大麦虫营养成分分析

该研究采用现代分析技术手段对大麦虫各虫态营养成分进行分析,结果表明:大麦虫蛹水分含量远高于幼虫、成虫,幼虫粗脂肪含量远高于蛹、成虫,大麦虫各虫态粗蛋白质含量均很高,各虫态间粗蛋白含量差异显著;大麦虫脂肪中所含脂肪酸种类丰富,含有3种必需脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸和必需脂肪酸含量丰富,各虫态均高于60%和20%,特别是油酸和亚油酸含量较高;氨基酸含量丰富,含7种必需氨基酸,含硫氨基酸(蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸)为其第一限制氨基酸,幼虫、雌蛹、雄蛹、雌成虫、雄成虫的必需氨基酸分别占总氨基酸含量的43.59%、44.90%、44.68%、42.53%、42.27%,均超过FAO/WHO推荐蛋白模式。

Cardioactive properties of Solanaceae plant extracts and pure glycoalkaloids on Zophobas atratus

Glycoalkaloids, the biologically active secondary metabolites produced by Solanaceae plants, are natural defenses against animals, insects and fungi. In this paper, the effects of glycoalkaloids present in extracts of Solanaceae plants （potato, tomato and black nightshade） or pure commercial glycoalkaloids on the coleopteran Zophobas atratus E were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo bioassays using heart experimental models. Each tested extract induced a dose-dependent cardioinhibitory effect. The perfusion of Zophobas atratus semi-isolated heart using the highest potato and tomato extract concentration （1 mmol/L） caused irreversible cardiac arrests, while extract from black nightshade pro- duced fast but reversible arrests. Pure commercial glycoalkaloids caused similar but less evident effects compared with extracts. Our results showed that the bioactivity of tested compounds depended on their structure and suggested the existence of synergistic interac- tions when combinations of the main glycoalkaloids of potato and black nightshade were used for trials. Surprisingly, injection of tomato and potato extracts in 1-day-old pupae of Zophobas atratus induced reversible positive chronotropic effects and decreased the duration of the both phases （anterograde and retrograde） of the heart contractile activity. Furthermore, these extracts affected the amplitude of the heart contractions.

饲喂塑料对4种昆虫幼虫生长与肠道微生物的影响

塑料污染是全球最关注的环境问题之一,目前利用昆虫肠道微生物降解塑料是解决塑料污染的新举措,昆虫肠道微生物菌群在塑料降解过程中起重要作用,但对昆虫取食塑料后肠道中微生物群落的组成和动态还缺乏了解。【目的】探究取食塑料对4种昆虫幼虫生理指标以及肠道微生物的组成和动态的影响。【方法】将聚苯乙烯塑料泡沫(polystyrene,PS)、聚乙烯塑料(polyethylene,PE)和麦麸(对照)作为唯一碳源分别饲喂大麦虫、黄粉虫、黑粉虫和大蜡螟,采用荧光原位杂交技术对4种幼虫肠道微生物菌群进行动态监测,并比较了它们的生理指标和肠道菌群的关联。【结果】四种昆虫在取食PS和PE后,体重和体长的增长幅度都显著低于麦麸对照组;取食PS的黄粉虫和大麦虫的存活率比取食PE的分别高25.33%和11.75%;4种昆虫肠道中微生物优势细菌菌群为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,丰度16.98%–54.93%)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)中的β-变形菌纲(Betaproteobacteria,丰度5.91%–39.34%)和γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria,丰度4.62%–30.86%)以及古菌(Euryarchaeota,丰度9.99%–58.05%)【结论】除厚壁菌门和变形菌门外,古菌也是啮食PE和PS的大麦虫、黄粉虫、黑粉虫和大蜡螟幼虫肠道中的主要菌群。昆虫肠道中主要微生物菌群的丰度随时间呈动态变化,并受塑料类型以及昆虫种类的影响。大麦虫和黄粉虫的体重和体长与肠道微生物菌群显著相关。

大麦虫的营养成分分析与评价

大麦虫（ZophobasafratusFab．），属昆虫纲（Insecta），鞘翅目（Coleoptera），拟步甲科（Tenebrionidae），拟步甲族（Tenebrionini），主要分布于中美洲、南美洲、西印度群岛以及拉丁美洲等地区，又称超级面包虫、超级麦皮虫等，英文名Super-worm。大麦虫是经由东南亚国家引进的新型蛋白源昆虫，我国已经有一定的养殖规模，目前主要用于活体饵料，也有人食用。本研究分析大麦虫的幼虫及蛹和成虫的两性个体的营养成分，为其开发提供科学依据。