枣(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)品种结实特性研究

对河北省沧县枣种质资源圃124个和山西果树研究所国家枣种质资源圃156个枣品种(品系)在自花授粉和自然授粉条件下的结实及种仁发育情况进行了调查。结果表明,供试品种自然授粉和自花授粉条件下的平均结实率(结果数/100枣吊)分别为37.06%、20.63%,变幅分别为4.17%～175.00%、0%～163.64%,平均可育率(含仁果实/果实总数×100%)分别为12.10%、3.07%,变幅均为0%～100%;自花结实率和自然结实率极显著正相关,相关系数0.597;供试枣品种可分成自花不实异花可实不育、自花不实异花可育、自花异花均可实不育、自花可实不育异花可育、自花异花都可育等5种结实类型,分别占总品种数的10.27%、16.06%、45.19%、17.15%、11.33%;筛选出稳定表现自花不实或自花可实不育而异花授粉可育率高且种仁饱满的品种2个(小枣4、小墩墩枣),种仁较饱满的5个(洪赵十月红、广东白枣、大荔圆枣、小枣25、圆铃枣),利用这些品种做母本进行杂交育种时可省略去雄程序,有效解决因枣花小去雄难的问题;蛤蟆枣、团枣、无核小枣、马牙枣、核桃纹等自花不实而异花可实的品种,在栽植时应配置授粉树。

Two new terpenoids from fruits of Ziziphus jujuba

One new ceanothane-type triterpene and one new sesquiterpene, together with two known triterpenes were isolated from the fruits of Ziziphusjujuba Mill. （Rhamnaceae）. Based on the spectral analyses, the structures of two new compounds were elucidated as 2α-aldehydo-A（1）-norlup-20（29）-en-27,28-dioic acid （zizyberanal acid） （1）, and zizyberanone （2）. While the two known triterpenes were identified as zizyberanalic acid （3） and ursolic acid （4）.

Current Development Situations of Ziziphus Jujuba Industry in South Xinjiang and Recommendations

Through surveying current development situations and existing problems of planting and processing of Ziziphus jujuba in south Xinjiang,this paper discussed planting,processing mode of Ziziphus Jujuba in south Xinjiang and development direction of enterprises in Ziziphus Jujuba production. It is expected to ensure and increase quality and sales volume of Ziziphus Jujuba and promote sound and sustainable development of Ziziphus Jujuba industrial chain in south Xinjiang.

Simultaneous quantification of 18 bioactive constituents in Ziziphus jujuba fruits by HPLC coupled with a chemometric method

The fruit of Ziziphus jujuba Mill., known as Hongzao(or Hong-Zao) in Chinese and cultivated in China for more than 4 000 years, has shown to have hepatoprotective property. In previous study, we have isolated and identified 27 known compounds from Z. jujuba fruits, which demonstrated anti-tumor activity. In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode-array detection-mass spectrometry(HPLC-DAD-MS) method was successfully applied to the simultaneous characterization and quantitation of 18 constituents in 28 Z. jujuba samples, comprised of 12 cultivars from different regions in China, by comparing their HPLC retention times, MS spectra, UV spectra, and NMR data with those of reference compounds. The quantitative method was validated with excellent linearity(R^(2 )> 0.999 1), preferable intra-and inter-day precisions(RSD < 2.78%), and good recoveries(94.96%–102.65%). The content variation of 18 compounds was analyzed by a chemometric method(hierarchical cluster analysis). In addition, these constituents showed protection against carbon tetrachloride(CCl_(4)) intoxicated Hep G2 cell lines by decreasing lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) levels. Results in this study illustrated that the content of all 18 compounds examined has significant difference and variation among cultivars and extracts. The proposed method can serve as a prerequisite for quality control of bioactive compounds in Z. jujuba products.

Jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.(Rhamnaceae)):a review on its pharmacological properties and phytochemistry

Jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)belongs to the Rhamnaceae family.It is distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of Europe and Asia,including India,China,Iran,Russia,and the Middle East.Jujube is a highly tolerant tree that is resistant to soil salinity and alkalinity.Jujube possesses many phytochemical components and pharmacological properties that make it a good choice for the human diet.Jujube fruit is nutritious and rich in proteins,minerals,vitamins,organic acids,and carbohydrates.It also contains phytochemical components such as polyphenols,flavonoids,terpenoids,anthocyanins,alkaloids,and carotenoids.Jujube has both nutraceutical and cosmeceutical properties.All parts of this plant possess medicinal properties.Jujube has a long history of use in traditional medicine,especially in traditional Persian medicine.It has many pharmacological properties according to traditional Persian medicine,which include anti-pruritic and tranquilizing effects for renal and bladder pain.In Chinese medicine,jujube is used to increase appetite and treat diarrhea and fatigue.This indicates that jujube has several chemical constituents and beneficially affects multiple organs and tissues.These properties include antioxidant,anti-cancer,antimicrobial,neuroprotective,cardioprotective,and hepatoprotective activities.It also has health-promoting effects,including anti-aging properties.

Technological Study on Instant Date Powder in Natural Ziziphus jujuba through Vacuum Freeze-drying

[Objective] The aim was to get optimized conditions for date powder with good color and taste.[Method] The pectinase enzymolysis and vacuum freeze-drying technology were used in the extract process of date powder.[Result] The production boasts of superior quality were with rich fragrance and uniform particle under certain process conditions.The optimized conditions for pectinase enzymolysis were:the amount of pectinase reached to 0.1% of that of date syrup,enzymolysis temperature and time were 50 ℃ and 50 min respectively,the pH value was 4.0.The optimized conditions for vaccum freeze-drying were:10% altodextrin,three times volumn of water with the thickness of 7 mm.[Conclusion] The optimized conditions were obtained in this study to produce instant date powder from Ziziphus jujuba.

Growth inhibitory effect of phenolic extracts of Ziziphus jujuba Mill.in dengue vector Aedes aegypti(L)in parent and F1 generation

Objective: To evaluate the lethal and emergence inhibitory effect of alkaloid, phenolic and terpenoid extracts of Ziziphus jujuba(Z. jujuba; Rhamnaceae) against Aedes aegypti(Diptera: Culicidae), and to explore the effect of the most effective fraction on developmental and biochemical parameters of the dengue vector. Methods: The fourth instar larvae of Aedes aegypti were exposed to alkaloid, phenolic and terpenoid extracts from Z. jujuba leaves to test their toxicity and emergence inhibitory effects. Phenolic extract, being the most effective was further tested against the mosquitoes for their growth inhibitory effect supported by biochemical changes in the parent and F1 generation. Results: While the different secondary metabolite fractions i.e., alkaloid, phenolics and terpenoid caused mortality at larval and pupal stages, the LC_(50) value was the lowest for phenolic fraction. Further study carried out with the phenolic fraction revealed that it affected growth by decreasing adult life span, fertility and fecundity of the mosquitoes. The reduction in growth was also accompanied by decrease in carbohydrate and lipid levels. Conclusions: It is concluded that the phenolic extract of the leaves of Z. jujuba is a potential candidate for control of Aedes mosquitoes.

Comparison of Different Processing Methods of Ziziphus jujuba Mill.

[Objectives]To study and compare the processing methods of Ziziphus jujuba Mill.[Methods]Z.jujuba was processed by seven methods:cleaning,yellowish frying,burnt frying,carbonized frying,moistening by hot sand,steaming,and boiling.Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry was used to determine the content of total flavonoids in each processed Z.jujuba.[Results]The content of total flavonoids measured by various processing methods was different.The content of total flavonoids in the processed Z.jujuba by moistening by hot sand was relatively high and the absorption peak spectrum was almost the same as that of the cleaned processed Z.jujuba and the rutin reference substance.[Conclusions]The moistening by hot sand is the optimal method for processing of Z.jujuba.

黄腐酸钾对灵武长枣氮素吸收、分配及利用的影响

以5年生的灵武长枣(Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao)树为试材,采用15N示踪法进行田间试验,研究0 kg/株(CK)、0.5 kg/株(T1)、1.0 kg/株(T2)、1.5 kg/株(T3)不同黄腐酸钾有机肥施用量对灵武长枣氮素吸收、分配、利用的影响。结果表明,灵武长枣树体氮积累量随黄腐酸钾供应水平的提高而增加,1.5 kg/株黄腐酸钾处理在果实成熟期氮积累量最高,达59.66 g/株,各处理以叶片、果实氮积累量较高;3个黄腐酸钾处理均显著提高了植株对氮素的吸收征调能力(NdFF)和15N吸收量(P<0.05),表现为T3>T2>T1>CK,不同器官的NdFF表现为果实最高;不同施肥处理的植株各器官15N分配率存在差异,以贮藏器官(果实)较高;与CK相比,3个黄腐酸钾处理15N当季利用率增加了2.27~5.34个百分点,以T3处理最佳,为8.92%。综合分析认为,配施1.5 kg/株黄腐酸钾有机肥,灵武长枣植株15N的吸收利用效果最佳。

不同采收成熟度对设施冬枣综合品质的影响

为了从成熟度方面给采收鲜食用、加工用大荔冬枣果实的时期提供参考,以4个不同成熟度(白熟、脆熟、半红、全红,分别对应白熟期、脆熟期、半红期、全红期)大荔冬枣果实为试验材料,对比其果实的品质特性,探究其果实品质在4个不同成熟度下的变化。结果表明,随着果实成熟度的增加,大荔冬枣果实的单果重、可溶性糖含量、维生素C含量及可溶性固形物含量增加,而果实硬度、含水量、总酸含量、总酚含量及总类黄酮含量呈下降趋势。在脆熟期和半红期,大荔冬枣果实的抗氧化能力较强。大荔冬枣果实的含水量与可溶性糖含量、可溶性固形物含量均呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与总酸含量、总酚含量及总类黄酮含量均呈显著正相关(P<0.05);大荔冬枣果实的可溶性糖含量与可溶性固形物含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与总类黄酮含量、总酚含量均呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。综上所述,脆熟期至半红期的大荔冬枣果实适宜立即食用或仅可进行短距离运输,脆熟期的大荔冬枣果实适宜长距离运输或贮藏,全红期的大荔冬枣果实适宜用作食品加工原料。

不同产地酸枣仁切片的拉曼光谱检测及分析

利用拉曼光谱比较不同产地酸枣仁的主要成分组成及含量差异。以酸枣仁切片为研究对象,使用共聚焦显微拉曼光谱仪分析了四个不同产地的酸枣仁主要成分特征峰,得到酸枣仁拉曼光谱及拉曼一阶导数谱,并对其进行振动模式归属分析。不同产地酸枣仁在299,403,790,873,941,1084,1160,1237,1600 cm^(-1)附近处均出现明显的特征峰,不同产地酸枣仁有效成分的特征峰有一定差异,宁夏产地与山东产地的酸枣仁较河北产地与榆林产地皂苷类化合物特征峰弱;酸枣仁有效成分为皂苷类化合物、黄酮类化合物、碳水化合物;酸枣仁的一阶导数谱在237.8,375.9,844.7 cm^(-1)附近处出现尖锐的特征峰,分辨率更高,可以作为鉴定和识别酸枣仁的特征峰。拉曼光谱的特征峰可以作为鉴定和识别不同产地酸枣仁的手段,其结果可为酸枣仁的真伪鉴定及质量监测提供参考。

枣品种资源果实的糖酸含量特征分析

糖和酸是构成果实风味的重要物质,鉴定评价枣品种资源果实的糖酸风味,比较不同资源间的糖酸风味构成差异,建立枣品种资源果实糖酸风味评价体系,对资源高效利用具有重要意义。以210份枣资源脆熟期果实为材料,测定可溶性固形物、可滴定酸以及糖组分含量,并进行相关性分析。结果如下:(1)10项指标的变异系数范围在9.81%~34.70%,其中可溶性固形物含量、甜度值和总糖含量的变异系数较小。蔗糖含量的范围差异最大,其最大值是最小值的84.54倍。果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、总糖、可滴定酸、甜度值、固酸比和糖酸比等8项指标符合正态分布,可溶性固形物和甜酸比不符合正态分布。(2)果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖与总糖含量均呈极显著正相关,果糖与葡萄糖含量呈极显著正相关,总糖、可溶性固形物和甜度值间都呈极显著正相关,可滴定酸与固酸比、糖酸比和甜酸比间都呈极显著负相关,固酸比、糖酸比、甜酸比两两之间都呈极显著正相关。(3)因子分析共提取3个主因子,累积贡献率为91.781%。结合各项指标的聚类分析,筛选出果糖、蔗糖、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和固酸比5项评价枣果实糖酸风味的指标。(4)基于5项评价指标进行聚类分析,将210个枣品种分为5个类群,根据各类群不同指标的含量特征,分别定义为低蔗糖型、高酸型、果糖优势型、中间型和蔗糖优势型,其中蔗糖优势型包含的种质最多。可用果糖、蔗糖、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和固酸比5项指标对枣果实糖酸风味进行评价,生产中可根据不同类群资源的糖酸指标特点进行针对性应用。

不同种源酸枣表型多样性分析

以酸枣〔Ziziphus jujuba var.spinosa(Bunge)Hu ex H.F.Chow.〕19个种源地的211份样本为研究对象,对其表型性状(包括13个质量性状和29个数量性状)进行观测和变异分析,并采用巢式方差分析、相关性分析、主成分分析研究数量性状的变异来源、与地理气候因子的关系及能够反映酸枣表型特征的主要数量性状。结果表明:酸枣质量性状的变异系数和Shannon-Weaver多样性指数分别为11.44%~55.21%和0.34~1.65;数量性状的变异系数和Shannon-Weaver多样性指数分别为4.57%~85.46%和0.24~2.09,极值比为1.67~14.06。陕西佳县、内蒙古元宝山和河北复兴种源的数量性状变异程度较高,辽宁喀左、陕西延川和河北赞皇种源的数量性状多样性丰富。酸枣数量性状种源间和种源内的方差分量比例均值分别为69.86%和14.88%,表型分化系数均值为0.82。叶长、叶形指数、可食率等12个数量性状与地理气候因子存在显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)相关性。主成分分析结果表明:前9个主成分的累计贡献率为79.74%,叶形指数、叶柄长度、叶柄宽度等17个数量性状可作为评价酸枣种质资源的表型性状。基于数量性状可将19个种源分为4个类群,类群Ⅰ主要特征为叶片小、果实和果核小、出核率高;类群Ⅱ主要特征为果实和果核大、可食率高;类群Ⅲ主要特征为叶片长、枣吊长、枣吊叶片数多;类群Ⅳ主要特征为二次枝长、直刺和弯刺短。综合上述研究结果,酸枣表型多样性丰富,种源间和种源内存在不同程度的变异,种源间变异是主要变异来源,不同种源酸枣可用于选育不同表型性状酸枣品种。

不同生长时期酸枣果肉多糖相对分子质量分布和单糖组成及抗氧化活性研究

为了探究不同生长时期酸枣果肉中多糖含量、相对分子质量、单糖组成及抗氧化活性变化规律,以野生型和种植型酸枣为研究对象,分别采用苯酚-硫酸比色法、高效凝胶色谱法、高效离子色谱法和DPPH自由基清除实验研究其不同生长时期的果肉多糖含量、相对分子质量、单糖组成和自由基清除能力。研究发现野生型和种植型的酸枣果肉中多糖含量均表现出先下降后上升的趋势;两种类型的酸枣果肉多糖的相对分子质量均随着酸枣的发育逐渐降低;两种类型酸枣果实发育前期果肉多糖中单糖鼠李糖含量最高可达46.14 mg/g,半乳糖次之可达33.10 mg/g;果实发育后期,两种类型的酸枣果肉多糖中单糖含量最高的为阿拉伯糖可达60.30 mg/g,半乳糖醛酸次之可达45.02 mg/g;两种类型酸枣果肉多糖的DPPH自由基清除能力变化趋势与其果肉中多糖含量变化趋势基本相同;种植型酸枣与野生型酸枣在多糖含量、多糖相对分子质量、单糖组成和自由基清除能力方面均表现为相同的趋势,且均属于还原糖积累类型果实。研究结果为酸枣果肉资源进一步开发与利用提供参考。

‘灵武长枣’果实发育过程中果肉质地与解剖结构的变化

为探究‘灵武长枣’发育过程中枣果质地与解剖结构的变化特征及两者间关系。以国家地理标志品种‘灵武长枣’为试验材料,利用质地剖面分析法(TPA)和石蜡切片法,分析测定果实7项质地品质指标、10项显微结构指标,并对果实基本性状进行测定。结果表明,‘灵武长枣’果实成熟过程中,以硬核期为转折点,硬核期到半红期枣果实品质发生了显著变化,如硬核期到膨大前期单果质量增幅412.3%、体积增幅403.7%,且果实解剖结构与大部分质地参数显著相关。即随着果实成熟,果实的单果质量、纵横径,体积均增加;果实硬度、脆度和胶粘性先增大后减小,弹性、咀嚼性和粘附性呈上升趋势,内聚性变化不显著。果皮变薄,表皮细胞和薄壁细胞、维管束和空腔面积增大,细胞排列变疏松,成熟期口感变酥脆。角质层加厚,果实抗损伤性加强。此外,枣果表皮细胞中的质体也发生很大变化,幼果期到半红期,由叶绿体逐渐转变为有色体。进一步相关性分析表明,果实硬度、弹性、咀嚼性和粘附性同枣果细胞形态参数存在不同程度的相关性,粘附性与大部分果实细胞形态参数达极显著水平,如粘附性与空腔面积呈极显著正相关(r=0.979)。‘灵武长枣’果实发育过程中,其果实品质发生显著变化,其中果实细胞形态的动态变化显著影响其质地品质(硬度、弹性、咀嚼性、粘附性)。

金丝小枣全枣、枣皮、枣肉黄酮提取物的抗氧化活性和免疫活性

以金丝小枣为研究对象,分别测定金丝小枣全枣、枣皮、枣肉的黄酮提取物对DPPH·、ABTS+·、·OH清除能力和总还原力,并利用刀豆蛋白A(concanavalin A,ConA)和脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)分别诱导小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞增殖反应,探究金丝小枣的全枣、枣皮、枣肉的黄酮提取物的免疫活性。试验结果表明:金丝小枣全枣、枣皮、枣肉黄酮抗氧化活性和免疫活性存在差异,枣皮黄酮的抗氧化活性和免疫活性最强,枣肉黄酮提取物的抗氧化活性和免疫活性最弱,但全枣、枣皮、枣肉黄酮提取物对DPPH·和·OH的清除活性高于VC,且全枣、枣皮、枣肉黄酮提取物对小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞的增殖均具有促进作用。

黄土丘陵区撂荒山地枣林土壤有机碳储量和土壤储水量耦合效应分析

土壤有机碳和土壤水分是黄土丘陵区陆地生态系统生产力可持续发展的重要驱动因素,土地撂荒对土壤有机碳储量和土壤储水量具有重要影响。为研究土壤有机碳储量和土壤储水量对撂荒年限的响应及其耦合关系,以陕北黄土丘陵区齐家山红枣试验示范基地不同撂荒年限山地枣林为对象进行研究,结果表明:1)研究区土壤表层(0~20 cm)土壤有机碳储量随撂荒年限延长呈明显增加趋势,SOCS和SWS在不同撂荒年限均呈正相关关系。2)综合权衡分析和均方根误差分析表明,撂荒10 a最适宜进行山地枣林改造,但综合考虑农户经济收入与改造投入力度,建议撂荒3~6 a后对山地枣林进行改造,但要考虑土壤氮、磷对枣林的影响。研究结果为研究区撂荒山地枣林改造提供了数据支撑与科学依据。

灵武长枣两种光泽度果实外形特征性状比较分析

【目的】探究灵武长枣两种光泽度果实,即高光泽度果实(S果)和低光泽度果实(R果)的光泽度及外形特征性状关系的差异,为灵武长枣优质高效栽培提供参考与指导。【方法】采集6、9和12 a生灵武长枣的两种光泽度果实(S/R果)作为试验材料,测定其光泽度、单果质量、果实横纵径、果实硬度、果皮厚、果肉厚、核纵横径、单核质量、可食率和含仁率等果实外形特征性状,并对其进行了比较和相关性分析。【结果】1)3个树龄的R果的单果质量、果实横纵径、果皮厚、核纵横径、含仁率均极显著大于S果的(P<0.01),其中6、9和12 a生灵武长枣R果的含仁率分别是S果的28.04、15.49、14.99倍,并且R果的光泽度极显著小于S果的(P<0.01),仅为S果的63.1%~67.1%,R果的果肉厚、单核质量均显著大于S果的(P<0.05);12 a生的R果的可食率最小,且9、12 a生的均显著小于同年份的S果的可食率;2)不同树龄灵武长枣,于高光泽度果实(S果)而言:在光泽度、单果质量、果实横纵径、果实硬度、果肉厚、核纵径、单核质量、可食率在树龄上存在显著差异(P<0.05);于低光泽度果实(R果)而言:其果实纵径、果实硬度、果皮厚、核纵横径、单核质量、可食率存在显著差异(P<0.05),且与S果表现均不相同;3)不同树龄植株灵武长枣S、R果实的光泽度均与单果质量、果实纵径呈极显著正相关;S果的树龄与单果质量、果实横纵径、果肉厚、枣核纵径、单核质量、可食率呈显著或极显著负相关;R果的树龄与果实纵径、可食率呈显著或极显著负相关,与果实硬度、果皮厚、核横径、单核质量呈显著或极显著正相关。【结论】不同树龄灵武长枣两种光泽度果实的光泽度及外形特征性状均存在极显著差异(P<0.01),并且在树龄、光泽度及其各项外形特征性状之间存在着显著相关性(P<0.05)。

不同品种红枣酿醋的品质差异分析

为研究不同红枣品种酿制枣醋的品质差异,本文以6个不同品种红枣酿制的枣醋为研究对象,通过枣醋基本理化成分(如pH、总酸、总酚和总黄酮)、色泽、体外功能活性(抗氧化能力和降血脂能力)、有机酸、氨基酸及挥发性香气成分分析,并结合电子鼻和感官评价对6种枣醋进行了综合评价。结果表明,不同红枣酿制的枣醋品质存在明显差异。具体表现为:在理化分析方面,以新疆灰枣醋的总酸和总黄酮含量均为最高,分别为54.87 g/L和1168.84 mg RE/L,新疆骏枣枣醋的总酚含量最高,为1815.63 mg GAE/L;河南灵宝大枣醋和阜平大枣醋具有较好的色值,新疆骏枣醋表现出最好的抗氧化和降血脂功能活性,阜平大枣醋的总有机酸含量最低,含量为47.07 g/L。新疆灰枣醋和新疆骏枣醋具有较高的必需氨基酸和总氨基酸含量,而河北阜平大枣醋氨基酸含量较低。6种枣醋共检测出41种挥发性香气,不同枣醋间所含有的挥发性香气在种类和含量上都存在一定的差异。感官评价表明,6种红枣醋的感官存在一定的差异性,6种红枣均适合酿制枣醋,其中新疆灰枣醋的感官接受度最佳。综上所述,不同品种红枣酿制枣醋的品质存在一定差异,新疆骏枣醋的高功能活性,更适合作为功能性果醋;而基于新疆灰枣醋的高感官接受度,新疆灰枣也非常适合枣醋的加工。

枣ZjPG基因表达分析及载体构建

【目的】克隆枣多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(Polygalacturonase,PG)基因,分析ZjPG基因表达模式并构建过表达载体,为探究ZjPG基因调控枣裂果的分子机制及培育抗裂枣品种提供理论参考。【方法】以壶瓶枣为试验材料,克隆ZjPG基因(ID:LOC107426373),采用ExPASy、SOPMA、SWISS-MODEL等在线工具对ZjPG蛋白进行生物信息学分析;利用MEGA 7.0构建基于PG氨基酸序列的系统发育进化树并分析ZjPG基因启动子顺式作用元件;通过荧光定量PCR检测枣不同组织(幼叶、成熟叶、花、幼果和膨大期、白熟期、脆熟期及完熟期果实)与不同浓度茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA,0.2和0.4 mol/L)和脱落酸(ABA,0.2 mol/L)处理下枣果实及脆熟期正常果实和开裂果实中ZjPG基因的相对表达量,并构建ZjPG基因过表达载体。【结果】壶瓶枣中ZjPG基因的编码区(CDS)序列全长为1353 bp,与NCBI网站ZjPG基因CDS序列相似性为99.70%,氨基酸序列相似性为99.33%,说明成功克隆ZjPG基因。ZjPG蛋白分子量为49145.28 Da,编码450个氨基酸残基,理论等电点为6.27,无跨膜结构域,为稳定亲水性蛋白,含有Pgu1保守序列。其二级结构由12.67%的α-螺旋,32.22%的延伸链,8.00%的β-折叠及47.11%的无规则卷曲组成。系统发育进化树结果显示,ZjPG与拟南芥AtPG和葡萄VvPG的亲缘关系较近,ZjPG与其他9个物种的PG蛋白基序具有高保守性。ZjPG基因的启动子中包含多个激素响应顺式作用元件。实时荧光定量PCR检测结果显示,ABA和MeJA均可诱导ZjPG基因表达;裂果中ZjPG基因相对表达量显著高于正常果(P<0.05);ZjPG基因在壶瓶枣的叶、花和果实中均有表达,在完熟期果实中的相对表达量最高。成功构建pCAMBIA-1300-ZjPG表达载体。【结论】成功克隆壶瓶枣ZjPG基因CDS序列并成功构建该基因的过表达载体,不同物种之间的PG蛋白序列具有高度保守性,ZjPG基因的表达受到ABA和MeJA信号调控,在裂果中高表达,ZjPG基因表达具有组织特异性和时空特异性。