Synthesis and Characterization of Rectorite/ZnO/TiO2 Composites and Their Properties of Adsorption and Photocatalysis for the Removal of Methylene Blue Dye

As efficient water treatment agents, a novel series of rectorite-based ZnO and TiO2 hybrid composites（REC/ZnO/TiO2） were synthesized and characterized in this study. Effects of experimental parameters including TiO2 mass ratio, solution p H and catalyst dosage on the removal of methyl blue（MB） were also conducted. The presence of a little mass ratio（2%-6%） of TiO2 highly promoted the photoactivity of REC/ZnO/TiO2 in removal of MB dye from aqueous solution, in which ZnO and REC played a role of photocatalyst and adsorbent. The promotion effects of TiO2 may result from the accelerated separation of electron-hole on ZnO. The observed kinetic constant for the degradation of MB over REC/ZnO and REC/ZnO/TiO2 were 0.015 and 0.038 min^（-1）, respectively. The degradation kinetics of MB dye, which followed the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model, had a reaction constant of 0.17 mg/（L min）. The decrease of removal ratio of MB after five repetitive experiments was small, indicating REC/ZnO/TiO2 has great potential as an effective and stable catalyst.

Photocatalytic Activity Enhancement in Organic Dyes Degradation by Loading Ag Nanoparticles onto α-Fe_(2)O_(3)/ZnOs

Fe_(2)O_(3)/ZnO/Ag ternary composite photocatalytic material was prepared by simple hydrothermal method,and its structure and photocatalytic properties were studied.The experimental results show that Fe_(2)O_(3)/ZnO/Ag exhibits better photocatalytic performance.After two hours of UV irradiation,the degradation rates of orange Ⅱ and methyl orange reached 91.9% and 75.9%,respectively.The design and preparation of the photocatalyst provide a theoretical basis for the practical application of photocatalytic technology.

TiO2-PES Fibrous Composite Material for Ammonia Removal Using UV-A Photocatalyst

This study focused on the development and characterization of TiO2-PES composite fibers with varying TiO2 loading amounts using a phase inversion process. The resulting composite fibers exhibited a sponge-like structure with embedded TiO2 nanoparticles within a polymer matrix. Their photocatalytic performance for ammonia removal from aqueous solutions under UV-A light exposure was thoroughly investigated. The findings revealed that PeTi8 composite fibers displayed superior adsorption capacity compared to other samples. Moreover, the study explored the impact of pH, light intensity, and catalyst dosage on the photocatalytic degradation of ammonia. Adsorption equilibrium isotherms closely followed the Langmuir model, with the results indicating a correlation between qm values of 2.49 mg/g and the porous structure of the adsorbents. The research underscored the efficacy of TiO2 composite fibers in the photocatalytic removal of aqueous under UV-A light. Notably, increasing the distance between the photocatalyst and the light source resulted in de-creased hydroxyl radical concentration, influencing photocatalytic efficiency. These findings contribute to our understanding of TiO2 composite fibers as promising photocatalysts for ammonia removal in water treatment applications.

基于共溅射ZnO/SnO_(2)异质结薄膜的气体传感器研究

采用射频磁控共溅射法在叉指电极上制备了ZnO/SnO_(2)n-n异质结复合薄膜,系统测试了其气敏特性,并分析了其气敏机理。结果表明,与ZnO薄膜和SnO_(2)薄膜气体传感器相比,ZnO/SnO_(2)异质结薄膜气体传感器具有更低的工作温度、更高的灵敏度以及更快的响应和恢复速度。ZnO/SnO_(2)异质结薄膜气体传感器对乙醇具有较好的选择性,最低检测体积分数为1×10^(-6),最佳工作温度为250℃;对1×10^(-4)乙醇气体的灵敏度可达18.4,响应时间和恢复时间分别为10 s和19 s。

纳米ZnO/TiO_(2)对玄武岩纤维改性沥青性能影响

为提升沥青结合料的路用性能,采用玄武岩纤维、纳米ZnO和纳米TiO_(2)复配复合改性沥青。通过三大指标、布氏旋转黏度和温度扫描试验对复合改性沥青基础性能及流变性能进行研究,采用薄膜烘箱老化试验(TFOT)和压力容器老化试验(PAV)模拟沥青不同老化状态,分析复合改性沥青抗老化性能。结果表明,随着纳米ZnO和纳米TiO_(2)掺量增加,改性沥青针入度、软化点及黏度均增大,其高温性能得到改善;复合改性沥青的车辙因子G^(*)/sinδ和疲劳因子G^(*)•sinδ均有明显提高,其抗车辙性能提升,抗疲劳性能下降;对比不同老化状态下沥青的复数模量、疲劳因子-温度关系曲线,其抗老化性能随纳米复合改性剂掺量的增加而提高;通过综合比选,推荐纳米复合改性剂最佳掺量为4%。

Photocatalytic activity and kinetics for acid yellow degradation over surface composites of TiO_2-coated activated carbon under different photocatalytic conditions

TiO2-coated activated carbon surface （TAs） composites were prepared by a sol-gel method with supercritical pretreatment. The photocatalytic degradation of acid yellow （AY） was investigated under UV radiation to estimate activity of catalysts and determine the kinetics. And the effects of parameters including the initial concentration of AY, light intensity and TiO2 content in catalysts were examined. The results indicate that TAs has a higher efficiency in decomposition of AY than P25, pure TiO2 particles as well as the mixture of TiO2 powder and active carbon. The photocatalytic degradation rate is found to follow the pseudo-first order kinetics with respect to the AY concentration. The new kinetic model fairly resembles the classic Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation, and the rate constant is proportional to the square root of the light intensity in a wide range. However, its absorption performance depends on the surface areas of catalysts. The model fits quite well with the experimental data and elucidates phenomena about the effects of the TiO2 content in TAs on the degradation rate.

PBST/TiO_(2)/MgO复合薄膜的制备及性能

采用硅烷偶联剂γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-570)对TiO_(2)/MgO NPs改性,采用溶液共混法制备了聚丁二酸-共-对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBST)/TiO_(2)/MgO NPs纳米复合薄膜,并探讨了其在食品包装方面的应用。研究了改性TiO_(2)/MgO NPs对PBST基体机械、阻隔、抗菌和保鲜性能的影响。结果表明:复合膜的抗拉强度和水蒸汽透过率分别为29.39MPa和2.43×10^(-11) g·m/(m^(2)·s·Pa),相较PBST基体抗拉强度提高了24.32%,水蒸汽透过率降低了32.37%,且对金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aures)和大肠杆菌(E.coli)抑菌效果显著,分别达到98.7%和97.2%,并对圣女果有良好的保鲜性能,当改性后的TiO_(2)/MgO NPs质量含量为5%时,复合薄膜的性能最佳。

TiO_2/polyaniline composites:An efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue under natural light

Polyaniline （PAn） sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 composites （TiO2/PAn） were successfully prepared and used as an efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of dye methylene blue （MB）. The results showed that PAn was able to sensitize TiO2 efficiently and the composite photocatalyst could be activated by absorbing both the ultraviolet and visible light （λ： 190 ～ 800 nm）, whereas pure TiO2 absorbed ultraviolet light only （λ 〈 380 nm）. Under the irradiation of natural light, MB could be degraded more efficiently on the TiO2/PAn composites than on the TiO2 Furthermore, it could be easily separated from the solution by simple sedimentation.

Non‑Magnetic Bimetallic MOF‑Derived Porous Carbon‑Wrapped TiO2/ ZrTiO4 Composites for Efficient Electromagnetic Wave Absorption

Modern communication technologies put forward higher requirements for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption materials.Metal-organic framework(MOF)derivatives have been widely concerned with its diverse advantages.To break the mindset of magneticderivative design,and make up the shortage of monometallic non-magnetic derivatives,we first try non-magnetic bimetallic MOFs derivatives to achieve efficient EMW absorption.The porous carbon-wrapped TiO2/ZrTiO4 composites derived from PCN-415(TiZr-MOFs)are qualified with a minimum reflection loss of−67.8 dB(2.16 mm,13.0 GHz),and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 5.9 GHz(2.70 mm).Through in-depth discussions,the synergy of enhanced interfacial polarization and other attenuation mechanisms in the composites is revealed.Therefore,this work confirms the huge potentials of nonmagnetic bimetallic MOFs derivatives in EMW absorption applications.

Synthesis of graphene/tourmaline/TiO_2 composites with enhanced activity for photocatalytic degradation of 2-propanol

We report the construction of a graphene/tourmaline/TiO2(G/T/TiO2)composite system with enhanced charge‐carrier separation,and therefore enhanced photocatalytic properties,based on tailoring the surface‐charged state of graphene and/or by introducing an external electric field arising from tourmaline.A simple two‐step hydrothermal method was used to synthesize G/T/TiO2composites and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)‐G/T/TiO2composites.In the photocatalytic degradation of2‐propanol(IPA),the catalytic activity of the composite containing negatively charged graphene was higher than of the composite containing positively charged graphene.The highest acetone evolution rate(223?mol/h)was achieved using the ternary composite with the optimum composition,i.e.,G0.5/T5/TiO2(0.5wt%graphene and5wt%tourmaline).The involvement of tourmaline and graphene in the composite is believed to facilitate the separation and transportation of electrons and holes photogenerated in TiO2.This synergetic effect could account for the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the G/T/TiO2composite.A mechanistic study indicated that O2??radicals and holes were the main reactive oxygen species in photocatalytic degradation of IPA.

Preparation and characterization of porous TiO_2/ZnO composite nanofibers via electrospinning

Porous TiO2/ZnO composite nanofibers have been successfully prepared by electrospinning technique for the first time.It was generated by calcining TiO2/ZnCl2/PVP[PVP：polyvinyl pyrrolidone）]nanofibers,which were electrospun from a mixture solution of TiO2,ZnCl2 and PVP.Transmission electron microscopy（TEM） and X-ray diffraction（XRD） analyses were used to identify the morphology of the TiO2/ZnO nanofibers and a formation of inorganic TiO2/ZnO fibers.The porous structure of the TiO2/ZnO fibers was characterized by N2 adsoption/desorption isotherm.Surface photovoltage spectroscopy（SPS） and photocatalytic activity measurements revealed advance properties of the porous TiO2/ZnO composite nanofibers and the results were compared with pure TiO2 nanofibers,pure ZnO nanofibers and TiO2/ZnO nanoparticles.

Synthesis and Photocatalytic Property of ZnO/TiO2 Inverse Opals Films with Controllable Composition and Topology

A novel method to fabricate composition- （IO） films using a positive sacrificial ZnO and topology-controlled ZnO/TiO2 inverse opals IO template has been developed. This method includes a two-step process, preparation of ZnO IO by a simple electrochemical deposition using a self-assembly polystyrene colloidal crystal template and preparation of ZnO/TiO2 IO by a liquid phase deposition （LPD） process at room temperature. The composition and topology of ZnO/TiO2 IO can be easily controlled by changing the duration of the LPD. After 20 min LPD process, a ZnO/TiO2 composite IO with non-close-packed face-centered cubic air sphere array was obtained. Prolonging the duration to 60 min, a pure TiO2 IO （TIO-LPD60） with obviously thickened walls was formed. The formation mechanism for the compositional and topological variation was discussed. A preliminary study on UV photocatalytic property of the samples for degradation of methylene blue reveals that the composition and topology significantly influenced the photocatalytic activity of the IO film. The ZnO/TiO2 composite IO demonstrates a higher degree of activity than both pure ZnO and pure TiO2 IO, although they have a similar IO wall thickness. Moreover, with increasing IO wall thickness from -52 nm to -90 nm, TIO-LPD60 exhibits the highest level of photocatalytic performance.

The Effects of TiO2 Particle Size on the Properties of PTFE/TiO2 Composites

TiO2 filled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composite were fabricated for microwave circuit applications. PTFE/TiO2 composites were prepared by cold pressing and hot treating. The particle size of TiO2 varied from 5 μm to 11 μm.TiO2 powders with different sizes were prepared by the solid state ceramic route. The effects of TiO2 particle size on the microstructure, density, moisture absorption, thermal conductivity and microwave dielectric properties of PTFE/TiO2 composites were investigated. The density showed an increasing trend as the TiO2 particle size increased, while the dielectric loss (tanδ) and moisture absorption decreased with the increase of TiO2 particle size. The dielectric constant (εr) and thermal conductivity (λ) decreased up to D50 = 6.5 μm and then sharply increased. Good properties with values of εr = 6.8, tanδ = 0.0012 and λ = 0.533 W?m?1?K?1 were obtained in PTFE/TiO2 composites when the particle size of TiO2 was 11 μm.

Thermal and Structural Analyses of PMMA/TiO₂Nanoparticles Composites

In the present work, composites of poly (methyl methacrylate)/titanium oxide nanoparticles (100/0, 97.5/2.5, 95/5, 92.5/7.5, 90/10 and 0/100 wt/wt%)were prepared to be used as bioequivalent materials according to their importance broad practical and medical applications. Thermal properties as well as X-ray diffraction analyses were employed to characterize the structure properties of such composite. The obtained results showed variations in the glass transition temperature (Tg), the melting temperature (Tm), shape and area of thermal peaks which were attributed to the different degrees of crystallinity and the existence of interactions between PMMA and TiO2 nanoparticle molecules. The XRD patterns showed sharpening of peaks at different concentrations of nano-TiO2 powder with PMMA. This indicated changes in the crystallinity/amorphosity ratio, and also suggested that the miscibility between the amorphous components of homo- polymers PMMA and nano-TiO2 powder is possible.The results showed that nano-TiO2 powder mix with PMMA can improve the thermal stability of the homo-polymer under investigation, lead- ing to interesting technological applications.

Facile fabrication of TiO_2 nanoparticle–TiO_2 nanofiber composites by co-electrospinning–electrospraying for dye-sensitized solar cells

We report a facile method for the fabrication of TiO2 nanofiber-nanoparticle composite （FP） via. simulta- neous electrospraying and electrospinning for dye-sensitized solar cell （DSC） applications. The loading of nanoparticles on the fibers is controlled by varying their feed rates during electrospinning. The FP composites having three different particle loading are prepared by the methodology and the FP with the highest particle loading （denoted as FP-3 in the manuscript） showed the best overall efficiency of 9.15% in comparison to the other compositions of the FP （FP-2, 8.15% and FP-1, Z51%, respectively） and nanofibers （F） and nanoparticles （P） separately （7.21 and 7.81, respectively）. All the material systems are characterized by spec- troscopy, microscopy, surface area measurements and the devices are characterized by current-voltage （I-V）, incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency （IPCE）, electrochemical impedance measurements, etc. I-V, dye-loading and reflectance measurements throw light on the overall performance of the DSC devices.

ZnO/TiO2 Nanocomposite Synthesized by Sol Gel from Highly Soluble Single Source Molecular Precursor

Single source molecular precursors （SSPs） provide an opportunity to get control over the microstructure of nanomaterials at atomic level. A SSP was designed and developed for the synthesis of ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite by sol gel method. In a typical synthe-sis process, a bimetallic molecular compound with chemical formula [Cl2TiZn（dmae）4] （dmae=dimethylaminoethanol） was synthesized and its chemical composition was deter-mined by elemental analysis. The obtained compound has shown excellent solubility in common organic solvents, a prerequisite for its use in sol gel method as SSP. The SSP ob-tained was controllably hydrolyzed by adding equimolar amount of water using ethanol as solvent to get ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite gel. The resulting gel was precipitated at pH=9 and sintered at 200 ℃ （T200）, 400℃ （T400）, and 600℃ （T600）. The XRD analyses have shown that the as synthesized （non-sintered, T00） powder was amorphous. However, the crystallinity improved upon sintering, and the XRD analyses revealed that the resulting nanomaterials were composed of mixed oxides i.e., ZnO and TiO2. The ZnO was in wurtzite （hexagonal） while the TiO2 was in brookite （orthorhombic） phase. The increase in particlesize was further confirmed from BET analysis and SEM micrographs. The IR spectra ob-tained for the resulting powder have shown the peculiar vibrational bands for Zn-O and Ti-O. Furthermore, the IR spectra revealed that the non-sintered ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite had significant number of OH group which was removed upon sintering. The photocatalytic activities of the ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposites were tested. All the samples have shown good photocatalytic activities. However, the T400 has shown higher activity than the T00, T200, and T600. The higher photocatalytic activity of T400 than T00, T200, and T600 may be due to improved crystallinity which ensures efficient grain boundary interfaces.

Photocatalytic and Thermal Insulating Performances of Fiber Reinforced Hierarchical TiO_2/SiO_2 Xerogel Composites Synthesized by Ambient Drying Route

Silica( SiO_2) based aerogel/xerogel materials have been received ever-growing attentions for versatile applications. However,the widespread applications are narrowed by the inert properties,fragile and brittle natureof silica materials and cumbersome preparation processes. In this paper,titania( TiO_2) was introduced into SiO_2 matrix to form photocatalytic hybrid gels. The TiO_2/SiO_2 composites were then reinforced by the impregnation of various fibrillary reinforcements,such as glass,mullite mineral and ceramic fibers. The properties of the composites were studied systematically in terms of fiberstability,microstructure,chemical interaction and thermal conductivity. The final xerogel composites displayed improved monolithic geometry,satisfied thermal conductivity(0. 09-0. 25 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)) and optimized photocatalytic performance(85% removal of model pollutant of methyl orange( Mo)),which could be expected to be a feasible route to multi-functional building facades in the future.

Effects of CaTiO3 Loading on the Properties of PTFE/TiO2 Composites

In this paper, a detailed study was carried out on the PTFE reinforced with TiO2 and CaTiO3. The filler content of ceramic powder was a fixed value of 61 wt% and the content of CaTiO3 in PTFE matrix varied from 0 wt% to 16 wt% with a step size of 4 wt%. The effects of CaTiO3 loading on the density, moisture absorption, thermal expansion, microstructure and microwave dielectric properties were investigated. As CaTiO3 loading content increased from 0 wt% to 16 wt%, the thermal expansion initially displayed a sharp increase, and showed a slight enhancement when the content of CaTiO3 exceeded 12 wt%. The density experienced a continuous decrease with the addition of CaTiO3. The moisture absorption displayed a steady increase with the increasing CaTiO3 loading amount. The changing of dielectric constant (εr) and loss tangent (tanδ) were similar to that of the moisture absorption in a manner. Good dielectric properties with values of εr = 11.60, tanδ = 0.002 were obtained in the PTFE matrix with 16 wt% CaTiO3 and 45 wt% TiO2.

Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Isotactic Polypropylene/TiO_2 Particulate Composites

Particulate composites based on isotactic polypropylene(iPP) and titanium dioxide(TiO 2) have been prepared and their morphology and thermal behavior investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA). Tensile tests were performed to assess the influence of TiO 2 on the mechanical properties of the iPP.

Preparation and Characterization of Tetracomponent ZnO/SiO₂/SnO₂/TiO₂Composite Nanofibers by Electrospinning

[Zn(CH3COO)2 + PVP]/[C2H5O)4Si + PVP]/[SnCl4 + PVP]/[Ti(OC4H9)4 + CH3COOH + PVP] precursor composite fibers have been fabricated through self-made electrospinning equipment via electrospinning tech-nique. ZnO/SiO2/SnO2/TiO2 composite nanofibers were obtained by calcination of the relevant precursor composite fibers. The samples were characterized by thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). TG-DTA analysis reveals that solvents, organic compounds and inorganic in the precursor composite fibers are decomposed and volatilized totally, and the mass of the samples kept constant when sintering temperature was above 900?C, and the total mass loss percentage is 88%. XRD results show that the precursor composite fibers are amorphous in structure, and pure phase ZnO/SiO2/SnO2/TiO2 com-posite nanofibers are obtained by calcination of the relevant precursor composite fibers. FTIR analysis manifests that pure inorganic oxides are formed. SEM analysis indicates that the width of the precursor composite fibers is ca. 1.485 ± 0.043 μm. The width of the ZnO/SiO2/SnO2/TiO2 composite nanofibers is ca. 1145.098 ± 68.093 nm.