(HAADF-STEM)microstructural examinations.The results showed that the tensile strength enhancement of high Zn-containing Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys was mainly attributed to the high density nano-scale matrix precipitates.The SCC plateau velocity for the alloy with 11.0 wt.%Zn was about an order of magnitude greater than that of the alloy with 7.9 wt.%Zn,which was mainly associated with Zn enrichment in grain boundary precipitates and wide precipitates-free zones.The SCC mechanisms of different Zn-containing alloys were discussed based on fracture features,grain-boundary microchemistry,and electrochemical properties.

Electrodeposition of Zn(O,S)(zinc oxysulfide)thin films:Exploiting its thermodynamic and kinetic processes with incorporation of tartaric acid

Zn（O,S）（zinc oxysulfide） is an important chalcogenide material recently reported to be potentially applied as electrode buffers in thin film solar cells. Both vacuum and solution approaches have enabled the fabrication of Zn（O,S） films. However they either require extreme conditions and high energy consumption for synthesis, or suffer from lack of controllability mainly due to the thermodynamic and kinetic distinction between Zn O and Zn S during film growth. Here we demonstrated an effective electrodeposition route to obtain high-quality Zn（O,S） thin films in a controllable manner. Importantly, tartaric acid was employed as a secondary complexing agent in the electrolyte to improve the film morphology, as well as to adjust other key properties such as composition and absorption. To elucidate the vital role that tartaric acid played, thermodynamic and kinetic processes of electrodeposition was investigated and discussed in detail. The accumulative contribution has shed light on further exploit of Zn（O,S） with tunable properties and optimization of the corresponding electrodeposition process, for the application in thin film solar cells.

Temperature-dependent bias-stress-induced electrical instability of amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide thin-film transistors

The time and temperature dependence of threshold voltage shift under positive-bias stress（PBS） and the following recovery process are investigated in amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide（a-IGZO） thin-film transistors. It is found that the time dependence of threshold voltage shift can be well described by a stretched exponential equation in which the time constant τ is found to be temperature dependent. Based on Arrhenius plots, an average effective energy barrier Eτ stress= 0.72 eV for the PBS process and an average effective energy barrier Eτ recovery= 0.58 eV for the recovery process are extracted respectively. A charge trapping/detrapping model is used to explain the threshold voltage shift in both the PBS and the recovery process. The influence of gate bias stress on transistor performance is one of the most critical issues for practical device development.

QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF STRESS-STRAIN HYSTERESIS LOOPS OF Cu-Zn-Al SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY

A six-parameter mathematical model was introduced to simulate the stress-strain hysteresis and the sinner hysteresis of polycrystalline shape memory alloys (SMAs). By the comparison with experiments of Cu-Zn-Al SMA, it was shown that the model could be used to calculate the stress-strain relations with rather good accuracy. Moreover, it was found that the six parameters introduced in this paper represented the characteristics of the stress-strain hysteresis of polycrystalline SMAs and could be used to characterize the hysteresis quantitatively.

Zn含量对Al-xZn-1.5Mg-1.0Cu合金淬火敏感性的影响

通过浸入式末端淬火与室温拉伸实验,结合相图和时间-温度-转化率(TTT)曲线、差示扫描量热分析及扫描电镜、透射电镜等手段,研究了Zn含量(6.00%~9.08%,质量分数)对Al-xZn-1.5Mg-1.0Cu合金淬火敏感性的影响。结果表明:当淬火速率从200℃/s减小至70℃/s时,Zn含量为8.10%的合金(8Zn alloy)的淬火敏感性最高,Zn含量为6.00%的合金(6Zn alloy)其次,Zn含量分别为7.09%和9.08%的合金(7Zn alloy,9Zn alloy)的淬火敏感性相当且最低;当淬火速率进一步降低时,Zn含量为9.08%的合金(9Zn alloy)的淬火敏感性快速提高;当淬火速率低于约32℃/s时,随着Zn含量从6.00%增加到7.09%,淬火敏感性基本保持不变;然后随着Zn含量从8.10%增加到9.08%,合金的淬火敏感性迅速增加。结合电导率和淬火诱导相面积分数的结果,从淬火诱导相的析出驱动力和形核位置及数量差异的角度,对Zn含量影响淬火敏感性的机理进行了分析讨论。