Cu含量对生物可降解Zn-Cu合金组织和性能的影响

以Zn粉和Cu粉为原料,采用粉末冶金技术制备生物可降解Zn-Cu合金。研究了Cu含量对生物可降解Zn-Cu合金显微组织、物相组成、抗压强度、耐腐蚀性以及抗菌性能的影响。研究结果表明:当Cu元素加入Zn基体后,Zn-Cu合金的烧结致密度增大。当Cu含量为0.5%—2.5%(质量分数,下同)时,Zn-xCu合金由单相η固溶体组成;当Cu含量为3.0%时,Zn-3.0Cu合金由η和ε两相组成。随着Cu含量的增加,Zn-xCu合金(x=0%-3%)的抗压强度从93.6 MPa提高到170.3 MPa。当Cu含量为2.5%时,Zn-2.5Cu合金的自腐蚀电位达到最大值(-1.0485V),自腐蚀电流密度和稳定腐蚀速率均达到最小值4.6304×10^(-5)A·cm^(-2)和0.076 mm/year。在金黄色葡萄球菌培养液中,与纯Zn相比,Zn-2.5Cu合金抑菌圈直径最大为(29.8±0.3)mm,吸光度值最低为0.20,这说明Zn-2.5Cu合金对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌效果更好。

电弧喷涂工艺对Zn-Cu合金制模涂层性能的影响

采用电弧喷涂技术在石膏表面制备Zn-Cu合金涂层,利用正交试验研究了喷涂工艺参数对涂层硬度、孔隙率和磨损量的影响。结果表明,在研究范围内,影响涂层硬度最主要的参数为喷涂电压,影响涂层孔隙率和磨损量的最主要参数为喷涂电流。喷涂电压为30V,喷涂电流为220A,喷涂距离为340mm、喷涂气压为0.5 MPa时,Zn-Cu合金涂层组织呈现出典型的网络框架结构,其涂层硬度(HV)为150.8,孔隙率为6.4%,磨损量为0.005 5g,具有较好的综合性能。

冷却方式对Zn-Cu包晶合金微观组织的影响

对采用不同冷却速度、不同散热条件的铸型得到的Zn2.98Cu包晶合金的微观组织进行了研究。研究表明:在常规的砂型和金属型铸锭中,其微观组织为ε相+η相基体;在具有定向温度梯度的铸锭中,得到了定向的ε相枝晶+η相基体和定向的层片状(ε+η)组织;并对层片状组织做了进一步分析,得到的Zn Cu包晶合金层片间距平均值λ=4.06μm。

Zn-Cu包晶合金凝固组织和物相演化规律

采用光学显微镜(OM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段研究不同铜含量Zn-Cu合金的铸态凝固组织形貌以及冷却速度对包晶显微组织的影响。结果表明,Zn-2%Cu合金中存在六角花瓣状η相和板条类层片状η相两种结构,类层片状η相的平均层片间距为8.64μm,随着冷却速度的提高,板条类层片状η相的数量增加幅度较大。Zn-3%Cu、Zn-4%Cu过包晶合金的凝固组织都是由初生ε相、包晶η相和基底η相共同构成,随着冷却速度的提高,初生ε相的枝晶壁更发达,包晶η相的厚度更薄。

Zn-Cu包晶合金定向凝固组织演化 Ⅰ.实验现象及分析

对亚包晶、过包晶以及接近包晶点成分的Zn-Cu二元合金进行了定向凝固实验,研究其在45 K/mm的温度梯度以及2—6400 μm/s凝固速度下的组织选择及演化规律,发现Zn-2％Cu的低速凝固组织为η相单相生长,高速下为η相胞晶+胞晶间ε相的组织; Zn-2.7％Cu,Zn-3％Cu以及Zn-4％Cu的低速凝固组织为η相基体+ε相定向枝晶,高速凝固组织为η相胞晶+ε相等轴晶.基于最高界面生长温度判据,在充分形核假设下对凝固过程中的相选择规律进行了分析,并与实验结果较好的吻合.

Zn-2.75%Cu包晶合金高压凝固组织

利用CS-1B型高压六面顶压机对近包晶点成分的Zn-2.75%Cu包晶合金分别进行2、4、6 GPa的高压凝固实验,对比研究了Zn-2.75%Cu合金在不同压力条件下获得的凝固组织。结果表明,与常压凝固相比,在超高压力条件下凝固的合金的显微组织形貌发生了很大的改变,但是合金的相组成没有发生变化;合金的高压凝固组织中初生ε相呈现枝晶状,与原始铸态组织相比,高压凝固合金组织中初生ε相体积分数明显增多,4 GPa时完整的羽毛状枝晶数量最多。

ZnO表面改性Zn-Cu组织工程支架的研究

目的利用ZnO对Zn-Cu组织支架材料进行表面改性,以提高其亲水性和抑菌、抗菌性能。方法采用气压渗流铸造法制备了理论孔隙率约为60%的Zn-xCu(x=0,1,2,3)合金组织工程支架,并利用水热法对Zn-xCu(x=0,1,2,3)组织工程多孔支架进行ZnO表面修饰。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪,对制备的多孔支架宏微观形貌、相组成进行了表征。通过滴液法测定样品表面接触角,评价了材料表面的亲/疏水性。采用细菌铺板法研究了ZnO表面修饰前后支架材料的抑菌、抗菌性能。结果制备的支架体孔洞分布均匀,连通性良好。没有ZnO表面修饰的支架材料表面表现为强疏水性,利用ZnO进行表面改性后,支架材料的表面润湿性能明显改善。修饰后的Zn-3Cu支架抑菌效果更优,未经ZnO表面修饰的Zn-3Cu合金支架的有效灭菌最长距离为7.8 mm,经ZnO表面修饰后的Zn-3Cu合金支架的有效灭菌最长距离为9.8 mm,并且修饰后的Zn-3Cu支架材料浸提液与菌液共培养后分别划线与涂布,与空白菌液相比,菌落稀疏松散。结论利用气压渗流铸造结合ZnO表面修饰的方法,可制备出具备一定抗菌性能且材料表面呈亲水性的Zn-Cu合金组织工程支架。

Microstructural evolution of ultra-high strength Al-Zn-Cu-Mg-Zr alloy containing Sc during homogenization

The microstructural evolution and composition distribution of an Al-Zn-Cu-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy during homogenization were investigated by optical microscopy（OM）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,energy dispersive spectrometry（EDS）,X-ray diffraction（XRD） and differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）.The results show that severe dendritic segregation exists in Al-Zn-Cu-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy ingot.There are a lot of eutectic phases at grain boundary and the distribution of the main elements varies periodically along interdendritic region.The main eutectic phases at grain boundary are Al7Cu2Fe phase and T（Al2Mg3Zn3）.The residual phases are dissolved into the matrix gradually during homogenization with increasing temperature and prolonging holding time,which can be described by a constitutive equation in exponential function.The overburnt temperature of the alloy is 473.9 ℃.The optimum parameters of homogenization are 470 ℃ and 24 h,which is consistent with the result of homogenization kinetic analysis.

生物可降解Zn-2.5Cu合金表面复合改性研究

通过微弧氧化结合涂覆氧化石墨烯(GO)薄膜方法对已制备的Zn-2.5Cu合金进行表面复合改性处理。研究了微弧氧化膜层的显微组织、膜层厚度和物相组成。观察了不同GO浓度下Zn-2.5Cu合金表面复合膜层的显微组织及其仿生矿化能力。结果表明:当微弧氧化电流为3 A,氧化时间为2 min,Zn-2.5Cu合金表面的微弧氧化膜层孔洞细小而均匀,膜层质量较好,膜层厚度为61.9μm,氧化膜层主要由ZnO、Zn_(2)SiO_(4)和Zn(OH)_(2)相组成。当GO分散液浓度为1.5 mg/mL时,可在微弧氧化后Zn-2.5Cu合金表面覆盖一层均匀的GO薄层,在模拟人工体液中浸泡4 d时,复合改性后样品表面形成一层较厚且致密的HA涂层;在模拟体液中浸泡40 d后,该膜层腐蚀速率为0.015 mm·α^(-1),与人体植入可降解材料的理想腐蚀速率相接近。这说明与纯Zn-2.5Cu合金相比,经复合改性处理后的Zn-2.5Cu合金的生物活性和生物相容性得到提高。

Growth twinning behavior of cast Mg-Zn-Cu-Zr alloys

The morphology and orientation of the growth twins formed in the cast Mg-Zn-Cu-Zr alloys aged at 100 ＆#176;C were characterized using optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that twins were invisible in the as-cast or solutionized Mg-Zn-Cu-Zr alloys while {10 12} twins were exclusively formed in the aged condition. The twinning behavior was significantly affected by two factors, namely, the Zn content and the heat treatment process. A possible formation mechanism of such growth twins was discussed using the viewpoint of vacancy.

Effect of cold rolling deformation on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of spray formed Al−Zn−Mg−Cu−Cr alloys

The impact of cold rolling deformation,which was introduced after solid solution and before aging treatment,on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the as-extruded spray formed Al−9.8Zn−2.3Mg−1.73Cu−0.13Cr(wt.%)alloy,was investigated.SEM,TEM,and EBSD were used to analyze the microstructures,and tensile tests were conducted to assess mechanical properties.The results indicate that the D1-T6 sample,subjected to 25%cold rolling deformation,exhibits finer grains(3.35μm)compared to the D0-T6 sample(grain size of 4.23μm)without cold rolling.Cold rolling refines the grains that grow in solution treatment.Due to the combined effects of finer and more dispersed precipitates,higher dislocation density and smaller grains,the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the D1-T6 sample can reach 663 and 737 MPa,respectively.In comparison to the as-extruded and D0-T6 samples,the yield strength of the D1-T6 sample increases by 415 and 92 MPa,respectively.

Evolution of mechanical properties,localized corrosion resistance and microstructure of a high purity Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy during non-isothermal aging

The evolution of mechanical properties,localized corrosion resistance of a high purity Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy during non-isothermal aging(NIA)was investigated by hardness test,electrical conductivity test,tensile test,intergranular corrosion test,exfoliation corrosion test,slow strain rate tensile test and electrochemical test,and the mechanism has been discussed based on microstructure examination by optical microscopy,electron back scattered diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy.The NIA treatment includes a heating stage from 40℃to 180℃with a rate of 20℃/h and a cooling stage from 180℃to 40℃with a rate of 10℃/h.The results show that the hardness and strength increase rapidly during the heating stage of NIA since the increasing temperature favors the nucleation and the growth of strengthening precipitates and promotes the transformation of Guinier-Preston(GPI)zones toη'phase.During the cooling stage,the sizes ofη'phase increase with a little change in the number density,leading to a further slight increase of the hardness and strength.As NIA proceeds,the corroded morphology in the alloy changes from a layering feature to a wavy feature,the maximum corrosion depth decreases,and the reason has been analyzed based on the microstructural and microchemical feature of precipitates at grain boundaries and subgrain boundaries.

Influence of quench-induced precipitation on aging behavior of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy

The effects of quenching and aging （T6, T7 and RRA） on the microstructural evolution of an A1-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy were investigated by hardness test, optical microscopy （OM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） measurements. It is found that the hardness of T6 aged sample after water-quenching is the highest. The quench sensitivities of T7 and RRA are almost the same, which are 1.2% higher than that of T6. TEM observation shows that the quench sensitivity for the studied alloy is mainly caused by heterogeneous precipitation during slow quenching. Many r/phases precipitate on A13Zr dispersoids inside recrystallized grains and at （sub） grain boundaries, while T and S phases form in the substructure with high density of dislocations and defects. After aging, the η＇ precipitates are coarser in the vicinity of equilibrium r/phase. However, the size and morphology of the precipitates show different characteristics among T6, T7 and RRA treatments. The DSC results are highly consistent with the TEM observation. The DSC curves of T6 aged samples are different from those of T7 and RRA aged samples, which also reflects the differences on the microstructure.

Precipitation behavior and properties of a new high strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy

The microstructure and the associated hardness, strength and electrical conductivity of a new Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy during one-step ageing treatment were systematically studied. The results show that the electrical conductivity of the alloy increased continuously with increasing ageing temperature and ageing time. At the early stage of ageing, the hardness and strength of the alloy increased rapidly and then reached the peak value. When aged at 120 °C, the hardness and strength maintained at high level for a long time after the peak value. The main precipitations are GPI zones, GPII zones and metastable η′ phase. GPI and GPII zones are found in the alloy after ageing for 24 h at 120 °C, which indicates that some stable GP zones can exist through the ageing process. When aged at 160 °C, the hardness and strength decreased rapidly after the peak value. The precipitation process is significantly promoted compared with that aged at 120 °C. Both GPI zones and GPII zones disappeared after ageing for 1 h at 160 °C. The main precipitates are η′ phase when aged at 160 °C for 1 h. The main precipitates are η phase when the ageing time prolongs to 24 h.

Microstructure of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-0.5Er alloy under as-cast and homogenization conditions

The billets of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-0.5Er alloys were prepared by semi-continuous direct chill casting （DCC）.The effects of trace Er on microstructure of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy under as-cast and homogenization conditions were studied.The results show that the grain morphology is large dendritic structure and the grain size increases obviously by the addition of 0.5% Er.Moreover,most of Er element in the alloy segregates at grain boundary during solidification,resulting in ternary Al8Cu4Er phase.After homogenization,most of the MgZn2 phase at grain boundary has dissolved back to Al matrix in the two alloys.In the Er-containing alloy,the dissolution temperature of Al8Cu4Er phase is about 575 °C.Therefore,the homogenization treatment cannot eliminate Al8Cu4Er phase validity.

Microstructure evolution and thermal expansion of Cu-Zn alloy after high pressure heat treatment

The thermal expansion coefficients of Cu-Zn alloy before and after high pressure treatment were measured by thermal expansion instrument in the temperature range of 25？700 ℃,and the microstructure and phase transformation of the alloy were examined by optical microscope,X-ray diffractometer（XRD） and differential scanning calorimeter（DSC）.Based on the experimental results,the effects of high pressure treatment on the microstructure and thermal expansion of Cu-Zn alloy were investigated.The results show that the high pressure treatment can refine the grain and increase the thermal expansion coefficient of the Cu-Zn alloy,resulting in that the thermal expansion coefficient exhibits a high peak value on the α-T curve,and the peak value decreases with increasing the pressure.

Corrosion and electrochemical behaviors of 7A09 Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy in chloride aqueous solution

The corrosion and electrochemical behaviors of 7A09 Al？Zn？Mg？Cu alloy were investigated in 3.5% NaCl （mass fraction） solution using complementary techniques such as scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, metallographic microscopy and electrochemical measurements. The results show that both pitting corrosion from or around the intermetallic particles and intergranular corrosion are observed after the immersion test due to the inhomogeneous nature of the microstructure of the 7A09 alloy. The preferential dissolution of the anodic Cu-depleted zone along grain boundaries is believed to be the possible cause of intergranular corrosion. The passivation and depassivation of this alloy show significant dependence of immersion time, owing to the formation and dissolution of various passive films on the sample surfaces. Furthermore, the corrosion process and corrosion mechanism were also analyzed.

Low cycle fatigue behavior of T4-treated Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys prepared by squeeze casting and gravity die casting

Gravity die casting(GC) and squeeze casting(SC) T4-treated Al-7.0Zn-2.5Mg-2.1Cu alloys were employed to investigate the microstructures,mechanical properties and low cycle fatigue(LCF) behavior.The results show that mechanical properties of SC specimens are significantly better than those of GC specimens due to less cast defects and smaller secondary dendrite arm spacing(SDAS).Excellent fatigue properties are obtained for the SC alloy compared with the GC alloy.GC and SC alloys both exhibit cyclic stabilization at low total strain amplitudes(less than 0.4%) and cyclic hardening at higher total strain amplitudes.The degree of cyclic hardening of SC samples is greater than that of GC samples.Fatigue cracks of GC samples dominantly initiate from shrinkage porosities and are easy to propagate along them,while the crack initiation sites for SC samples are slip bands,eutectic phases and inclusions at or near the free surface.

Microstructure evolution in cooling process of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy and kinetics description

The microstructure evolution of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy was studied by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） during different rate cooling processes. Based on the DSC results, the kinetics analysis was carried out. The results indicate that the precipitation of η phase is the predominant transformation for the alloy during the cooling process after the solution treatment. And the η phase nucleates on dispersoids and at grain boundaries. The amount of η phase decreases with increasing cooling rate, and reduces by 75% as the cooling rate increases from 5 to 50 ℃/min. The kinetics of the precipitation of η phase can be described by the Kamamoto transformation model when the cooling rate is a constant.

Microstructure evolution of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy during non-linear cooling process

The microstructure evolution and properties of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy were investigated under different non-linear cooling processes from the solution temperature, combined with in-situ electrical resistivity measurements, selected area diffraction patterns （SADPs）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and tensile tests. The relative resistivity was calculated to characterize the phase transformation of the experimental alloy during different cooling processes. The results show that at high temperatures, the microstructure evolutions change from the directional diffusion of Zn and Mg atoms to the precipitation of S phase, depending on the cooling rate. At medium temperatures, q phase nucleates on A13Zr dispersoids and grain boundaries under fast cooling conditions, while S phase precipitates under the slow cooling conditions. The strength and ductility of the aged alloy suffer a significant deterioration due to the heterogeneous precipitation in medium temperature range. At low temperatures, homogeneously nucleated GP zone, η′ and η phases precipitate.