Study the Effect of Different Levels of Zucchini (<i>Cucurbita pepo</i>L.) on the Biological Indicators for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Rats Fed High-Fat Diets

The effects of fresh zucchini on nutritional status, and biological indicators for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in rats fed high-fat diets investigated in this study. Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into two main groups the first, negative control group Co (-) (n = 6), fed basal diet, The second group (n = 24) fed high-fat diet (containing basal diet + 5% tallow + 1% cholesterol + 0.02% bile salt). This group was divided into four subgroups each group 6 rats: group positive control co (+) fed high-fat diet only, group 1 (G (1)) fed high-fat diet plus 10% zucchini, group 2 (G (2) fed high-fat diet plus 15% zucchini and group 3 (G (3)) fed high-fat diet plus 20% zucchini. The levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured after eight wk. of experimental treatment. The pathologic changes of the heart, spleen and kidney were evaluated. SPSS, one way ANOVA was used to analyze the results. The results indicated that the mean values of body weight gain (BWG) and feed efficiency ratio (FIR) in G (2) and G (3) showed significant decrease compared to co (-), co (+) and G 1. The results showed that in groups (G1, G2 and G3) the relative weight of heart had significant increase when compared with control negative group. But liver and spleen weight had no significant difference when compared with control negative and positive group, the levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were significantly increased in co (+) (P < 0.05) Compared to co (-), all groups fed on high fat diet containing different levels of zucchini (10%, 15% and 20%) had significant decrease in TC and LDL-C compared with co (+), also G2 and G3 had improve significant in HDL-C when compared with co. (+). The groups fed on zucchini give results similar to group co. (-). The best treatment was zucchini (15% and 20%) which had lowest values of total lipid cholesterol and LDL-C, and the best values of HDL-C, HDL-C/TC % for all groups fed on high fat diet and zucchini increased non significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the HDL-C/TC % index compared to group co. (+). while, G2 and G3 gave significant decrease in LDL-C/HDL-C ratio compared to group co. (+). Morphologic changes of heart, spleen and kidney revealed that groups G2 and G3 had a similar preventive effect against CHD in this experimental model. In conclusion, results showed that zucchini had similar potential to attenuate CHD-related parameters in a mild oxidative stress induced by high-fat diet in rats.

西葫芦嫩瓜皮叶绿素合成代谢与其皮色形成的关联性研究

为了挖掘优异西葫芦(Cucurbita pepo L.)种质资源,提高外观品质优的嫩瓜选择效率,本研究利用色差仪对本单位创制的54份西葫芦自交系进行不同嫩瓜皮色分类,并以其中7份(重点4份)代表性材料为研究对象,对西葫芦嫩瓜皮叶绿素合成代谢与其皮色形成的关联性进行分析。结果表明,叶绿素是决定偏白色、浅绿色、翠(青)绿色、绿色和深绿色西葫芦嫩瓜皮色的主要色素。其中,叶绿素a含量占总含量的49.20%~60.58%,是决定嫩瓜皮色深浅的主要因素。颜色最鲜艳且更加偏绿色的翠(青)绿色嫩瓜皮材料,其色度值(C)显著大于其他皮色,而叶绿素a/叶绿素b和红绿值(a*)分别显著大于和小于偏白色、浅绿色和深绿色皮色。深绿色、翠(青)绿色和偏白色嫩瓜皮叶绿素合成存在胆色素原转化为尿卟啉原Ⅲ和粪卟啉原Ⅲ转化为原卟啉IX两个受阻点,且后一转换阶段是导致偏白色和翠(青)绿色嫩瓜皮叶绿素合成受阻、叶绿素含量骤降的主要原因。叶绿素合成减弱与叶绿素代谢中的叶绿素酶降解活性增强以及抗氧化酶中的超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性减弱之间呈显著相关,这也证明了嫩瓜皮偏白色的成因。超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性与嫩瓜皮叶绿素含量呈显著相关,这两种酶延缓了翠(青)绿色和深绿色嫩瓜皮叶绿素含量降低速率。本研究结果为深入解析不同嫩瓜皮色,特别是翠(青)绿色嫩瓜皮呈色机理以及挖掘、利用相关优异特异资源提供了理论依据和技术支撑。

西葫芦对土壤持久性有机氯化物污染的指示性研究

西葫芦(Cucurbita pepo L.)对土壤中持久性有机氯化物的超强吸收能力已被证实,意味其具有指示区域土壤持久性有机氯化物污染状况的潜能。本研究采用农田小区试验,考察了西葫芦不同组织器官(根、过渡茎、茎、叶和果实)在6个生长期对有机氯化物的累积吸收行为;采用同位素稀释高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱法,分析了种植土壤及西葫芦各组织器官中的21种有机氯农药(OCPs)和18种多氯联苯(PCBs)。结果表明,西葫芦可将根吸收的OCPs和PCBs传递到过渡茎和茎。不同生长期采集的西葫芦根、过渡茎和茎中的OCPs和PCBs浓度基本稳定,无明显生物稀释效应,且此3个组织器官中OCPs和PCBs的分布模式与土壤中的分布模式基本一致。因此,可以用西葫芦根和茎中持久性有机氯化物的浓度指示土壤中持久性有机氯化物的污染水平,根和茎的采样时间可以不受西葫芦生长期的限制。

金瓜和白瓜花叶病毒病病原的初步鉴定

崇明是上海出口蔬菜生产基地之一,也是国家级的绿色食品园区之一,具有生产绿色蔬菜商品的生态环境和资源优势.

矮蔓西葫芦新品种“农园1号”的选育

＂农园1号＂是以自交系518-2-1为母本,54-1-4为父本配制而成的矮蔓西葫芦一代杂交种。该品种植株生长势强、早熟性好、植株矮生;播种后35d开始采收250g左右的商品嫩瓜。第一雌花节位6~7节,雌花多,成瓜率高,瓜为淡绿色的圆球形,光泽度好,商品性极佳,属高档型特色西葫芦品种。抗病毒病。早春露地地膜覆盖高垄栽培产量为4 000~6 000kg/667m2。

辽宁省义县西葫芦“死秧”致病病原菌的鉴定

为了确定引起辽宁义县西葫芦(Cucurbita pepo L.ssp.pepo)“死秧”问题的致病菌,试验搜集病区5个试点发病西葫芦植株进行病原菌分离、纯化、回接鉴定,结合病菌形态学特征及rDNA-ITS、EF基因的序列分析,确定致病菌为茄病镰刀菌瓜类专化型(Fusarium solani f.sp.Cucurbitae)。比较ITS、EF序列分析结果,EF序列测序可获得与NCBI中已有序列同源性更高的菌种信息,相似度达100%。专化型验证试验结果表明,只有瓜类蔬菜作物西葫芦、黄瓜、甜瓜、西瓜、瓠瓜、南瓜不同程度发病,非瓜类作物番茄、辣椒、菜豆、茄子均未发病,进一步证明引起辽宁义县西葫芦“死秧”问题的致病菌为茄病镰刀菌瓜类专化型。