Winter jujube orchard nitrogen (N) management aims at increasing N reserves to meet the tree’s growth requirements. Fertilization strategies should maximize the efficiency of fertilizers, including the choice of the ...Winter jujube orchard nitrogen (N) management aims at increasing N reserves to meet the tree’s growth requirements. Fertilization strategies should maximize the efficiency of fertilizers, including the choice of the optimal timing of N supply. 15N-urea was applied to winter jujubes on Jinsixiaozao jujubes rootstock to evaluate the effect of application timing on N- storage and remobilization in mature trees in pot culture. The treatments consisted of ground application before budding (BB), during fruit core-hardening stage (FCH), and fruit rapid-swelling stage (FRS). Nitrogen-use efficiency of treatments were significantly different, which were 2.42% (BB), 9.77% (FCH), and 9.01% (FRS) in the dormant and 5.20% (BB), 16.16% (FCH), and 10.30% (FRS) in the following full-bloom. N supply in the pre-harvest helped to increase N-reserves of trees and then translocate to the new growth organs the following year. The largest amount of 15N was detected in the roots and trunks. In all the treatments, the partition rates were highest in coarse roots, which were 30.43% (BB), 38.61% (FCH), and 40.62% (FRS), respectively. 15N stored in roots and trunks was used by jujube trees to sustain new growth in the following full-bloom. 15N applied before budding resulted in lower Ndff% in perennial organs (trunks and coarse roots) sampled in the following full-bloom, but fine roots had highest Ndff% (1.28%). Other organs recovered similar amount of Ndff%. In contrast, FCH and FRS treatments led to higher Ndff% (4.01-5.15%) in the new growth organs (new growth branches, deciduous spurs, leaves and flowers), but lower Ndff% in perennial branches (1.49-2.89%). With the delay of 15N-urea application time, 15N increased the partitioning to roots. FCH treatment increased N-storage in perennial organ during winter, which should be remobilized to sustain new growth the following spring.展开更多
Using ultradry method and accelerated aging, storage behavior of Ziziphus jujuba var spinosa seeds with MC of 15-80 g/kg was studied. The results showed that seeds with MC of 24-80 g/kg could maintain the stabilizatio...Using ultradry method and accelerated aging, storage behavior of Ziziphus jujuba var spinosa seeds with MC of 15-80 g/kg was studied. The results showed that seeds with MC of 24-80 g/kg could maintain the stabilization in germination percentage, vigor, relative conductivity, and enzyme activities; and during the ageing the seed storability increased with the moisture content decreased to 24 g/kg. Thus, it was feasible for the seeds to be stored under the ultra-dried condition.展开更多
The leaf anatomic structure of %Zizyphus jujuba% var. %spinosa% from seashore to western arid area (near 37° N latitude) of China were investigated with both a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope....The leaf anatomic structure of %Zizyphus jujuba% var. %spinosa% from seashore to western arid area (near 37° N latitude) of China were investigated with both a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The results showed that all provenances shared the following common features. The distribution of stomata was generally uniform on the abaxial surface, and the type of stomatal apparatus was mainly anomocytic. The upper epidermis was formed by one layer of cells with tight, regular arrangement, and the lower epidermis was also formed by one layer of cells, and the type of anticlinal cell wall on both the upper and on the lower epidermis was straight. In the contrast, there were some differences in the anatomic characteristics among the provenances. With the decrease of water content in the habitats, (1) the stomatas became smaller gradually, and the density of stomata increase gradually; (2) the cells of both the upper and the lower epidermis became smaller gradually; (3) thickness of the upper and the lower cuticle, as well as the thickness of leaf, increased gradually; (4) bifacial leaf changed to isobilateral leaf; (5) the proportion of palisade tissue increased gradually, whereas the spongy tissue decreased; (6) diameter of midrib vessels and of midrib vascular bundles increased gradually; (7) the epidermis ornament changed in an order of smoothness, strip, reticulation, and mountain-like that represented the leaf structural characteristics of xerophytes. The results also showed that the sequence of the drought resistance delicacy was thickness of upper cuticle>density of stomata in proximal surface, size of stomata in proximal surface (length/width), thickness of lower cuticle, thickness of palisade, and thickness of spongy>average length of stomata, average length/width of upper epidermis cells, thickness of leaf, value of CTR, thickness of upper epiderm cell, thickness of lower epidermic cell, layers of palisade>diameter of midrib vascular bundle, average width of stomata, the area of stomata in proximal surface, average length of lower epidermis cells, and average length/width of lower epidermis cells>average length/width of palisade tissue cell.展开更多
为了探讨枣与酸枣资源的遗传多样性以及两者的亲缘关系，采用7对 SSR 引物，对16份枣品种（系）和17份酸枣的遗传多样性进行分析。结果表明：16份枣样品共扩增出56个等位基因，有效等位基因数（ Ne）为3.798~10.000，平均为6.953，Shan...为了探讨枣与酸枣资源的遗传多样性以及两者的亲缘关系，采用7对 SSR 引物，对16份枣品种（系）和17份酸枣的遗传多样性进行分析。结果表明：16份枣样品共扩增出56个等位基因，有效等位基因数（ Ne）为3.798~10.000，平均为6.953，Shannon′s信息指数（I）为1.984，期望杂合度（He）为0.837；17份酸枣样品扩增后共检测出73个等位基因，等位基因的有效数目（Ne）为3.273~11.840，平均为7.398，Shannon′s信息指数（I）为2.105，期望杂合度（He）为0.843；枣和酸枣的遗传多样性都很丰富，酸枣的遗传多样性水平高于枣；GenAlEx分析得出，枣和酸枣居群种间遗传分化系数（Fst）为0.055，居群种间基因流（Nm）平均值为4.295，说明居群间基因交流比较频繁。NTSYSpc 聚类分析表明，SSR分子标记可以将枣和酸枣划分为枣类、酸枣类和过渡类3个类群。展开更多
文摘Winter jujube orchard nitrogen (N) management aims at increasing N reserves to meet the tree’s growth requirements. Fertilization strategies should maximize the efficiency of fertilizers, including the choice of the optimal timing of N supply. 15N-urea was applied to winter jujubes on Jinsixiaozao jujubes rootstock to evaluate the effect of application timing on N- storage and remobilization in mature trees in pot culture. The treatments consisted of ground application before budding (BB), during fruit core-hardening stage (FCH), and fruit rapid-swelling stage (FRS). Nitrogen-use efficiency of treatments were significantly different, which were 2.42% (BB), 9.77% (FCH), and 9.01% (FRS) in the dormant and 5.20% (BB), 16.16% (FCH), and 10.30% (FRS) in the following full-bloom. N supply in the pre-harvest helped to increase N-reserves of trees and then translocate to the new growth organs the following year. The largest amount of 15N was detected in the roots and trunks. In all the treatments, the partition rates were highest in coarse roots, which were 30.43% (BB), 38.61% (FCH), and 40.62% (FRS), respectively. 15N stored in roots and trunks was used by jujube trees to sustain new growth in the following full-bloom. 15N applied before budding resulted in lower Ndff% in perennial organs (trunks and coarse roots) sampled in the following full-bloom, but fine roots had highest Ndff% (1.28%). Other organs recovered similar amount of Ndff%. In contrast, FCH and FRS treatments led to higher Ndff% (4.01-5.15%) in the new growth organs (new growth branches, deciduous spurs, leaves and flowers), but lower Ndff% in perennial branches (1.49-2.89%). With the delay of 15N-urea application time, 15N increased the partitioning to roots. FCH treatment increased N-storage in perennial organ during winter, which should be remobilized to sustain new growth the following spring.
基金foundation projects and is supported by the National Key Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs of China ( No.2006BAD09B06 and 2006BAD03A0308)the "948" Program of the Ministry of Water Resources of China( No. 200207)
文摘Using ultradry method and accelerated aging, storage behavior of Ziziphus jujuba var spinosa seeds with MC of 15-80 g/kg was studied. The results showed that seeds with MC of 24-80 g/kg could maintain the stabilization in germination percentage, vigor, relative conductivity, and enzyme activities; and during the ageing the seed storability increased with the moisture content decreased to 24 g/kg. Thus, it was feasible for the seeds to be stored under the ultra-dried condition.
文摘The leaf anatomic structure of %Zizyphus jujuba% var. %spinosa% from seashore to western arid area (near 37° N latitude) of China were investigated with both a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The results showed that all provenances shared the following common features. The distribution of stomata was generally uniform on the abaxial surface, and the type of stomatal apparatus was mainly anomocytic. The upper epidermis was formed by one layer of cells with tight, regular arrangement, and the lower epidermis was also formed by one layer of cells, and the type of anticlinal cell wall on both the upper and on the lower epidermis was straight. In the contrast, there were some differences in the anatomic characteristics among the provenances. With the decrease of water content in the habitats, (1) the stomatas became smaller gradually, and the density of stomata increase gradually; (2) the cells of both the upper and the lower epidermis became smaller gradually; (3) thickness of the upper and the lower cuticle, as well as the thickness of leaf, increased gradually; (4) bifacial leaf changed to isobilateral leaf; (5) the proportion of palisade tissue increased gradually, whereas the spongy tissue decreased; (6) diameter of midrib vessels and of midrib vascular bundles increased gradually; (7) the epidermis ornament changed in an order of smoothness, strip, reticulation, and mountain-like that represented the leaf structural characteristics of xerophytes. The results also showed that the sequence of the drought resistance delicacy was thickness of upper cuticle>density of stomata in proximal surface, size of stomata in proximal surface (length/width), thickness of lower cuticle, thickness of palisade, and thickness of spongy>average length of stomata, average length/width of upper epidermis cells, thickness of leaf, value of CTR, thickness of upper epiderm cell, thickness of lower epidermic cell, layers of palisade>diameter of midrib vascular bundle, average width of stomata, the area of stomata in proximal surface, average length of lower epidermis cells, and average length/width of lower epidermis cells>average length/width of palisade tissue cell.
文摘为了探讨枣与酸枣资源的遗传多样性以及两者的亲缘关系，采用7对 SSR 引物，对16份枣品种（系）和17份酸枣的遗传多样性进行分析。结果表明：16份枣样品共扩增出56个等位基因，有效等位基因数（ Ne）为3.798~10.000，平均为6.953，Shannon′s信息指数（I）为1.984，期望杂合度（He）为0.837；17份酸枣样品扩增后共检测出73个等位基因，等位基因的有效数目（Ne）为3.273~11.840，平均为7.398，Shannon′s信息指数（I）为2.105，期望杂合度（He）为0.843；枣和酸枣的遗传多样性都很丰富，酸枣的遗传多样性水平高于枣；GenAlEx分析得出，枣和酸枣居群种间遗传分化系数（Fst）为0.055，居群种间基因流（Nm）平均值为4.295，说明居群间基因交流比较频繁。NTSYSpc 聚类分析表明，SSR分子标记可以将枣和酸枣划分为枣类、酸枣类和过渡类3个类群。
