基于Zonal Model信息的单体建筑热水供暖系统控制策略仿真

本文通过创建房间Zonal Model和热水供暖系统数学模型,模拟分析了室内空气温度场和速度场的分布及控制系统动态响应。而后利用测试室温作为反馈信号,对3种控制策略的控制效果和能耗进行了模拟。结果显示,基于ZonalModel信息的控制系统能够反映供暖系统的动态变化过程;仅采用室外气候补偿器时的室温波动较大;应用供水温度和散热器循环流量两级控制策略既可提高室内热舒适性和控制精度,又可获得10.5%～15.9%的节能效益。

Zonal Metamorphic Complex in the Tongulack Mountain Ridge, Altai, Russia, and Explanation ofIts Origin with the Help of Thermal Modelling

A moderate pressure/high temperature zonal metamorphic complex in the Tongulack Mountain Ridge, Altai, Russia, is described, and the applicability of the models of magmatic intrusion and fluid flow to explanation of its origin discussed. The Precambrian complex was formed at 500–700°C and 3.0–5.5 kbars; it is a linear, 25–30 km wide, thermal anticline with a curved axis showing symmetric metamorphic zoning. The metamorphism was isochemical by its nature, as is corroborated by the chemical compositions of the rocks. Four zones can be recognized within the metamorphic complex: chloritic (on the peripheries), cordieritic, sillimanitic and staurolite-out (in the centre). The zones are separated by successive isograds: cordierite, staurolite-in or sillimanite and staurolite-out. It is argued that the origin of the metamorphic zoning can be explained best by a combined fluid-magmatic model; conductive heat flow from the intrusion predominated considerably over the fluid flux in heat transfer: the fluid flow rate was estimated as about 3 ? 10?9 g/cm2, ? s. The modern position of the axial region of the metamorphic belt is predicted to be lying roughly about 1.5 km above the roof of the intrusive body.

Modeling of the effect of hydrogen injection on blast furnace operation and carbon dioxide emissions

The effect of hydrogen injection on blast furnace operation and carbon dioxide emissions was simulated using a 1D steady-state zonal model.The maximum hydrogen injection rate was evaluated on the basis of the simulation of the vertical temperature pattern in the blast furnace with a focus on the thermal reserve zone.The effects of blast temperature and oxygen enrichment were also examined to estimate coke replacement ratio,productivity,hydrogen utilization efficiency,and carbon dioxide emission reduction.For blast temperature of 1200℃,the maximum hydrogen injection rate was 19.0 and 28.3 kg of H_(2)/t of hot metal(HM)for oxygen enrichment of 2vol%and 12vol%,respectively.Results showed a coke replacement ratio of 3-4 kg of coke/kg of H_(2),direct CO_(2) emission reduction of 10.2%-17.8%,and increased productivity by up to 13.7%depending on oxygen enrichment level.Increasing blast temperature further reduced the direct CO_(2) emissions.Hydrogen utilization degree reached the maximum of 0.52-0.54 H_(2)O/(H_(2)O+H_(2)).The decarbonization potential of hydrogen injection was estimated in the range from 9.4 t of CO_(2)/t of H_(2) to 9.7 t of CO_(2)/t of H_(2).For economic feasibility,hydrogen injection requires revolutionary progress in terms of low-cost H_(2) generation unless the technological change is motivated by the carbon emission cost.Hydrogen injection may unfavorably affect the radial temperature pattern of the raceway,which could be addressed by adopting appropriate injection techniques.

室内气流模拟方法比较及一种新的Zonal模型方法研究

比较了室内气流分布模拟的常用方法及其优缺点 ,指出 Zonal模型方法是一种有前途的方法 .研究了一种基于网格基准压力差概念的 Zonal模型方法 .通过对多种通风条件的模拟表明 ,该方法应用简单 ,节省计算机机时 。

Quantitative analysis of rockburst for surrounding rocks and zonal disintegration mechanism in deep tunnels

Rock masses without pre-existing macrocracks can usually be considered as granular materials with only microcracks.During the excavation of the tunnels,microcracks may nucleate,grow and propagate through the rock matrix;secondary microcracks may appear,and discontinuous and incompatible deformation of rock masses may occur.The classical continuum elastoplastic theory is not suitable for analyzing discontinuous and incompatible deformation of rock masses.Based on non-Euclidean model of the discontinuous and incompatible deformation of rock masses,the distribution of stresses in the surrounding rock masses in deep tunnels is fluctuant or wave-like.The stress concentration at the tips of microcracks located in vicinity of stress wave crest is comparatively large,which may lead to the unstable growth and coalescence of secondary microcracks,and consequently the occurrence of fractured zones.On the other hand,the stress concentration at the tips of microcracks located around stress wave trough is relatively small,which may lead to the arrest of microcracks,and thus the non-fractured zones.The alternate appearance of stress wave crest and trough thus may induce the alternate occurrence of fractured and non-fractured zones in deep rock masses.For brittle rocks,the dissipated energy of microcrack growth is small,but the elastic strain energy stored in rock masses may be larger than the dissipated energy growths of pre-existing microcracks and secondary microcracks.The sudden release of the residual elastic strain energy may lead to rockburst.Based on this understanding,the criteria of rockburst are established.Furthermore,the relationship between rockbursts and zonal disintegration in the surrounding rock masses around deep tunnels is studied.The influences of the in-situ stresses and the physico-mechanical parameters on the distribution of rockburst zones and the ejection velocity of rock fragments are investigated in detail.

TESTING SPHERICITY IN A GMANOVA-MANOVA MODEL WITH NORMAL ERROR

This article presents a statistic for testing the sphericity in a GMANOVA- MANOVA model with normal error. It is shown that the null distribution of this statistic is beta and its nonnull distribution is given in series form of beta distributions.

Non-classical solutions of a continuum model for rock descriptions

The strain-gradient and non-Euclidean continuum theories are employed for construction of non- classical solutions of continuum models. The linear approximation of both models＇ results in identical structures in terms of their kinematic and stress characteristics. The solutions obtained in this study exhibit a critical behaviour with respect to the external loading parameter. The conclusions are obtained based on an investigation of the solution for the scalar curvature in the non-Euclidean continuum theory, The proposed analysis enables us to use different theoretical approaches for description of rock critical behaviour under different loading conditions.

Zonal method solution of radiative heat transfer in a one-dimensional long roller-hearth furnace in CSP

A radiative heat transfer mathematical model for a one-dimensional long furnace was set up in a through-type roller-hearth furnace （TTRHF） in compact strip production （CSP）. To accurately predict the heat exchange in the furnace, modeling of the complex gas energy-balance equation in volume zones was considered, and the heat transfer model of heating slabs and wall lines was coupled with the radiative heat transfer model to identify the surface zonal temperature. With numerical simulation, the temperature fields of gas, slabs, and wall lines in the furnace under one typical working condition were carefully accounted and analyzed. The fundamental theory for analyzing the thermal process in TI＇RI-IF was provided.

An extended variable-grid global ocean circulation model and its preliminary results of the equatorial Pacific circulation

To investigate the interaction between the tropical Pacific and China seas a variable-grid global ocean circulation model with fine grid covering the area from 20°S to 50°N and from 99° to 150°E is developed. Numerical computation of the annually cyclic circulation fields is performed. The results of the annual mean zonal currents and deep to abyssal western boundary currents in the equatorial Pacific Ocean are reported. The North Equatorial Current,the North Equatorial Countercurrent, the South Equatorial Current and the Equatorial Undercurrent are fairly well simulated. The model well reproduces the northward flowing abyssal western boundary current.From the model results a lower deep western boundary current east of the Bismarck-Solomon-New Hebrides Island chain at depths around 2 000 m has been found. The model results also show that the currents in the equatorial Pacific Ocean have multi-layer structures both in zonal currents and western boundary currents, indicating that the global ocean overturning thermohaline circulation appears of multi-layer pattern.

江苏沿海“7.26”飑线大风过程诊断模拟分析

利用加密自动观测资料、EAR50.25°×0.25°再分析资料、常州和盐城SA天气雷达资料等和基于三维变分技术(3DVAR)的多雷达风场反演技术,并利用WRF数值模式,对2022年7月26日发生在江苏的一次大范围飑线大风过程进行了分析。结果表明:在此次飑线大风过程中,高空出流区辐散、低层低涡切变辐合,上干冷下暖湿的环境并且配合低空西南急流源源不断输送水汽,为对流的触发和组织化发展提供了较好的动力、水汽条件;飑线入海前,不稳定能量、垂直风切变、垂直上升和水汽条件均较好,而飑线入海后,众物理量配置较差,这与飑线在陆上的组织化发展、强度维持及入海后强度减弱的变化对应较好;飑线入海后,底层后侧入流减弱,使得干空气减少,不利于飑线维持,导致海上大风强度减弱。同时,纬向海陆热力差异变小使得海风的强度也逐渐减小,导致风场辐合效果变差,这可能是飑线系统入海减弱和其引发的海上大风风力变弱的原因之一,数值试验成功模拟了减小纬向热力差异会引发飑线对流系统的减弱。

风电功率预测的新兴技术与发展趋势综述

介绍了风电功率预测技术的新兴技术与发展趋势,分析了分区建模、Koopman算子深度神经网络、DBN与多元线性回归结合等方法;探讨了未来研究的方向,强调了对算法的改进和多领域应用的重要性。

相似药品分区调剂模式对药品调剂差错率的影响

目的探究相似药品分区调剂模式对药品调剂差错率的影响。方法选取2023年1—12月枣庄市立医院14名药师为研究对象,2023年1—6月实施常规药品调剂管理模式为实施前,2023年7—12月实施相似药品分区调剂模式为实施后,分析实施前后药房单方调剂时间、药品核对时间、药品盘点时间、工作质量、药品调剂差错情况、临床科室的问题反馈情况。结果实施后单方调剂时间、药品核对时间、药品盘点时间均较实施前缩短,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);实施后工作质量评分均较实施前提高,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);实施后药品调剂差错率为0.0018%(141/1438371),较实施前的0.0098%(25/1363273)减少,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=75.010,P<0.05);实施相似药品分区调剂模式后临床科室的问题反馈例数较实施前的例数减少。结论相似药品分区调剂模式使工作效率、药品调剂管理质量明显提升,药品调剂差错概率降低,临床科室的问题反馈情况减少。

基于控制水驱前缘速度的注采井组参数优化方法研究与应用

低渗致密油藏注水开发与中高渗油藏不同,井组见效极其不均衡导致无效注水是造成水驱采收率低的主要原因,有必要形成1套以油井同步见水为目标的注采参数调整方法来指导现场注水调整。结合延长油田低渗致密且油水混储的实际情况,建立了考虑毛细管力作用的平面分区径向流水驱前缘推进数学模型;通过优化注水强度与注采压差,形成了两端注采结构调整方法;定量研究了影响井组均衡水驱的3个关键因素。结果表明:通过调整注采井距和注采压差可有效解决渗透率级差导致的平面水驱不均衡的问题;当f w<60%时注采井距比对井组采出程度的影响较大,渗透率级差为20时对应的最佳注采井距比为1.5~2.0。对于注采井网固定的开发老区,主要通过控制各油井方向的生产压差来控制水驱前缘速度。基于两端注采参数调整方法,将D4430-8井组内注水井注水强度从1.87 m^(3)/(d·m)提高到2.50 m^(3)/(d·m),并通过调整3口油井的泵挂来改变注采压差。调整之后D4430-8井组综合含水由37.80%下降至25.29%,单井平均日产油量增加0.53 t,水驱开发效果明显改善。研究结果对低渗致密油藏注水开发老区改善平面波及效率具有重要指导意义。

深部围岩分区破裂化模型试验研究

为研究深部巷道围岩破裂机理,在"深部巷道围岩破裂机理与支护技术模拟试验装置"进行了模型试验,系统研究了深部巷道围岩在最大初始开洞荷载与洞室轴线平行作用下直墙拱顶试验的破坏形态和机理。模型试验表明:当最大主应力与洞室轴线平行,在较大轴向压力作用下产生较大的朝洞内的膨胀变形,使得在围岩内产生较大的径向拉应变,其产生的拉伸断裂是出现分层破坏现象的关键,分布特点是随着轴向应力的增加其拉应变值增加,随距洞壁距离的增大其拉应变值减小。拉伸断裂面形成后,相当于在原来的介质内又形成了一个新的半径增大的洞室,洞室在较大的轴向压应力持续作用下,拉伸破坏过程不断重复出现,就会形成交替的破裂区域和未破裂区域,即分层破裂现象。

深部巷道围岩分区破裂现象的试验与现场监测对比分析研究

为了从本质上认识一些深部巷道中出现的围岩破裂区和完整区间隔排列的分区破裂现象。以淮南矿区丁集煤矿深部巷道工程为研究对象进行了模型试验研究。并通过对现场监测结果和模型试验结果的对比研究与相互验证,归纳分析出了分区破裂现象的主要特征和变化规律,指出分区破裂是与洞室呈同心圆的环状拉破坏断裂。研究结果对于认识深部洞室围岩的破坏方式,揭示深部洞室围岩的变形破坏机理具有重要意义。

铜陵矿集区矿田构造垂直分带

在对铜陵矿集区内矿田构造分类及其控矿特征分析的基础上 ,依据空间分布位置将矿田控矿构造带划分为浅带、中带和深带 3个层次 ,其空间配置为 :浅带“行、列、汇”构造样式、中带岩浆侵入接触构造体系和深带“隆中凹”构造 ,三者在空间上构成了矿田构造的垂直分带。以上覆地层厚度估算矿田各层次控矿构造带的深度大约为 :浅带 0～ 1km ;中带 1～ 3.0km ;深带 >3.0km。三个层次的控矿构造带分别控制了热液脉型、矽卡岩型和层控矽卡岩型等主要矿床类型。浅、中、深控矿构造带在不同的矿田常具有不同的组合形式 ,可以单独出现 ,也可以是两两组合 ,当三者复合产出时则构成完整的矿田构造垂直分带。矿田构造垂直分带的发育程度往往决定矿田的成矿特点 ,是控制成矿系列和“多层楼”

动力扰动下深部开挖洞室围岩分层断裂破坏机制模型试验研究

为研究动、静组合加载下深部巷道围岩分区破裂化的机制,在Instron电液伺服材料试验机上对用石膏制作的深部洞室模型进行了动、静组合加载试验。为进一步分析动、静组合加载下深部巷道围岩分层断裂化的力学本质,将动、静组合加载下深部巷道围岩近似视为若干个二维动、静组合加载试样的组合体,并用红砂岩试样进行了二维动、静组合加载试验。试验结果表明,巷道轴向应力为最大主应力且大于一定值时,围岩会发生分层断裂现象;巷道轴向应力为最大主应力且与外部扰动应力叠加达到一定值时,围岩也会发生分层断裂现象;巷道直径越大,在相同的动、静组合加载条件下,更易发生分层断裂现象;相同直径的巷道,在不同的动、静组合加载作用下,巷道围岩分层断裂化程度不同,动、静组合应力叠加值越大,分层断裂化程度越严重;应力状态对试样裂纹扩展及分布方向起着主导作用,试样破裂面一般垂直于最小主应力方向(在最小主应力面内),与最大主应力方向一致;深部巷道围岩存在形成破裂圈的应力状态,这样的应力状态可诱发巷道围岩分区破裂现象的发生。

深部高应力载荷作用下的洞室变形破坏实验

为了揭示深部高应力岩体工程中所体现出的围岩分区碎裂化现象的机理,采用模拟试验的方法,研究了高应力作用下材料性质,支护,试件尺度对围岩分区碎裂化产生的影响。结果表明:所做的相似材料模拟试验,在洞室周围都观察到了围岩分区碎裂化现象;围岩分区碎裂化形成的应力条件与材料性质有关,脆性材料中更易出现分区碎裂化现象;洞室的破坏程度与支护有关,在有支护条件下,断裂间距减少,破裂程度减弱;试件的长度对分区碎裂化现象的产生影响不明显。该成果对深部高应力岩体工程具有一定的参考价值和指导意义。

福建邱村金矿综合地球化学异常分带模型与找矿预测标志

邱村金矿是一个火山—次火山低温热液型矿床,文章对其成矿过程中各类组分的分配特征和规律、各类微量元素和有机烃气异常在纵向上和平面上的展布特征、元素比值变化特征、异常综合分带模型和深部盲矿预测标志等方面进行了总结。经研究发现,该区成矿组分单一,但具有多期次脉动成矿特征,导致了各组分在纵向上产生明显的轴向分带和多个浓集中心,据此预测认为该区存在第二金富集段。

深部岩体分区破裂化模拟试验模型几何尺寸的确定

为了揭示深部岩体在开挖时所发生的一系列变化情况,需要进行模拟试验研究。简要介绍了深部岩体在开挖洞室或巷道时发生的分区破裂化现象及其发展规律。根据分区破裂化力学现象、模拟试验背景和试验加载条件,运用弹性力学的基本理论,通过分析与计算,确定了采用b/a≥10作为模型几何参数的选取原则。在实验室条件下,可以采用石膏半径b=1 000 mm,钻孔半径a=100 mm的圆柱体模型来模拟深部岩体的分区破裂化现象及其规律。