Effect of Rare Earth on Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Pulse Reversal Current Electrodeposition Ni-Co Alloy Coatings

The effect of adding RE to plating bath on microstructure and corrosion resistance of Ni-Co alloy coatings prepared by pulse reversal current electrodeposition was studied by means of SEM/EDS, electrochemical analysis and corrosion mass loss etc. The results show that adding proper RE to plating solution can promote the microstructure of coatings compacter, the surface smoother and the crystal finer, and improve the corrosion resistance. The coatings exhibite the highest corrosion resistance when the concentration of RE reaches 0.25 g·L -1. The reason of increasing corrosion resistance by adding RE was also investigated.

Electrochemical behaviors of Zn-Fe alloy and Zn-Fe-TiO_2 composite electrodeposition

Electrochemical behaviors of Zn-Fe alloy and Zn-Fe-TiO2 composite electrodeposition in alkaline zincatesolutions were studied respectively by the methods of linear potential sweep and cyclic voltammetry. From the re-sults it can be concluded that Zn shows under potential deposition, Zn-Fe alloy codeposition is anomalous codeposi-tion and Zn-Fe alloy cathode polarization is increased with the introduction of additive. From the view point of elec-trochemistry, the reasons that the content of Fe in the Zn-Fe coating changes with the composition of the electrolyteand the process conditions altering and the relationship between the content of Fe and the appearance of the coatingare interpreted. The cathode polarization of Zn-Fe alloy codeposition is enhanced obviously with addition of additive.In the course of composite electrodeposition, TiO2 has less promotion to electrodeposition of zinc ions than to iron i-ons, while the electrodeposition of iron ions improves the content of TiO2 in composite coating, which is inagreement with the results of process experiments.

Formation mechanism of amorphous Ni-Fe-P alloys by electrodeposition

The formation mechanism of the amorphous Ni-Fe-P coating was studied by analysis of the forming thermodynamics, dynamics, and crystallography of the amorphous alloy. The results show that, in the initial stage of deposition a thin 'crystal epitaxial growth' layer first forms, and then transforms to amorphous gradually. The cross section in Ni-Fe-P coatings by electrolytic etching exhibits a banded structure of alternate dark and light bands. It is proposed that the banded structure is caused by a change in the P content with thickness,which is due to alternated depletion and enrichment of [OH-] in the diffusion layer resulting from the generation and evolution of hydrogen gas. The amorphous Ni-Fe-P coating will be formed in proper composition, high nucleation rate and strongly hindered growth of the crystal nucleus. Amorphous Ni-Fe-P alloys form as islands, and grow up by layer.

Electrocatalytic activity and electrochemical hydrogen storage of Ni-La alloy prepared by electrodeposition from aqueous electrolyte

Ni睱a alloy coating was prepared by electrodeposition. The effect of cathodic current density on the La content of the alloy coatings was discussed. It is found that the content of La in the alloy increases with increasing the cathodic current density. The microstructures and codeposition mechanism of Ni La alloy coatings were investigated by means of X ray diffraction (XRD) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results demonstrate that the Ni La alloy is FCC and codeposited by the induced mechanism. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on the electrodeposited Ni La alloy electrodes in alkaline solution was evaluated by Tafel polarization curves. It is found that La Ni alloy coating exhibites much higher exchange current density for HER than pure Ni electrode, and that the exchange current density increases with increasing the La content of alloys. The good electrocatalytic activity for HER of this Ni La alloy is attributed to the synergism of the electronic structure of La and Ni. The electrodeposited La Ni alloys have a certain electrochemical hydrogen storage capacity of 34 ～ 143?mAh/g, which increases with increasing the La content of alloys.

复杂多组元Cu-Cr-Zr-Ni-Si-Co-Zn合金时效析出动力学研究

Cu-Cr-Zr及Cu-Ni-Si合金均为性能优异的引线框架材料,但二者性能均存在局限性。Cu-Cr-Zr合金具有优异的导电性能,但其强度偏低;Cu-Ni-Si合金具有极高的强度,但其导电性能一般。如果结合二者的优点,并通过后续工艺对其组织进行调控,则是制备高强高导铜合金的一条新路径。实验通过真空感应熔炼的方法制备了复杂多组元Cu-0.746Cr-0.217Zr-0.605Ni-0.109Si-0.177Co-0.085Zn(质量分数)合金,对其进行了不同工艺条件的固溶处理,并研究了不同固溶工艺条件下,合金时效过程中电导率及硬度的演化规律。结果表明:合金经1010℃×1.5 h固溶处理后,时效过程在500℃×3 h时,可获得较优异的综合性能,此时合金的硬度为HV 142.83,电导率为60.00%IACS。此外,根据Avrami经验方程描述了合金的时效析出过程,发现不同固溶工艺的合金在时效过程中,析出速率均随时效温度的提高而提高。

Surface Modification With Zinc and Zn-Ni Alloy Compositionally Modulated Multilayer Coatings

Zinc and Zn-Ni alloy compositionally modulated multilayer （CMM） coatings were electrodeposited on to a steel substrate by the successive deposition of zinc and Zn-Ni alloy sublayers from dual baths. The coated samples were evaluated in terms of the surface appearance, surface and cross-sectional morphologies, as well as corrosion resistance. The microstructural characteristics that were examined using the field emission gun scanning electron microscopy （FEGSEM） confirmed the layered structure, grain refinement of the zinc and Zn-Ni alloy CMM coatings, and revealed the existence of microcracks caused by the internal stress in the thick Zn-Ni alloy sublayers. The corrosion resistance that was evaluated by means of the salt spray test shows that the zinc and Zn-Ni alloy CMM coatings were more corrosion-resistant than the monolithic coatings of zinc or Zn-Ni alloy of the same thickness. The possible reasons for the better protective performance of Zn-Ni/Zn CMM coatings were given on the basis of the analysis on the micrographic features of zinc and Zn-Ni alloy CMM eoatings after the corrosion test. A probable corrosion mechanism of zinc and Zn-Ni alloy CMM coatings was also proposed.

Electrodeposition of Ni-W Amorphous Alloy and Ni-W-SiC Composite Deposits

Ni-W alloys and their composite deposits are electroplated on the metals when an appropriate complex agent is selected on the base of the theories of electrochemistry and complex chemistry, and the principle of induced codeposition. Effects of the bath composition, pH value, temperature and current density on the electrode position of Ni-W alloys and their composite deposits have been investigated, and the effect of heat treatment temperature on the hardness, structure and cohesive force of the amorphous Ni-W alloys and their composite deposits are also discussed. Results showed that the alloys containing more than 44 wt pct W content and the composite deposits containing 7.8 wt pct SiC content could be obtained by making use of the appropriate bath composition and plating conditions. Alloys and their composite deposits with over 44 wt pct W content show amorphous structure. The hardness of amorphous Ni-W alloys and their composite deposits increases obviously when heated, and can reach to 1350 HV and 1520 HV respectively for 46 wt pct W content. The cohesion on Cu, carbon steel and stainless steel is very good.

Electrodeposition of Er-Ni Alloy Film in Dimethylsulfoxide

The cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry were used to investigate the electrochemical behaviors of Er(Ⅲ) and Ni(Ⅱ) in LiClO 4 DMSO(dimethylsufoxide) system on Pt and Cu electrodes. Experimental results indicated that the reduction of Er(Ⅲ) to Er and Ni(Ⅱ) to Ni were irreversible in one step on Pt and Cu electrodes. The diffusion coefficient and electron transfer coefficient of Er(Ⅲ) in 0.01 mol·L -1 ErCl 3 -0.1 mol·L -1 LiClO 4 DMSO system at 303K were 1.47×10 -10 m 2·s -1 and 0.108 respectively, and the diffusion coefficient and electron transfer coefficient of Ni(Ⅱ) in 0.01 mol·L -1 NiCl 2-0.1 mol·L -1 LiClO 4 DMSO system at 303K were 3.38×10 -10 m 2·s -1 and 0.160 respectively. The homogeneous, strong adhesive Er Ni alloy films with metallic lu- stre was prepared by potentiostatic electrolysis on Cu electrode in ErCl 3 NiCl 2 LiClO 4 DMSO system at -1.90～ -2.55 V (vs SCE).

ELECTRODEPOSITION OF Ti-Ni ALLOY IN UREA-NaBr-KBr MELT

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Experimental Investigation on Microstructure and Segregation of Ultrahigh Strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Sc-Ni Alloy during Homogenization

Ultrahigh strength Al-12Zn-2.4Mg-1.1Cu-0.20Zr-0.30Sc-0.30Ni alloy billets were fabricated by spray deposition method(the Osprey process). The effect of homogenization treatment on the microstructures and tensile properties were investigated by OM, SEM and EDS. The results show that adding small amount of Sc and Zr can greatly refine the grain size of the billet, with the average grain size of 10 μm. Grain-boundary becomes coarser firstly and then thinner under different homogenizing condition and grain coarsening were observed. The solute elements content of Zn inside grains has a peak at 490 ℃ /2 h, and Cu element, which was solved into matrix, can enhance the matrix hardness obviously during homogenization. The suitable homogenizing treatment is 460～490 °C/2 h for the hot extrusion of the studied alloy; after the optimized solid solution and T6 aging, the highest ultimate tensile strength (UTS) is 858 MPa with a ductility of 4.8%.

Direct Electrodeposition of Cu-Ni-W Alloys for the Liners for Shaped Charges

The Cu-Ni-W alloys for the liners for shaped charges were successfully prepared by direct current（DC） electrodeposition.The influence of cathode current density on morphology,microstructure and composition of the Cu-Ni-W alloys was investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,X-ray diffraction（XRD） and energy dispersive spectrometry（EDS）.With the increasing of current density,the copper content reduces gradually and the nickel and tungsten content increase; the crystallite size is decreased.When the current density is 15 A/dm 2 the tungsten content reaches 12.96 wt pct,and the crystallite size is submicron degree.The Cu-Ni-W alloy is face-centered cubic（fcc） solid solution.All of the Cu-Ni-W alloys take on（220） texture.

Microscopic phase-field study on aging behavior of Ni_(75)Al_(17)Zn_8 alloy

The precipitating kinetics of Ni75Al17Zn8 alloy was studied at both 873K and 973K by microscopic phase-field model.The calculation results show that the order-disorder transformation experiences the matrix→lowly-ordered L10 phase→L12 phase at 973 K.And the nucleation of L12 particles belongs to the spinodal decomposition mechanism.As temperature increases,orderings of Al and Zn atoms are resisted,but coarsening of L12 particles is promoted.The value of coarsening kinetic exponents approaches to 1/2.In addition,the discussions about Ni-Al anti-site defect and Zn substitutions for Ni site and Al site exhibit that the higher the temperature,the more distinctive the Ni-Al anti-site defect,but the less the Zn substitution.

Effect of Ni addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–Mg–Si–Cu–Zn alloys with a high Mg/Si ratio

The effect of adding 0.03wt%Ni on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–Mg–Si–Cu–Zn alloys was systematically studied.The results reveal that the number density of spherical Fe-rich phases within grains increases with the addition of Ni,accompanied by the formation of Q(Al3Mg9Si7Cu2)precipitates around the spherical Fe-rich phases.Additionally,Ni addition is beneficial to reducing the grain size in the as-cast state.During the homogenization process,Q phases could be completely dissolved and the grain size could remain basically unchanged.However,compared with the Ni-free alloy,the Fe-rich phase in the Ni-containing alloy is more likely to undergo the phase transformation and further form more spherical particles during homogenization treatment.After thermomechanical processing,the distribution of Fe-rich phases in the Ni-containing alloy was further greatly improved and directly resulted in a greater formability than that of the Ni-free alloy.Accordingly,a reasonable Ni addition positively affected the microstructure and formability of the alloys.

Electrochemical behavior of Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloy after surface modification by electroless plated Ni-P

The electrochemical behavior of Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloy (SMA) with andwithout electroless plated Ni-P was investigated by electrochemical methods, in artificial Tyrode'ssolution. The results showed that Cu-Zn-Al SMA engendered dezincification corrosion in Tyrode'ssolution. The anodic active current densities as well as electrochemical dissolution sensitivity ofthe electroless plated Ni-P Cu-Zn-Al SMA increased with NaCl concentration rising, pH of solutiondecreasing and environmental temperature uprising. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that aftersurface modification by electroless plated Ni-P, an amorphous plated film formed on the surface ofCu-Zn-Al SMA. This film can effectively isolate matrix metal from corrosion media and significantlyimprove the electrochemical property of Cu-Zn-Al SMA in artificial Tyrode's solution.

Corrosion behaviors of zinc and Zn-Ni alloy compositionally modulated multilayer coatings

Zinc and Zn-Ni alloy compositionally modulated multilayer （CMM） coatings were electrodeposited from dual baths. The coated samples were evaluated in terms of surface appearance, surface and cross-sectional morphologies, as well as corrosion resistance. The results obtained from the salt spray test show that the zinc and Zn-Ni alloy CMM coatings are more corrosion-resistant than the monolithic coatings of zinc or Zn-Ni alloy alone with a similar thickness. The corrosion potential measurement and anodic polarisation tests were undertaken to examine the probable corrosion mechanisms of zinc and Zn-Ni alloy CMM coatings. Analysis on the micrographic features of zinc and Zn-Ni alloy CMM coatings after the corrosion test explains the probable reasons why the Zn-Ni/Zn CMM coatings have a better protective performance. Surface morphologies and compositional analysis of the remaining coating material of Zn-Ni alloy deposit after the corrosion test confirms the dezincification mechanism of the Zn-Ni alloy deposit during the corrosion process.

Microstructure and Shape Memory Effect of Cu-Zn-Ni Shape Memory Alloys

The microstructure, martensitic transformation behavior and shape memory effect of Cu-Zn-Ni shape memory alloy have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that the recrystallization occurs in the hot-rolled Cu-Zn-Ni alloy by annealing at 800℃ and alloy is primarily composed of martensite. A reverse martensite transformation temperature higher than 100℃ upon heating has been detected. The alloys exhibit good ductility and shape memory effect (SME). The results obtained are discussed in detail.

电镀Zn-Ni合金研究进展与应用现状

Zn-Ni合金镀层以其良好的耐蚀性、低氢脆性而成为替代锌镀层和镉镀层的优良镀层.本文介绍了电镀Zn-Ni合金的应用现状,分析对比了酸性体系和碱性体系电镀Zn-Ni合金的特点,重点概括了碱性Zn-Ni合金镀液体系中配位剂和添加剂的研究进展,并对电镀Zn-Ni合金未来的发展进行了展望.

Zn-Ni合金镀层沉积机理及腐蚀机理研究进展

Zn-Ni合金以其较高的耐蚀性、优良的可加工性和较高的可焊性等诸多优点引起人们的注意,为此,分别从沉积机理与腐蚀机理两个方面总结了国内外Zn-Ni合金电镀机理的研究进展。