Effect of cooling rate on the microstructure of electron beam welded joints of two-phase TiAl-based alloy

The analysis of the microstructural characterization and phase composition of electron beam welded joint zones of Ti- 43Al-9V-O. 3Y alloy has been done in this study. The welded seam is mainly composed of B2 phase, the partial γ ＋ α2 twophase lamellar structure and granular γm phase. And the lanthanon Y existed as YAl2 phase and served as grain refined. The impact of different cooling rates on joint microstructure, fracture characteristic and tensile strength were investigated. The high cooling rate restrained the structural transformation and resulted in the ordering structure. The fracture of the joint was brittle cleavage fracture because the ordering structure went against restraining the crack propagation. With the decrease of cooling rate, the transformation amounts of lamellar structure increased, and the fracture presented the layered and crosslayered characteristic.

Effect of Cooling Rate after hot Deformation on Structure and Mechanical Properties of Low Alloy Wear Resistance Cast iron

The effect of cooling rate after 40% hot deformation on structure and mechanical properties of low alloy wear resistance cast iron was investigated by metallographic, scanning electron microscopes and detection of properties. The results show that for the cast steel after deformed, the amount of granular carbides of precipitation during the cooling decreased with the increase of the cooling rate, but the hardness was obviously enhanced, as a result, better mechanical properties will be obtained by force air cooling(cooling rate is about 7 ℃·s-1). And the reason of the change for structure and mechanical properties of the cast steel were analyzed.

Effects of cooling rate on solution heat treatment of as-cast A356 alloy

The effect of cooling rate of the solidification process on the following solution heat treatment of A356 alloy was investigated,where the cooling rates of 96 K/s and 3 K/s were obtained by the step-like metal mold.Then the eutectic silicon morphology evolution and tensile properties of the alloy samples were observed and analyzed after solution heat treatment at 540 °C for different time.The results show that the high cooling rate of the solidification process can not only reduce the solid solution heat treatment time to rapidly modify the eutectic silicon morphology,but also improve the alloy tensile properties.Specially,it is found that the disintegration,the spheroidization and coarsening of eutectic silicon of A356 alloy are completed during solution heat treatment through two stages,i.e.,at first,the disintegration and spheroidization of the eutectic silicon mainly takes place,then the eutectic silicon will coarsen.

Effect of cooling rate on morphology of primary particles in Al-Sc-Zr master alloy

Al-1.0%Sc-1.0%Zr （mass fraction） master alloy was prepared at different cooling rates. The morphology and thermodynamics data of the primary particles of the master alloy were investigated by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. It shows that the primary particles are dendrite-shaped particles comprised of several attached small cubic, cusped-cubic or crucifer shape particles at slow cooling rate. However, the primary particles are separated with crucifer shape at intermediate cooling rate, and they are cubic with cusped-cubic shape at high cooling rate. Meanwhile, the separated and attached particles present AlaSc/AlaZr1-xScx core-shell structure. The formation mechanism of the structure was systematically investigated by a mathematical model.

Prediction of mechanical properties of Al alloys with change of cooling rate

The solidification process significantly affects the mechanical properties and there are lots of factors that affect the solidification process.Much progress has been made in the research on the effect of solidification on mechanical properties.Among them,the PF(Phase Field) model and CA(Cellular Automata) model are widely used as simulation methods which can predict nucleation and its growth,and the size and morphology of the grains during solidification.Although they can give accurate calculation results,it needs too much computational memory and calculation time.So it is difficult to apply the simulation to the real production process.In this study,a more practical simulation approach which can predict the mechanical properties of real aluminum alloys is proposed,by identifying through experiment the relationship between cooling rate and SDAS(Secondary Dendrite Arm Spacing) and mechanical properties.The experimentally measured values and the values predicted by simulation have relatively small differences and the mechanical properties of a variety of Al alloys are expected to be predicted before casting through use of the simulation.

Influence of cooling rate on magneto-structural transition and magnetocaloric effect of Ni_(30)Cu)8Co_(12)Mn_(37)Ga_(13) alloy

The influence of heat treatment with different cooling rates on phase transition behaviors and magnetocaloric effect is systematically studied.Difference in atomic order is induced by changing cooling rates,where ordered phase is obtained in the furnace cooled（FC）sample while disordered phase is reserved in the water quenched（WQ）sample.The coupled magneto-structural transition is detected in both samples but the characteristic temperature significantly shifts to lower temperatures with increasing atomic order.Giant magnetic entropy change（ΔS_（mag））derived from magnetic field induced martensitic transformation is confirmed for both samples,and can be remarkably enhanced by the atomic ordering.The largestΔS_（mag） of 20.9J/（kg·K）is obtained at 307.5Kunder 5Tin the FC sample.

Effect of as-solidified microstructure on subsequent solution-treatment process for A356 Al alloy

For the compromise of mechanical properties and product cost, the end-chilled sand casting technique was applied to studying the microstructure evolution of A356 Al alloy with cooling rate and the effect of different as-cast microstructures on the subsequent solution-treatment process. The experimental results show that the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) of primaryα(Al), the size of eutectic Si and the volume fraction of Al?Si eutectic are reduced with increasing the cooling rate. Eutectic Si, subjected to solution treatment at 540 °C for 1 h followed by water quenching to room temperature, is completely spheroidized at cooling rate of 2.6 K/s; is partially spheroidized atcooling rate of 0.6 K/s; and is only edge-rounded at cooling rates of 0.22 and 0.12 K /s. Whilst the microhardness is also the maximum at cooling rate of 2.6 K/s. It consequently suggests that subjected to modification by high cooling rate, the eutectic Si is more readily modified, thus shortening the necessary solution time at given solution temperature, i.e., reducing the product cost.

Solidification behaviour of Al-7%Si-Mg casting alloys

The effects of Mg content and cooling rate on the solidification behaviour of Al-7%Si-Mg（mass fraction） casting alloys have been investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, differential thermal analysis and microscopy. The Mg contents were selected as respectively 0.00%, 0.35% and 0.70%（mass fraction）. DTA curves of Al-7%Si-0.55%Mg（mass fraction） alloy at various cooling rates were accomplished and the alloy melt was cast in different cooling rates. The results indicate that increasing Mg content can lower the liquidus and binary Al-Si eutectic transformation temperatures. Large Fe-rich π-phases （Al8FeMg3Si6） are found in the 0.70% Mg alloys together with some small β-phases （Al5FeSi）; in contrast, only β-phases are observed in the 0.35% Mg alloys. The test results of the Al-7%Si-0.55%Mg alloys identify that the liquidus and binary Al-Si eutectic transformation temperatures decrease, and the quantity of ternary Al-Si-Mg2Si eutectic phase decreases as the cooling rate increases.

NbC纤维增强共晶镍基合金的超高梯度定向凝固组织研究

采用液态金属冷却定向凝固工艺制备NbC纤维增强高温共晶镍基合金。利用SEM、XRD、EDS和EPMA等测试方法,对NbC纤维增强高温共晶镍基合金不同区域的显微组织及形成机理进行分析,随后分别改变抽拉速率(2、7、12μm/s)和熔体温度(1 550、1 580、1 600℃),研究工艺参数对合金组织的影响。根据组织类型及形态不同,可将定向凝固高温共晶镍基合金分为启动区与复合区两个区域,启动区以大块状的富Nb和富W碳化物为主,而位于启动区之上的复合区主要分布定向排列的NbC纤维。定向凝固过程中NbC纤维的生长可划分为3个阶段,即启动阶段、多取向竞争阶段和稳定阶段。随抽拉速率增大,纤维体积分数增大,纤维中C、Nb和W质量分数降低,且Nb含量下降更显著。随熔体温度升高,纤维体积分数、横截面积以及间距皆增大,纤维中C、Nb和W质量分数升高,且W含量上升更显著。

挤压力及热处理对体育器材用7A09铝合金组织和性能的影响

采用挤压铸造工艺制备了7A09铝合金,研究了挤压力及时效工艺对7A09铝合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明:以挤压力为25、50和75 MPa的挤压铸造工艺制备的7A09铝合金铸件内无气孔、缩孔等缺陷,其显微组织比采用普通铸造工艺制备的铝合金铸件致密;挤压铸造的合金晶粒和沉淀相比普通铸造的合金的细小,随着挤压力的增大,合金的硬度和抗拉强度升高,磨损质量损失减小;经120℃时效130 min后,挤压铸造的合金的磨损质量损失比普通铸造的合金显著减小,这是由于挤压铸造合金凝固时间缩短、沉淀相密度提高、晶粒较细小和共晶组织分布较均匀从而耐磨性显著改善所致。

Nd与冷却速度对AZ91HP镁合金共晶组织形貌的影响

研究稀土Nd和冷却速度对AZ91镁合金共晶组织及β相形貌的影响,分析了Nd和冷却速度与合金组织之间的相关规律。结果表明:加Nd变质对β相分布、形貌的影响效果随着冷却速度的减小而增大。Nd的作用机理主要通过改变树枝晶α-Mg枝晶的间距,进而影响β相的数量和分布形貌,而对α-Mg的晶粒尺寸影响不大。β相的显微硬度为344HV,为基体α-Mg的4.5倍。由于β相的存在,造成两相材料的变形不协调,在界面附近产生应力集中,从而在界面处易诱发裂纹源。在铸型冷却能力较小时,加入Nd进行变质处理可以减少共晶β相的数量,增大其分散度。此外,Nd的加入还可在基体中形成杆状Al11Nd3金属间化合物。

热处理对不同冷速Al合金共晶相形貌及含量的影响

选取成分为Al-5.17Cu-2.63Si(合金A)、Al-4.29Cu-1.09Mg(合金B)和Al-2.09Si-1.66Mg(合金C)三元铝合金,分别进行不同冷速下的凝固实验。对比研究不同凝固速率下得到的共晶相形貌与含量在接近各合金体系三元共晶温度下热处理前后的变化行为。结果表明:同一合金冷速越慢,得到的原始组织二次枝晶间距越大,合金A的石墨型、砂型、保温型冷却组织的二次枝晶间距分别为24.17、63.32和99.88μm,合金B的二次枝晶间距分别为24.35、82.78和139.42μm。均匀化热处理的热扩散过程可以明显地溶解非平衡共晶相,由于原始组织的尺度不同,共晶相所处的溶解阶段与溶解程度不同。合金A的石墨型、砂型、保温型组织热处理后与热处理前的共晶相含量比值分别为0.44、0.49和0.68,合金B的共晶相含量比值分别为0.084、0.30和0.38。

凝固速率对定向凝固合金DZ22显微组织的影响

采用ＺＭＬＭＣ超高梯度定向凝固装置，研究了不同凝固速率下定向凝固高温合金ＤＺ２２显微组织的变化。试验结果表明，冷却速率增大，ＤＺ２２合金的组成相γ′，（γ＋γ′），ＭＣ的尺度和形态都发生了显著变化。当冷却速率为５４．２Ｋ·ｓ－１时，γ′相为棱角较圆滑的细小块状，且枝晶干和枝晶间的γ′相分布均匀；（γ＋γ′）共晶为群块状或块状，分布于晶界和枝晶间；ＭＣ型碳化物呈小块状。

离心铸造TC4合金冷速对其组织和力学性能的影响

实验与模拟计算相结合研究Ti-6Al-4V(TC4)合金在陶瓷壳型离心精铸条件下,铸件模数对凝固过程冷速的影响,以及铸件组织、性能随模数和冷速之间的统计关系。结果表明:当铸件模数较小时,模数大小对凝固过程冷速影响比较显著,而随着模数的进一步增加,当M>7.00mm时,铸件冷却速度随模数变化并不明显;晶粒尺寸、α/β片层厚度及二次枝晶间距均随铸件模数的增加及冷速的减小而增大,抗拉强度则呈现相反趋势。得出了TC4离心精铸件组织、性能与铸件模数和冷速之间定量关系的表达式。

Ce对AZ31镁合金中离异共晶β相的影响

研究了凝固过程中的冷却速度和稀土Ce加入量对AZ31合金凝固组织中离异共晶β相的生长方式、形貌、特征和数量的影响。结果表明,Ce的加入改变了合金的组织形貌,当加入量增至0.6%时,离异共晶β相从厚壁近乎连续的网状转变成不连续短棒状或粒状分布;组织中离异共晶β相的总量随冷却速度的减小而减少;物相分析发现有Mg-Al-Zn-Ce化合物生成。

铸造工艺对铝合金铸件共晶组织的影响

研究了A356铝合金金属型重力铸造成形试样的微观组织形貌与铸造条件之间的关系,并通过组织分析和冷却速度的计算机模拟,研究了共晶含量与冷却速度之间的关系。结果表明,随着冷却速度的提高,凝固组织中的共晶含量增多,而且初生相组织的形态也由粗大的树枝晶逐步向蔷薇状枝晶演变。通过计算机模拟可较为准确地了解铸件各部位的冷却情况,并为预测铸件不同位置的组织和性能提供参考,为在工业生产中研发形状复杂、要求各异的零件奠定必要的基础。

冷却速度对Zn-0.24Ni合金共晶组织的影响

研究了冷却速度对用于热浸镀Zn的Zn0.24Ni合金共晶组织的影响。结果表明,在炉冷、空冷和铁模水冷3种不同冷却条件下,合金分别生成粗大的、细小的棒状共晶和离异共晶组织。对合金形成片状、棒状共晶和离异共晶的条件进行了讨论。

铜基大块非晶合金的临界冷速与组织形貌变化

制备了具有良好玻璃形成能力的Cu52.5Ti30Zr11.5Ni6大块非晶合金,其临界直径达到5mm,临界冷却速率约为126.8K/s。采用Jackson-Hunt公式计算了晶化组织形成的冷却速率。当冷却速率在10K/s～120K/s时,晶化组织则出现亚稳初生相与共晶共存的形态。当冷却速率低于10K/s时,亚稳初生相的析出将被逐渐抑制,使得共晶生长方式发生改变。

激光熔覆NJ-4镍基合金涂层显微硬度的探究

目的探究晶体尺寸、组织结构和过冷度对NJ-4镍基合金涂层显微硬度的影响规律,找出一定组织结构和晶体尺寸下的最佳显微硬度。方法采用正交实验对基体进行激光熔覆,然后分析组织结构、晶体尺寸和过冷度对合金涂层硬度的影响。结果不同组织结构的NJ-4镍基合金涂层显微硬度有很大差异。从熔覆层的上表面到下表面依次为树枝晶、等轴晶、胞状枝晶、等轴晶、树枝晶、板条状马氏体。晶体结构依次变化时,显微硬度先增大、后减小、再增大,在熔覆层上部的等轴晶处的显微硬度最大。此外显微硬度还受到晶体尺寸和过冷度的影响。激光为熔池凝固提供特殊的冷却环境,抑制了凝固过程中杂质的析出,降低了缺陷的产生概率,提高了熔覆层硬度。激光熔覆层产生的板条状马氏体镶嵌在基体和熔覆层之间,提高了冶金结合强度,测量发现熔覆层的显微硬度是基体的2.5倍以上。结论熔覆层的显微硬度最终由组织结构、晶体尺寸和过冷度决定。

魏氏组织形成机理及对钢管性能影响的分析研究

利用万能光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜等大型精密仪器对低碳低合金钢管中出现的魏氏组织进行了级别判定、高倍形貌观察和精细结构研究;对不同温度和冷速条件下进行热处理工艺试验的管材进行了力学性能对比。通过试验确定了魏氏组织的形成温度范围和形成魏氏组织的冷速区间,搞清了魏氏组织对钢性能(尤其是冲击性能)的影响规律。分析研究了魏氏组织的形成机理。