The characteristic target-pattern regional ore zonality of the Nanling region,China(Ⅰ)

By applying the ＇theory of synchronization＇ from the science of complexity to studying the regional regularity of ore formation within the Nanling region of southern China, a characteristic targetpattern regional ore zonality has been discovered. During the early and late Yanshanian epoch （corresponding respectively to the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods）, two centers of ore formation emerged successively in the Nanling region; the former is mainly for rare metals （W, Sn, Mo, Bi, Nb） and one rare-earth element （La） and was generated in the Jurassic period; whereas the latter is mainly for base metals （Cu, Pb, Zn, Sb, Hg）, noble metals （Au, Ag）, and one radioactive element （U） and was generated in the Cretaceous period. Centers of ore formation were brought about by interface dynamics respectively at the Qitianling and Jiuyishan districts in southern Hunan province. The characteristic giant nonlinear target-pattern regional ore zonality was generated by spatio-temporal synchronization process of the Nanling complex metallogenic system. It induced the collective dynamics and cooperative behavior of the system and displayed the configuration of the regional ore zonality. Then dynamical clustering transformed the configuration into rudimentary ordered coherent structures. Phase dynamics eventually defined the spatio-temporal structures of the target-pattern regional ore zonality and determined their localization and distribution. A new methodology for revealing regional ore zonality is developed, which will encourage further investigation of the formation of deep-seated ore resources and the onset of laree-scale mineralization.

The characteristic target-pattern regional ore zonality of the Nanling region,China(Ⅱ)

By applying the ＇theory of synchronization＇ from the science of complexity to studying the regional regularity of ore formation within the Nanling region of southern China, a characteristic targetpattern regional ore zonality has been discovered. During the early and late Yanshanian epoch （corresponding respectively to the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods）, two centers of ore formation emerged successively in the Nanling region; the former is mainly for rare metals （W, Sn, Mo, Bi, Nb） and one rare-earth element （La） and was generated in the Jurassic period; whereas the latter is mainly for base metals （Cu, Pb, Zn, Sb, Hg）, noble metals （Au, Ag）, and one radioactive element （U） and was generated in the Cretaceous period. Centers of ore formation were brought about by interface dynamics respectively at the Qitianling and Jiuyishan districts in southern Hunan Province. The characteristic giant nonlinear target-pattern regional ore zonality was generated by spatio-temporal synchronization process of the Nanling complex metallogenic system. It induced the collective dynamics and cooperative behavior of the system and displayed the configuration of the regional ore zonality. Then dynamical clustering transformed the configuration into rudimentary ordered coherent structures. Phase dynamics eventually defined the spatio-temporal structures of the target-pattern regional ore zonality and determined their localization and distribution. A new methodology for revealing regional ore zonality is developed, which will encourage further investigation of the formation of deep-seated ore resources and the onset of large-scale mineralization.

ZONALITY OF DISTRIBUTION OF PHYSICO-GEOGRAPHICAL ZONES IN CHINA

With the methods of regression analysis and trend surface analysis, taking the bottom and top lines of dark conifer forest, bottom line of permafrost and the snowline of the latest glaciation in China as examples, this paper discusses the zonality regulaties of the distribution of physico-geographical zones in China. (1) Latitude zonality obeys the mathematical model of normal frequency distribution, being approximate to descending straightly within the latitude of China. (2) Longitude zonality shows that the elevation of physico-geographical zone rises straightly with the distance to east coast. (3) The combination of latitude and longitude zonalities appears a plane inclining from SSW to NNE. The decline of physico-geographical zone resembles a semiellipse- sphere inclining from the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau to northeast China, reflecting the effect of relief. (5) Physico-geographical zonation depends on the combination of hydrothermal conditions. Thus the factors influencing the distribution

The characteristic target-pattern regional ore zonality of the Nanling region,China(Ⅲ)

By applying the ＇theory of synchronization＇ from the science of complexity to studying the regional regularity of ore formation within the Nanling region of South China,a characteristic target-pattern regional ore zonality has been discovered.During the early and late Yanshanian epoch （corresponding respectively to the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods）,two centers of ore formation emerged successively in the Nanling region;the former is mainly for rare metals（W,Sn,Mo,Bi,Nb） and one rare-earth element（La） and was generated in the Jurassic period;whereas the latter is mainly for base metals （Cu,Pb,Zn,Sb,Hg）,noble metals（Au,Ag）,and one radioactive element（U） and was generated in the Cretaceous period.Centers of ore formation were brought about by interface dynamics respectively at the Qitianling and Jiuyishan districts in southern Hunan Province.The characteristic giant nonlinear target-pattern regional ore zonality was generated respectively from the two centers of ore formation by the spatio-temporal synchronization process of the Nanling complex metallogenic system.It induced the collective dynamics and cooperative behavior of the system and displayed the configuration of the regional ore zonality.Then dynamical clustering transformed the configuration into rudimentary ordered coherent structures.Phase dynamics eventually defined the spatio-temporal structures of the target-pattern regional ore zonality and determined their localization and distribution.The integral successive processes of synchronization-dynamical clustering-phase dynamics accomplished the regional ore zonality by way of ＂multiple field dynamics＂ of spatio-temporal superposition of multiple coupled pulsatory solitary wave trains of the zonal sequences of different ores.A new methodology for revealing regional ore zonality is developed,which will encourage further investigation of the formation of deep-seated ore resources and the onset of large-scale mineralization.

Chemical Vertical Zonality in Silicate Nickel Deposit in Gllavica, Republic of Kosovo

In this paper is presented chemical vertical zonality in mineral deposit nickel silicate Gllavica that is located near to the airport of Pristina. In this study were included detailed geological research of the first phase and the second pahse in deposit. According to geological exploration is presented zonality in direction of the depth of the nickel silicate deposit. Geological exploration have appeared vertical profile by zones from the surface to the depth of the deposit. The content of nickel increases nontronite zone, according to the results shown in this prospecting zone the nickel mineralization reaches higher values in the zone nontronite - serpentinite.

Seasonal Variation of the Sea Surface Temperature Growth Rate of ENSO

El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO) exhibits a distinctive phase-locking characteristic, first expressed during its onset in boreal spring, developing during summer and autumn, reaching its peak towards winter, and decaying over the next spring. Several studies have demonstrated that this feature arises as a result of seasonal variation in the growth rate of ENSO as expressed by the sea surface temperature(SST). The bias towards simulating the phase locking of ENSO by many state-of-the-art climate models is also attributed to the unrealistic depiction of the growth rate. In this study, the seasonal variation of SST growth rate in the Ni?o-3.4 region(5°S–5°N, 120°–170°W) is estimated in detail based on the mixed layer heat budget equation and recharge oscillator model during 1981–2020. It is suggested that the consideration of a variable mixed layer depth is essential to its diagnostic process. The estimated growth rate has a remarkable seasonal cycle with minimum rates occurring in spring and maximum rates evident in autumn. More specifically, the growth rate derived from the meridional advection(surface heat flux) is positive(negative) throughout the year. Vertical diffusion generally makes a negative contribution to the evolution of growth rate and the magnitude of vertical entrainment represents the smallest contributor. Analysis indicates that the zonal advective feedback is regulated by the meridional immigration of the intertropical convergence zone, which approaches its southernmost extent in February and progresses to its northernmost location in September, and dominates the seasonal variation of the SST growth rate.

Zonal activation of molecular carbon dioxide and hydrogen over dual sites Ni-Co-MgO catalyst for CO_(2) methanation:Synergistic catalysis of Ni and Co species

An in-depth mechanism in zonal activation of CO_(2)and H2molecular over dual-active sites has not been revealed yet.Here,Ni-Co-MgO was rationally constructed to elucidate the CO_(2)methanation mechanism.The abundant surface nickel and cobalt components as active sites led to strong Ni-Co interaction with charge transfer from nickel to cobalt.Notably,electron-enriched Coδ-species participated in efficient chemisorption and activation of CO_(2)to generate monodentate carbonate.Simultaneously,plentiful available Ni0sites facilitated H2dissociation,thus CO_(2)and H2were smoothly activated at zones of Coδ-species and Ni0,respectively.Detailed in situ DRIFTS,quasi situ XPS,TPSR,and DFT calculations substantiated a new formate evolution mechanism via monodentate carbonate instead of traditional bidentate carbonate based on synergistic catalysis of Coδ-species and Ni0.The zonal activation of CO_(2)and H2by tuning electron behaviors of double-center catalysts can boost heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation performance.

Linear and Non-Linear Dynamics of Inertial Waves in a Rotating Cylinder with Antiparallel Inclined Ends

This work is devoted to the experimental study of inertial wave regimes in a non-uniform rotating cylinder with antiparallel inclined ends.In this setting,the cross-section of the cylinder is divided into two regions where the fluid depth increases or decreases with radius.Three different regimes are found:inertial wave attractor,global oscillations(the cavity’s resonant modes)and regime of symmetric reflection of wave beams.In linear wave regimes,a steady single vortex elongated along the rotation axis is generated.The location of the wave’s interaction with the sloping ends determines the vortex position and the vorticity sign.In non-linear regimes several pairs of the triadic resonance subharmonics are detected simultaneously.The instability of triadic resonance is accompanied by the periodic generation of mean vortices drifting in the azimuthal direction.Moreover,the appearance frequency of the vortices is consistent with the low-frequency subharmonic of the triadic resonance.The experimental results shed light on the mechanisms of the inertial wave interaction with zonal flow and may be useful for the development of new methods of mixing.

Recent Enhancement in Co-Variability of the Western North Pacific Summer Monsoon and the Equatorial Zonal Wind

The western North Pacific summer monsoon(WNPSM)is an important subcomponent of the Asian summer monsoon.The equatorial zonal wind(EZW)in the lower troposphere over the western Pacific may play a critical role in the evolution of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO).The possible linkage between the EZW over the western Pacific and the offequatorial monsoonal winds associated with the WNPSM and its decadal changes have not yet been fully understood.Here,we find a non-stationary relationship between the WNPSM and the western Pacific EZW,significantly strengthening their correlation around the late 1980s/early 1990s.This observed shift in the WNPSM–EZW relationship could be explained by the changes in the related sea surface temperature(SST)configurations across the tropical oceans.The enhanced influence from the springtime tropical North Atlantic,summertime tropical central Pacific,and maritime continent SST anomalies may be working together in contributing to the recent intensified WNPSM–EZW co-variability.The observed recent strengthening of the WNPSM–EZW relationship may profoundly impact the climate system,including prompting more effective feedback from the WNPSM on subsequent ENSO evolution and bolstering a stronger biennial tendency of the WNPSM–ENSO coupled system.The results obtained herein imply that the WNPSM,EZW,ENSO,and the tropical North Atlantic SST may be closely linked within a unified climate system with a quasi-biennial rhythm occurring during recent decades,accompanied by a reinforcement of the WNPSM–ENSO interplay quite possibly triggered by enhanced tropical Pacific–Atlantic cross-basin interactions.These results highlight the importance of the tropical Atlantic cross-basin influences in shaping the spatial structure of WNPSM-related wind anomalies and the WNPSM–ENSO interaction.

面向汽车Zonal架构的TSN轻量级认证与授权通信框架

汽车智能化需求推动了汽车电子电气(electrical/electronic,E/E)架构向基于时间敏感网络(time-sensitive networking,TSN)的区域(Zonal)架构演进,但网联化发展给数据传输带来了严重的信息安全问题。TSN标准所提供的流过滤器、流控门和流计量器3层信息防护模块本质上是一种边界防火墙技术,一旦边界被攻破,整个架构将暴露并因此瘫痪;此外,这种防护技术因存在多层处理而产生过多的计算和通信开销。本文提出一种面向汽车Zonal架构的TSN轻量级认证与授权通信框架,以去边界的方式实现了防劫持、防篡改及防监听的一体化防护方案。基于NXP车规级TSN交换芯片SJA1105Q(作为中央控制器)与NXP车规级SoC LS1028A(作为区域控制器)构建了Zonal架构原型平台,并将所开发的框架部署该原型平台,通过ProVerif工具验证了框架的安全性;基于原型平台的评估结果表明,所提框架在计算和通信开销方面均优于现有汽车信息安全通信框架。

Analysis of Anomalous Enhancement in TEC and Electron Density in the China Region Prior to the 17 March 2015 Geomagnetic Storm Based on Ground and Space Observations

Total Electron Content(TEC)and electron density enhancement were observed on the day before 17 March 2015 great storm in the China Region.Observations from ground-and space-based instruments are used to investigate the temporal and spatial evolution of the pre-storm enhancement.TEC enhancement was observed from 24°N to 30°N after 10:00 UT at 105°E,110°E and 115°E longitudes on March 16.The maximum magnitude of TEC enhancement was more than 10 TECU and the maximal relative TEC enhancement exceeded 30%.Compared with geomagnetic quiet days,the electron density of Equatorial Ionization Anomaly(EIA)northern peak from Swarm A/C satellites on March 16 was larger and at higher latitudes.NmF2 enhanced during 11:30—21:00 UT at Shaoyang Station and increased by 200%at~16:00 UT.However,TEC and electron density enhancement were not accompanied by a significant change of hmF2.Most research has excluded some potential mechanisms as the main driving factors for storm-time density enhancements by establishing observational constraints.In this paper,we observed pre-storm enhancement in electron density at different altitudes and Equatorial Electrojet(EEJ)strength results derived from ground magnetometers observations suggest an enhanced eastward electric field from the E region probably played a significant role in this event.

Variation in concentration of dissolved silicate in the Eastern Philippine deep sea

Upper Circumpolar Deep Water(UCDW)and North Pacifi c Deep Water(NPDW)coexist in the upper deep layer(i.e.,with a 1.2-2.0-℃potential temperature range and a 2000-4100-dbar pressure range)of the Eastern Philippine Sea.They have similar properties in potential temperature and salinity,while have a signifi cant diff erence in dissolved silicate.Based on the repeated observations along a 137°E transect from the World Ocean Database(WOD18),this study revealed the interannual variability of dissolved silicate in the upper deep layer of the Eastern Philippine Sea.Dissolved silicate increased in 1995,1996,2005,2006,and 2007,and decreased in 1997,2000,2001,2002,and 2004.Composition analysis showed that the large diff erence between positive and negative dissolved silicate anomalies occurred mainly at~15°N and north of 25°N,with the concentration reaching 4.25μmol/g.Further analysis indicated that the interannual dissolved silicate variability was related to the zonal current variation in the upper deep layer.The relatively strong(weak)westward current transport increased(decreased)NPDW to the Eastern Philippine Sea,thereby resulting in increased(decreased)dissolved silicate.

Dynamic modelling and engineering simulation of fluid mechanics in water injectors

To study the fluid dynamic response mechanism under the working condition of water injection well borehole,based on the microelement analysis of fluid mechanics and the classical theory of hydrodynamics,a fluid microelement pressure-flow rate relationship model is built to derive and solve the dynamic distribution of fluid pressure and flow rate in the space of well borehole.Combined with the production data of a typical deviated well in China,numerical simulations and analyses are carried out to analyze the dynamic distribution of wellbore pressure at different injection pressures and injection volumes,the delayed and attenuated characteristics of fluid transmission in tube,and the dynamic distribution of wellbore pressure amplitude under the fluctuation of wellhead pressure.The pressure loss along the wellbore has nothing to do with the absolute pressure,and the design of the coding and decoding scheme for wave code communication doesn’t need to consider the absolute pressure during injecting.When the injection pressure is constant,the higher the injection flow rate at the wellhead,the larger the pressure loss along the wellbore.The fluid wave signal delay amplitude mainly depends on the length of the wellbore.The smaller the tubing diameter,the larger the fluid wave signal attenuation amplitude.The higher the target wave code amplitude(differential pressure identification root mean square)generated at the same well depth,the greater the wellhead pressure wave amplitude required to overcome the wellbore pressure loss.

Study of the Spatio-Temporal Variability of Rainfall in the Northern Region of Senegal

Senegal is a country of the Sahel. In this region, most of the populations live from agro-pastoral activities. The northern zone of Senegal is strongly influenced by river cultures. And the dynamics of the Senegal River are dependent on rainfall. The rainfall in the area is very closely linked to the dynamics of the atmosphere. The study of the spatio-temporal variability of rainfall in the northern region of Senegal requires quality rainfall observation data. It includes the Ferlo and the Senegal River valley, in particular the regions of Louga (department of Linguère included), Saint-Louis (departments of Dagana and Podor included) and Matam. These stations have been defined since Le Borgne (1988). The difficulty of having quality rain observation data can be resolved by using more accessible and good quality satellite data. Using satellite data, namely MSWEP, CRU, TAMSAT, ARC and PERSIANN, we showed the return of precipitation that appeared in 2000 and the unimodal cycle of precipitation in our study area. These data were validated using the correlation coefficient, the bias, the RMSE and the Nash index with observation data from the Regional Study Center for the Improvement of Adaptation to Drought (CERASS). The CRU data is then retained. Thus, this study made it possible to show the zonal distribution of rainfall in the northern zone of Senegal.

基于SHIPFLOW的某大型集装箱船阻力预报与试验验证

以势流兴波阻力理论中的Rankine源方法为计算基础,利用SHIPFLOW软件模拟了某大型集装箱船的周围流场,考虑流体粘性及自由表面影响,预报了集装箱船的船模阻力。选择三种船体网格(FM,MM,CM)进行船体表面网格划分,采用势流理论与粘流理论的分区分步计算方式(ZONAL法),将数值计算的船舶总阻力值与船模试验值进行对比。计算结果表明网格划分形式MM的计算结果最为准确,同时也验证了SHIPFLOW软件求解技术的可靠性并提高了计算效率。最后选择MM网格划分形式,基于改造母型船法,对原球艏形式进行了改型,计算结果表明:改型球艏船型较原始船型具有更好的阻力性能,达到了船型优化的目的。

Origin and Distribution of Groundwater Chemical Fields of the Oilfield in the Songliao Basin,NE China

There are many factors affecting the chemical characteristics of groundwater in the forming process of groundwater chemical fields, such as freshening due to meteoric water leaching downwards, freshening due to mudstone compaction and water release, concentration due to infiltration and freshening due to dehydration of clay minerals. As a result, the groundwater chemical fields are characterized by lengthwise stages and planar selectivity. The former arouses vertical chemical zonality of groundwater. Five units could be identified downwards in the Songliao basin： （1） freshening zone due to downward-leaching meteoric water, （2） concentration zone due to evaporation near the ground surface, （3） freshening zone due to mudstone compaction and water release, and concentration zone due to compaction and infiltration, （4） freshening zone due to dehydration of clay minerals, and （5） filtration-concentration zone; whereas the latter determines the planar division of groundwater chemical fields： （1） the freshening area due to meteoric water, asymmetrically on the margin of the basin, （2） the freshening area due to mudstone compaction and water release in the central part of the basin, （3） the leaky area, which is a transitional zone, and （4） leakage-evaporation area, which is a concentration zone. In the direction of centrifugal flows caused by mudstone compaction in the depression area, the mineralization degree, concentrations of Na^＋ and Cl^-, and salinity coefficient （SC） increase, while concentrations of （CO3^2- ＋HCO3^-） and SO4^2-, metamorphism coefficient （MC） and desulfuration coefficient （DSC） decrease. However, all these parameters increase in the direction of gravity-induced centripetal flows.

N-S EQUATION CALCULATIONS ON MULTI-ELEMENT AIRFOILS WITH ZONAL PATCHED GRIDS

For a complex flow about multi-element airfoils a mixed grid method is set up. C-type grids are produced on each element′s body and in their wakes at first, O-type grids are given in the outmost area, and H-type grids are used in middle additional areas. An algebra method is used to produce the initial grids in each area. And the girds are optimized by elliptical differential equation method. Then C-O-H zonal patched grids around multi-element airfoils are produced automatically and efficiently. A time accurate finite-volume integration method is used to solve the compressible laminar and turbulent Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations on the grids. Computational results prove the method to be effective.

Analysis of Gardening Based on the Unique Zonal Water System of Slender West Lake

Yangzhou Slender West Lake is narrow in shape. It is 4.3 km in total length with the width of about 100 m. It is a typical zonal water system. Through the research of its spatial structure, space sequence and view borrowing the garden bridges of Yangzhou Slender West Lake, the unique gardening method of zonal water system was expatiated.

Carbon isotope variations of modern soils in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and their controlling factors

The marginal areas of the Tibetan Plateau have great vertical altitude gradient and abundant vegetation, they are therefore the ideal places for investigating the relationships among carbon isotope composition(δ^(13)C) of modern soils, vegetation and environmental factors, which would be very useful for the reconstructions of both paleovegetation and paleoclimate. In this paper, modern soil samples collected in different vegetation vertical zones along 4km elevation gradient in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau were analyzed for their carbon isotope composition. The results show that the modern soils in different vegetation vertical zones show apparent difference of δ^(13)C values, which get heavier in the sequence of mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest(-27.28‰ on average), evergreen broad-leaved forest(-27.25‰), subalpine shrub-meadow(-25.81‰), subalpine coniferous forest(-25.81‰), alpine bush-meadow(-25.16‰), and drought-enduring shrub(-24.07‰). 1800 m and 3500 m are two critical points for the δ^(13)C values with respect to altitude. Specifically, the δ^(13)C values decrease with increasing altitude below both points while increasing with increasing altitude above both points. Further analyses indicate that the declining δ^(13)C values are mainly controlled by the decreasing proportion of C4 plants with elevation and the increasing δ^(13)C values are attributed to the plant physic-morphological adaptation to the alpine environment. In the absence of drought stress, temperature is the main controlling factor for the carbon isotopic variations with altitude gradient.

复多元正态总体球性检验似然比准则的精确分布

讨论了r个复多元正态总体中检验假设H :μ1=μ2 =… =μr=μ0 ;Σ1 =Σ2 =… =Σr=σ2 I的检验问题 。