虎杖研究进展及质量标志物预测

虎杖是我国常用的大宗中药材,资源丰富且分布较广,具有广阔的开发利用前景。虎杖中化学成分类型丰富,包括二苯乙烯、醌、黄酮等类化合物,虎杖的药理作用主要体现在抗炎、抗氧化、抗病毒、抗菌、抗癌、肝保护、心血管保护、免疫调节等方面。在对其化学成分、药理作用综述的基础上,根据中药质量标志物(Q-marker)理论,从生源途径、化学成分有效性、化学成分可测性及不同配伍环境几方面对虎杖Q-marker进行预测分析,为明确虎杖的Q-marker和制定科学的质量标准提供参考。

三种中草药及配伍药提取物体外抗氧化部位筛选

传统的抗癌药物多为化学药容易发生癌细胞耐药现象且副作用多,为了寻找新的抗癌药源,并探究中草药配伍能否提高原有活性,本试验选用中药材山慈菇Cremastra appendicutata(D.Don)Makino、藤梨根Actinidia arguta(Sieb.&Zucc)Planch.ex Miq、两头尖Anemone raddeana Regel,对其95%乙醇单体提取物及配伍提取物用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、水萃取部分用DPPH法进行体外抗氧化活性部位筛选及抗氧化活性分析,结果发现三种中药材的乙酸乙酯层和正丁醇层提取物抗氧化活性明显高于其他层提取物,并且配伍后的中草药提取物抗氧化活性明显高于单一药材提取物。

青木香(Aristolochia debillis Sieb. et Zucc.)的抗菌活性(英文)

通过琼脂平板扩散试验和双倍稀释试验,对青木香(Aristolochia debillis Sieb. et Zucc.)的石油醚提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物和甲醇提取物进行了抗细菌和抗真菌作用的研究,在三种提取物中,只有甲醇提取物对试验的所有革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌都表现出显著的抗菌作用,乙酸乙酯提取物只对测试的部分细菌显示出抗菌作用,石油醚提取物不具有抗菌活性.甲醇提取物比乙酸乙酯提取物具有更强的抗菌作用和更广的抗菌谱.三种提取物对所有试验的真菌都没有显示出抗菌作用.

一测多评法测定虎杖药材中6种成分的含量

目的建立一测多评法测定虎杖药材中6种成分的分析方法,并对其进行方法学考察,验证该方法的可行性与准确性。方法以大黄素为内参物,分别建立虎杖苷、白藜芦醇、大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、大黄素甲醚-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、大黄素甲醚的相对校正因子,计算其他5种成分的含量,用该方法测定不同产地虎杖药材中6种成分含量,同时利用外标法测定各成分含量,测得的结果与外标法测定值进行比较。结果9批不同产地的虎杖中6种有效成分采用一测多评法测得的结果与外标法测定值之间不存在显著性差异,6种成分在测定范围内呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率为98.1%~101.4%,RSD为1.0%~2.3%。结论一测多评法简单快捷,可用于测定虎杖药材中6种成分的含量,可为虎杖药材的质量控制及提取工艺的评价提供参考。

青木香(Aristolochia debillis Sieb.et Zucc.)的消炎和镇痛活性(英文)

目的:检测青木香(AristolochiadebillisSieb.etZucc.)的块根水提取液的消炎和镇痛效果及毒性。方法:用蛋清诱导法、热板法和扭体法。结果:青木香的块根水提取液无毒性,1000mg/kg,i.g.的青木香块根水提取液比生理盐水的消炎和镇痛效果明显,比200mg/kg,i.g.乙酰水杨酸的消炎效果好,2000mg/kg,i.g.的青木香块根水提取液比乙酰水杨酸的消炎效果更加显著。结论:青木香具有较好消炎和镇痛活性,无毒性。

野生大豆(Glycine soja Sieb.et Zucc.)叶柄维管束分化观察

对野生大豆(Glycine sojaS ieb.et Zucc.)叶柄维管束分化过程进行了观察.结果表明,野生大豆从茎中分出的3个叶迹,在叶柄基部先愈合成维管柱,然后再分开进入叶柄;叶柄维管束在分出3小叶之前,再发生不同程度愈合,形成圆形维管柱进入2个侧小叶柄;剩余的维管束再分离进入中间小叶柄.同样,中间小叶柄维管束在进入叶片之前也要愈合成维管柱后,才逐渐进入叶片,形成叶脉.

牡荆水提物对蓖麻油腹泻小鼠的治疗作用研究

[目的]研究牡荆水提物对蓖麻油致小鼠腹泻的治疗作用,评价牡荆提取物的抗腹泻功效,为开发新型天然药物或植物提取物饲料添加剂提供理论依据。[方法]选取48只18~22 g SPF级昆明小鼠,随机分为6组:对照组、模型组、洛哌丁胺组及牡荆水提物高、中、低剂量组,每组8只,雌雄各半。牡荆水提物高、中、低剂量组小鼠灌胃16、8、4 g/kg BW牡荆水提物,对照组和模型组小鼠灌胃等剂量的生理盐水,洛哌丁胺组小鼠灌胃5 mg/kg BW洛哌丁胺,连续灌胃5 d。第5天给药后0.5 h,模型组、洛哌丁胺组及牡荆水提物高、中、低剂量组小鼠灌胃0.5 mL蓖麻油灌胃造模,对照组灌胃等量生理盐水。造模后的小鼠单笼单只饲喂。连续4 h观察小鼠腹泻情况,4 h后小鼠采血并断颈处死,每组随机取4只小鼠的肝脏、小肠各两份,一份制作组织切片;另一份用以提取RNA,检测空肠通道蛋白和肝脏急性期蛋白mRNA表达情况。[结果]模型组小鼠腹泻评分和腹泻指数均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),说明蓖麻油腹泻模型造模成功。与模型组相比,洛哌丁胺组和牡荆水提物高剂量组小鼠腹泻评分和腹泻指数均极显著或显著降低(P<0.01;P<0.05);牡荆水提物高剂量组小鼠血清中白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、IL-6、IL-10含量均显著或极显著降低(P<0.05;P<0.01)。肝脏组织病理结果显示,牡荆水提物高、中、低剂量组小鼠肝索结构清晰,肝细胞排列紧密,仅少量肝细胞轻度肿胀,并伴少量炎性细胞浸润。肠道组织病理结果显示,牡荆水提物高、中、低剂量组小鼠空肠黏膜层、肌层、浆膜层均清晰可见,黏膜层绒毛上皮内见大量空泡,但均未见明显坏死或炎症反应。与模型组相比,牡荆水提物高剂量组小鼠空肠中NHE8、NHE3、AQP3、AQP4表达量均无显著差异(P>0.05),NHE2表达量显著降低(P<0.05),急性期蛋白TRF和CRP表达量均显著降低(P<0.05)。[结论]牡荆水提物对蓖麻油导致的小鼠腹泻模型具有较好的治疗作用,对肝脏和小肠黏膜具有一定的保护作用,作用机制可能与其降低血清中IL-6、IL-10含量,以及在一定程度上降低NHE2表达、抑制TRF和CRP的表达有关。

川楝子中三萜类化学成分的研究

目的研究川楝果实的三萜类化学成分。方法运用硅胶柱色谱和十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶(ODS)反相柱色谱对川楝子的乙酸乙酯萃取部位进行分离纯化,通过理化方法和波谱数据分析鉴定化合物结构。结果从川楝子中分离并鉴定了5种化学成分,分别为(21S,23R,24R)-21,23-epoxy-21,24-dihydroxy-25-methoxytirucall-7-en-3-one(化合物1),Cinamodiol,Meliasenin G,21R,23R-epoxy-21α-ethoxy-24S,25-dihydroxy-apotirucall-7-en-3-one,Toosendine E。结论得到的化合物均为甘遂烷型的三萜类化合物,其中化合物1为首次从川楝果实中分离得到。

野大豆(Glycine soja Sieb.et Zucc.)一新变种

命名发表了野大豆一新变种,即闭花野大豆Glycine soja Sieb.et Zucc.var.cleistogama C.S.Zhu et S.X.Zhu。

不同激素处理对软枣猕猴桃扦插效果的影响

为了探索科学高效的软枣猕猴桃扦插育苗技术,研究了IAA、IBA和NAA三种生长激素及浓度处理对其扦插生根效果的影响。结果表明:三种激素对生根率、根系生长和新枝生长均有显著地促进作用,其中以IAA激素的增效作用最好。不同浓度处理中,以200 mg/L IAA处理的生根率最大为86.67%,侧根数量最大为13.8个,根系质量最优,根长和根粗分别为18.60 cm和1.83 mm,新枝生长最好,新枝长度为5.82 cm,芽眼数为11.0个。不同激素及浓度处理间软枣猕猴桃扦插的生根率、侧根数、根长、根粗、新枝长和芽眼数等生长指标均存在显著性差异。综上分析,寒地软枣猕猴桃扦插育苗中,200 mg/L IAA为最适宜激素处理,生根效果最优。

外源硫酸锌对修剪后水蜡生长和生理特性的影响

在城市园林环境下,设置5个处理,研究不同硫酸锌浓度对修剪后水蜡新梢生长和生理特性的影响规律。结果表明,叶面喷施硫酸锌与对照相比促进了修剪后水蜡的新梢生长,并提高了其叶绿素含量。在整个试验期间,硫酸锌浓度为0.45%~0.60%时,水蜡新梢长度均显著高于对照;硫酸锌浓度为0.45%时,水蜡叶绿素含量均显著高于对照;NR活性和色氨酸合成酶活性在6月至8月随硫酸锌浓度的增加而升高,在9月随硫酸锌浓度的增加先升高后降低,硫酸锌浓度为0.45%时达到最高。水蜡的GS活性和GOT活性在6月至7月随硫酸锌浓度的增加而升高,在8月至9月随硫酸锌浓度的增加先升高后降低,硫酸锌浓度为0.45%时达到最高。综合分析认为,0.45%是硫酸锌促进水蜡修剪后新梢生长和生理特性改善的适宜浓度。

红松果材兼用林苗木培育技术应用分析

红松作为长周期树种,其培育期限长,成本高,在科学经营、合理培育下可以使三大效益得到充分发挥。红松果材兼用林苗木培育的重点是做好种苗基地建设,利用大苗移栽培育果材兼用林及对红松中幼龄林改造技术,可以提高红松人工林单位面积木材产量和球果结实量,获取更大的经济效益和生态效益。通过对红松果材兼用林苗木的苗圃建立、土壤管理、移植育苗和灾害防治等8个方面阐述和总结,以期为相关林农进行苗木培育提供技术参考。

Antifungal ellagitannin isolated from Euphorbia antisyphilitica Zucc

Objective:To study antifungal activity of a new ellagitannin isolated from the plant residues of Euphorbia antisyphilitica(E.antisyphilitica)Zucc in the wax extraction process.Methods:An extract was prepared from dehydrated and pulverized residues and fractionated by liquid chromatography on Amberilte XAD-16,until obtained an ellagitannin-rich ethanolic fraction which was treated by rotaevaporation to recover the ellagitannin as fine powder.An aqueous solution was prepared and treated through ionic exchange liquid chromatography(Q XL)and gel permeation chromatography(G 25).The ellagitannin-rich fraction was thermogravimetrically evaluated(TGA and DTA)to test the thermo-stability of ellagic acid(monomeric unit).Then ellagitannin powder was analyzed by infrared spectrospcopy to determinate the functional groups and.also mass spectroscopy was used to determine the molecular ion.Results:The principal functional groups of ellagitannin were determined,the molecular weight was 860.7 g/mol;and an effective antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi was demonstrated.Conclusions:It can be concluded that the new ellagitannin(860.7 g/mol)isolated from E.antisyphilitica Zucc is an effective antifungal agent against Alternaria alternata,Fusarium oxyzporum,Colletotrichum gloeosporoides and Rhizoctnia solani.

Structure Investigation of a New Alkaloid from Zanthoxylum Schinifolium Sieb et Zucc

There are more than 250 kinds of Zanthoxylum plants in the world, of which about 40 species grow in China. In last 30 years, nearly 80 kinds of the plants have been studicd intensively and the results show that they are of different chemical compositions and various physiological actions, such as having anthelmintic action, bacteriostasis,

Microscopic Identification of Zhuang Medicine Laportea bulbifera(Sieb. et Zucc.) Wedd.

[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the microscopic identification characteristics of Laportea bulbifera(Sieb. et Zucc.) Wedd. [Methods] The characteristics of L. bulbifera leaf, stem and powder were identified by microscopy. [Results] The main microscopic identification characteristics of the tissue structures of L. bulbifera leaf and stem at different positions and L. bulbifera powder were determined. [Conclusions] The microscopic identification results are characteristic, and could serve as the identification basis of L. bulbifera. These results could provide references for the quality control of L. bulbifera.

Pinus bungeana Zucc.ex Enal

Lacebark pine （Pinus bungeana）, an evergreen conifer species native to China, is noted for its graceful profile. It has a height up to 30 m. Bark on young trees smooth, dull grey, scaling off in small patches like a plane tree, changing to chalky-white on old trunks, by which the species can be recognized from a long distance.

Optimization of extraction and determination of emodin from Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. products by HPLC-DAD

A uniform experimental design procedure was used to investigate the effects of some operating parameters on the extraction of emodin from Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. products. Variables tested were volume ratio of material to solvent, size of material, extraction time and temperature and composition of extraction solvent (mixtures of acetone-water). Each variable was tested at seven levels; 7 experiments were performed in random order. Analyses of the extracts were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection(HPLC-DAD). Analytical responses were processed by using a forward regression analysis, in order to find polynomial function describing the relationship between variables and responses. For all the analytes the experimental conditions for providing the highest extraction yield inside the experimental domain considered were found. Finally, a simple, rapid and accurate analytical method was developed for the determination of emodin by high performance liquid chromatography. The separation is achieved within 25 min on an ODS column using methanol and water as gradient mobiles. Emodin can be quantified by using external standard method detecting at 436 nm. Good linearity is obtained with correlation coefficient exceeding 0.9986 and the detection limit and the quantification limit are 1.53 and 3.23 mg/L respectively. This method shows good reproducibility for the quantification of the emodin with intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviation less than 2.3% and 5.6% respectively. Under optimized extraction conditions, the recovery of the standard is 96.5%. The validated method is successfully applied to quantify the emodin in seven Polygonum cuspidatum sieb. Et zucc. products, which provided an idea for the pre-treatment of determination of active compounds in traditional Chinese medicines.

Orthogonal Test Optimization of Extraction Technology of Total Fla-vonoids from Fruits and Leaves of Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc. and Its in Vitro Anti-oxidation Activity

[Objectives]To optimize the extraction technology of total flavonoids component,and investigate its in vitro anti-oxidation activity.[Methods]The single factor was inspected firstly. By orthogonal experiment,the best extraction conditions of total flavonoids from fruits and leaves of P. mume Sieb. et Zucc. were determined,and reducing ability of the extracted total flavonoids and its DPPH and ABTS scavenging abilities were explored. [Results] The best extraction technology conditions: solid-liquid ratio of 1∶ 50,ethanol concentration of 50%,extraction time of 2. 5 h,extraction temperature of 85 ℃,two-time extraction. By detecting DPPH and ABTS scavenging abilities of total flavonoids,the anti-oxidation activity of the total flavonoids from fruits and leaves of P. mume Sieb. et Zucc. was analyzed and evaluated. [Conclusions]Fruits and leaves of P. mume Sieb. et Zucc. had a certain in vitro anti-oxidation activity,and heat reflux extraction method of its total flavonoids had high extraction rate and simple and convenient operation,which had some practical value.

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE PHENOLOGY OF TAXUS CUSPIDATA SIEB.ET ZUCC.

In this paper, the phenomena of the life cycle of Taxus cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc., such as germination, leafing, flowing seed mature,new shoot growth etc. were observed and measured. As a result, the phenological regularity of Taxus cuspidata was found initially. At the same time,according to its five-day mean increment and height growth curve, the growing process of new shoot of Taxus cupidata was divided into three periods:slow period peak period and decline period. The paper supplied scientific data for the introduction of the rare and imininent variety, domestication,cultivating, expoiting, utilizing and protecting of Taxus cuspdata.

DETERMINATION OF POLYDATIN IN POLYGONUM CUSPIDTUM SIEB. ET ZUCC. BY TLC-FLUORESCENCE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

Objective A method of TLC-fluorescence spectrophotometry was established to assay the content of polydatin in polygonum cuspidatum sieb. et zucc. Methods: Polydatin was extracted by methanol and separated with chloroform-acetone-formic acid-water (4∶4∶0.5∶0.2) by thin layer chromatography. The excitation wavelength and emission wavelength were 284 nm and 384 nm, respectively. Results The linear regression equation of the calibration graph was y=7.02179x+4.5143, a linear regression correlative coefficient r=0.9936. Conclusion This method was proved simple, stable and sensitive. It can be used in quality control of herbs.