Impact of community public health care on treatment effect,health cognition,and self-management in patients with type 2 diabetes

BACKGROUND At present,China has become the country with the largest number of individuals with diabetes mellitus(DM)in the world,with a total of approximately 140 million patients,the majority of whom have type 2 DM(T2DM).Based on conven-tional nursing methods,community home care has important clinical significance in controlling blood sugar and disease progression.AIM To explore the impact of community public health nursing on treatment effect,health cognition,and self-management in patients with T2DM.METHODS One hundred patients with T2DM were selected as the research subjects.The patients were divided into either a conventional nursing group or community nursing(CN)group using the random number table method.The conventional nursing group(50 cases)received routine care,while the CN group(50 cases)received community public health care in addition to routine care as that for the conventional nursing group.The rate of excellent and good blood glucose control,fasting blood glucose before and after care,2-h postprandial blood glucose,health cognition,and self-management ability,and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The CN group had a higher rate of excellent blood sugar control than the conventional nursing group(88%vs 70%,P<0.05).Before care,there was no significant difference in fasting blood glucose or 2-h postprandial blood glucose between the two groups of patients(P>0.05).After nursing,fasting blood glucose and 2-h postprandial blood glucose were reduced to varying degrees in both groups,and both blood glucose levels in the CN group were lower than those of the conventional nursing group(P<0.05).Compared with the scores before care,the cognitive level score for diabetes and self-management ability score improved after care in both groups.The cognitive level and self-management ability of patients in the CN group were higher than those of the conventional nursing group(P<0.05).The overall satisfaction of the CN group was better than that of the conventional nursing group(98%vs 86%,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Community public health care based on conventional care of T2DM can achieve better blood sugar control,and improve patients’health cognitive level and self-management ability.

Exploring Global Demands for Integrating Social Aspects into Community Healthcare: A Literature Review

Aging and crises like pandemics and climate change are global concerns that affect community environments. These social and natural changes influence people’s health worldwide. Aging impacts human health, including physical and mental aspects, and increases the need for care. Recent crises have affected not only the elderly but also younger populations, necessitating further efforts to develop a systematic community strategy. The goal of such a strategy is to maintain or enhance people’s well-being. As we face aging and crises like pandemics and climate change, it becomes essential to consider health holistically and globally, taking into account the community environment and social determinants without boundaries. The present study aimed to explore the necessary aspects of incorporating social determinants into clinical practice, enabling healthcare providers to view health from a holistic and planetary perspective. This approach facilitates the development of integrated community strategies. The study reviewed literature from PubMed, MEDLINE, and CINAHL databases, focusing on medicine, health, and welfare. An electronic search for English-language articles in peer-reviewed journals was conducted up to July 2024, using search terms such as “holistic health,” “planetary health,” and “social determinants.” Eight articles were identified through the search. After excluding three based on their titles, abstracts, and full texts, five articles were selected. The research focused on three areas: perceiving health in ecosystems, considering health-related policy in clinical situations, and addressing health in primary care settings. This study emphasizes the need for further research on innovative, integrated community strategies in the context of a globally aging society, focusing on non-medical aspects like pandemics, climate change, and social determinants to achieve a holistic and planetary understanding of people’s health. It suggests that understanding the social aspects of ecosystems in clinical settings, through interdisciplinary collaboration, is crucial for developing systematic community strategies for people’s well-being life in medical, health, and welfare contexts.

Artificial Intelligence for Global Health: Difficulties and Challenges: A Narrative Review

Global health (GH) aims to improve healthcare for all people on the planet and eradicate all avoidable diseases and deaths. The inception of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is innovating healthcare practices and improving patient outcomes by shuffling enormous volumes of health data—from health records and clinical studies to genetic information analyzing it much faster than humans. AI also helps in the improvement of medical imaging and medical diagnosis. There is an increased optimism regarding the use of applications of AI locally but can these facets be translated globally in the advancement and delivery of healthcare with the help of AI. At present majority of AI developments and applications in health care provide to the needs of developed countries and there is little effort to develop programs which could help to improve healthcare delivery globally. We performed this narrative review to assess the difficulties and discrepancies in implementing AI in global health delivery and find ways to improve.

A Community of Shared Security for Mankind:China's Vision and Practice in Global Security Governance

A community of shared security for mankind is a landmark concept developed by China in the process of shaping its global security vision in the new era,and a concrete embodiment of the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind in the field of security.The object of a community of shared security for mankind refers to humanity as collective entities,with the core principle of the indivisibility of global security as its foundation,and the community of coexistence and mutual survival as its security framework.Its essence lies in exploring ways for humanity to adapt to and harmoniously coexist in the real world.This concept arises from significant changes in human security circumstances and reflects China's increasingly prominent influence on the global stage in the new era.It is rooted in a combination of Marxist principles and traditional Chinese security thoughts.This new approach to global security governance helps break free from the constraints of Western security concepts and ideological biases.China's efforts to translate the concept of a community of shared security for mankind into concrete practice are reflected in four aspects:creating a realistic template for the construction of a community of shared security for mankind in bilateral and regional security communities;cultivating a global consensus on the concept of a community of shared security for mankind by coordinating and promoting the construction of security mechanisms in emerging fields;fulfilling special responsibilities of a major country in constructing a community of shared security for mankind through promoting security cooperation and interaction among countries;and seeking a long-term goal of sustainable development and security for all humankind by jointly promoting common development and security.

The Interventional Capacity of Community Health Volunteers for Screening and Linkages of Non-Communicable Diseases in Nyeri County, Kenya

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for 63% of mortalities. Approximately 80% of these NCD-related deaths occur in LMICs. A quasi-experimental study utilizing a non-equivalent pre-and post-test was conducted from May 2022 to March 2023 with 370 study participants. Multistage cluster and random sampling were used to select ten community units, and therefore, 150 CHVs were chosen for the control unit, and 150 were used to form the interventional group. Data was collected from the KOBO app. Six (6) homogenous FGDs comprised ten members, and 10 KII were conducted across study sites. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 28.0, and qualitative data was audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed via N-Vivo 12. The study shows that 59.3% of respondents have minimal information, and 92.7% (n = 139) have no clear understanding of NCDs, with a pre-intervention capacity of 48.8%. Independent sample t-test showed a significant difference in capacity from a pre-intervention average of 48.75 (SD ± 5.7)%, which increased to 68.28 (SD ± 7.6)%, p < 0.001. A well-designed community interventional model plays a pivotal role in grassroots healthcare delivery but requires optimization for NCD management.

Beyond statistical significance:Embracing minimal clinically important difference for better patient care

The minimal clinically important difference(MCID)represents a pivotal metric in bridging the gap between statistical significance and clinical relevance,addressing the direct impact of medical interventions from the patient's perspective.This comprehensive review analyzes the evolution,applications,and challenges of MCID across medical specialties,emphasizing its necessity in ensuring that clinical outcomes not only demonstrate statistical significance but also offer genuine clinical utility that aligns with patient expectations and needs.We discuss the evolution of MCID since its inception in the 1980s,its current applications across various medical specialties,and the methodologies used in its calculation,highlighting both anchor-based and distribution-based approaches.Furthermore,the paper delves into the challenges associated with the application of MCID,such as methodological variability and the interpretation difficulties that arise in clinical settings.Recommendations for the future include standardizing MCID calculation methods,enhancing patient involvement in setting MCID thresholds,and extending research to incorporate diverse global perspectives.These steps are critical to refining the role of MCID in patient-centered healthcare,addressing existing gaps in methodology and interpretation,and ensuring that medical interventions lead to significant,patient-perceived improvements.

Extension for Community Health Outcomes-hepatitis C:Small steps carve big footprints in the allocation of scarce resources for hepatitis C virus treatment to remote developing areas

Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection is still a major health problem throughout the world.HCV patients living in rural areas are less fortunate than their counterparts residing in populous urbanized regions.The lack of medical resources and properly trained medical personnel in rural regions make it especially burdensome for HCV patients seeking treatment.Dr.Sanjeev Arora at the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center took initiative to resolve the issue at hand by developing a model named Project Extension for Community Health Outcomes(ECHO).ECHO connects primary care providers(PCPs),usually family medicine physicians,in local communities with specialists.ECHO providers test the efficacy of treatment given using the ECHO model vs that at academic medical centers.The ECHO model has produced promising results such that the sustained virologic response rates for both types of sites were near-equivalent.Show Me ECHO was adapted from Project ECHO to train PCPs in Missouri and equip them with the tools and skills to properly treat and diagnose HCV in a timely manner.This healthcare model can be implemented for treating other common infections and chronic diseases.Telemedicine is the direction healthcare is headed for the next several decades.It has potential to be applied in developing countries to alleviate agony and despair resulting from limited resources and lack of access to expert medical care.

Health Systems Strengthening to Tackle the Global Burden of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease: A Diagonal Approach

1 Background Congenital heart disease(CHD)is the most common major congenital anomaly,affecting approximately one in every 100 live births[1].Among congenital anomalies,66%of preventable deaths are due to CHD,and 58%of the avertable morbidity and mortality due to congenital anomalies would result from scaling congenital heart surgery services[2].Every year,nearly 300,000 children and adults die from CHD,the majority of whom live in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs)[3].Approximately 49%of all individuals with CHD will require surgical or interventional care at some point in their lifetime[4];as a result of advances in access to and the delivery of such services,over 95%of children born with CHD in high-income countries now live into adulthood[3].Here,adults have surpassed children in the number of CHD cases at a ratio of 2:1[5].

Dynamic analysis of major public health emergency transmission considering the dual-layer coupling of community–resident complex networks

We construct a dual-layer coupled complex network of communities and residents to represent the interconnected risk transmission network between communities and the disease transmission network among residents. It characterizes the process of infectious disease transmission among residents between communities through the SE2IHR model considering two types of infectors. By depicting a more fine-grained social structure and combining further simulation experiments, the study validates the crucial role of various prevention and control measures implemented by communities as primary executors in controlling the epidemic. Research shows that the geographical boundaries of communities and the social interaction patterns of residents have a significant impact on the spread of the epidemic, where early detection, isolation and treatment strategies at community level are essential for controlling the spread of the epidemic. In addition, the study explores the collaborative governance model and institutional advantages of communities and residents in epidemic prevention and control.

Building a transdisciplinary science of One Health with a global vision

One Health has been recognized as a cost-effectiveness approach that intricate connections between human health,animal health,and ecosystem health.This holistic perspective is crucial for addressing complex health challenges that arise at the intersection of these domains,such as emerging infectious diseases,antimicrobial resistance,food safety&food security,and environmental degradation.The beneficiaries of the One Health ap-proach have been demonstrated by many case studies worldwide,and summarized by The World Bank that not only support poverty alleviation in developing countries,but also can reduce pandemic risk globally.It is essential for us to understand the means of promoting the initiatives in building the transdisciplinary science of One Health that requires a global vision with integration of various disciplines,stakeholders,and resources.Therefore,we introduce the role of the transdisciplinary science of One Health,and the key steps and strategies necessary to implement One Health approach in the real world.We also propose three research priorities,including empha-sizing climate change and health,enhancing global health security,and promoting equity and inclusivity which is crucial for the success of One Health initiatives.Hence,building a transdisciplinary science of One Health will not only improve holistic health between human,animal,and environmental domains,but also contribute to the global health security and sustainable development.

Burnout and mental distress among community health workers in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of studies during the COVID-19 pandemic

Community health workers(CHWs)represent the backbone of primary health systems,especially in many low-and middle-income countries(LMICs).The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic stretched health sys-tems and increased the workload for CHWs.The objective of this scoping review was to identify the mental health symptoms experienced among CHWs in LMICs during the COVID-19 pandemic.We searched PubMed for published literature,from January 1,2020 to December 31,2022 that focused on documenting the experiences of burnout,distress,and mental health symptoms among CHWs in LMICs.The quality of included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool.Included studies were grouped into the follow-ing broad thematic categories:(1)symptoms experienced;(2)drivers of different mental health symptoms;and(3)strategies for coping with different symptoms.We identified 10 cross-sectional,qualitative,and observational studies from 11 LMICs in South and Southeast Asia,South America,and Eastern/Southern Africa that assessed the mental health burden CHWs faced during the pandemic.The studies identified disorders and symptoms such as depression,anxiety,fear,burnout,worsened stress,and fatigue.Contributing factors included increased work-load,financial constraints,and an understaffed and underequipped workplace.CHWs reported using different adaptive responses like humor,support from family and colleagues,denial,and substance use,and asked for recommended regular mental health checkups and counseling.More research and policies should be targeted to-wards promoting the mental wellbeing of CHWs to help ensure responsive and resilient health systems in LMICs in the face of future emerging public health threats.

Implementation of an international medical student pen-pal club:survey outcomes of perceptions in cultural competency and global health

Background:Pen-pal clubs(PPC)are used worldwide for students to learn about different cultures and other skillsets without the need for travel.Many medical students are interested in global health opportunities abroad but costs,scheduling,and other barriers allow few to participate in such experiences.It is important that medical students have nuanced global medical perspectives and can contribute to the global medical community.Objective:The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that an international medical student PPC improves medical students'perspectives of cultural competency and global health engagement.Methods:In 2021,a novel medical student PPC was established that began between an American and Japanese medical school.Following a shareholders meeting,it was decided that the number of medical schools involved globally be expanded through previous institutional affiliations and online presences.In total,the club connected 50 American medical students and 52 medical students from 17 high-and middle-income countries.The primary form of communication was online;pen-pals were encouraged to communicate monthly using provided topics,although frequency and way of communication was their discretion.In February 2022,American PPC members were emailed a qualitative survey to assess the PPC's impact.Results:The survey was completed by 42%of American PPC members,95%of which were 22-26 years.Participants were preclinical medical students,60%whom were female and the majority either white(47%)or Asian(43%).Overall,the PPC positively influenced American medical students'perception of global medicine,medical education,and their cultural competency after joining the PPC compared to prior(P=0.004).Conclusion:PPCs encourage medical students to think from a global perspective and foster open-mindedness within varying social and cultural contexts.Having a global communication platform for students during medical school education may be an additional way to train aspiring global leaders.

Shaping global health promotion:a comprehensive analysis of the 10 Global Conferences on Health Promotion Conferences(1986-2021)

Objective This study analyzed how the 10 Global Conferences on Health Promotion have played a significant role in shaping and promoting a worldwide consensus and actions on health promotion,effectively addressing diverse health challenges that evolved over different periods.Methods The textual analysis method was used in this study and text encoding was conducted to systematically examine the declarations and reports presented by the 10 Global Conferences on Health Promotion held during 1986-2021.We summarized the themes and key achievements,and key vocabulary in the conference declarations was extracted and analyzed to construct the global health promotion consensus and actions.Results The fundamental principles of the conferences are to foster consensus and initiate actions in the realm of health promotion on a global scale.The primary purpose and goal are to promote health from regional to global.Significantly,our findings highlight a transition in the primary actors driving health promotion.It underscores a shift in health promotion from being driven primarily by organizations like the World Health Organization,governments,and international bodies,to a more inclusive approach involving non-governmental organizations and the general public.This development implies that health promotion has evolved into a collective global endeavor,demanding the proactive involvement of various stakeholders,and forging new alliances in public health.Meanwhile,the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has further shaped the landscape of health promotion,underscoring the need for intensified focus on areas including disease prevention,health education,and the integration of digital health technologies,and emphasizing the importance of a multidimensional,responsive approach in public health initiatives.Conclusions Sustained collaboration and innovative strategies are pivotal to advancing health promotion globally.Countries,together with public and private entities,should intensify cooperation.Multisectoral collaboration among partners such as healthcare,education,social security,and the industry is vital for health promotion and achieving global health goals.

What Does Research Say for Improving the Efficiency of Lady Healthcare Workers in Pakistan? Review Article

Background: In Pakistan, the crucial role of Lady Health Workers (LHWs) cannot be over looked and must be supported. Their alliance position between the community and health system allows them to provide services to the most marginalised groups. However, LHWs face numerous challenges and issues resulting in reduced efficiency and effectiveness of LHW program. Aims: The study aims to identify the challenges highlighted in various studies that undermine the performance of LHWs and attempts to combine the recommendations of the studies for addressing these challenges. Methods: Literature search included articles from 2000 to 2024. PubMed and Google Scholar were the main search engines utilized. Initial search resulted in 1380 articles, out of which only those showing a link to the study title were included in the study. From the total articles searched, 55 were selected for writing this article. Results: Literature highlighted the importance of community selection, monitoring, monetary as well as non-financial incentives;trainings;availability of supervision, workload balance, monitoring;recognition, clarity on roles, resources and uninterrupted supply of logistics, support and embedment of LHWs in community and health system. Lack or poor quality of these aspects may lead to low performance of LHWs. Conclusions: This paper explores the extent of issues and challenges faced by LHWs in Pakistan. A number of interventions appear to be effective in improving the efficiency of LHWs in Pakistan. The review may serve as an essential resource for program planners and decision-makers in improving the effectiveness and efficiency of LHW programs.

Application Effect of Health Management in Community Diabetic Population

Objective: This study aims to improve the health level of patients with diabetes in the community through health management measures under the concept of health management. Methods: Community residents were selected to detect, collate and analyze the social demographic information, body mass index, fasting blood glucose and blood lipid level of diabetic patients before and after health management. Results: The study showed that after the implementation of health management education in the community, the detection rate of diabetes patients increased, but the population was no longer mainly elderly patients, but mainly people under 60 years old. The levels of body mass index, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were significantly decreased (all P Conclusion: Through the investigation of patients before and after health management in residential communities, this study shows that the correct implementation of health management can effectively improve the physiological indicators of diabetes patients, improve the level of health quality, and provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of diabetes patients in communities.

Systematic Review of Community Type 2 Diabetes Structured Health Education (CT2DSHE)

Aim: This paper aims to evaluate disparities of type 2 diabetes structured health education programmes that is utilised within the communities. Design: systematic review, (a type of secondary research design) aiming to summarize the results of prior primary research studies on available evidence Community type 2 diabetes structured education (CT2DSHE). Methods: Research question: Type 2 diabetic structured health education within a community how effective is it? Qualitative Systematic review, defined as a way to get reliable and objective picture of current available evidence on the specific topic—(CT2DSHE), (Denscombe, 2021) through reflexivity synthesis of available data as an example. This is valuable in time constraints such as project assignments that must be met within specific time and also to bring together available evidence together [1]. Results: This review has shown that CT2DSHE is effective with seven out of the eleven authors supporting, three authors against and one was neutral, further showed that knowledge and skills acquired can last longer with patient activation improved among T2DM patients ideal for sustaining their self-management of T2DM. Conclusion: This research provides suggestive answers to the research question: “Type 2 diabetic structured health education within a community how effective is it?”, This has demonstrated CT2DSHE effectiveness in knowledge acquisition and improving T2DM awareness among T2DM patients, whilst evidencing long effects beyond the study times of 3 - 9 months period in relation to patient activation. Also Identified diabetes education self-management on newly diagnosed (DESMOND) patient as CT2DSHE program for recommendation. Patient or Public Contribution: This work aspires to contribute to CT2DSHE in these areas;Influencing policy decision-making for community diabetes care within the UK and world at large., Contributing to already vast knowledge on diabetes self-management and reasons why?, Influencing educators on how CT2DSHEP are designed, delivered by putting the patient at the Centre and bringing different perspectives on CT2DSHEP in one place that is serving users time of having to consult several resources especially busy clinicians [2] [3].

Exploring the Effects of Health Education and Chronic Disease Management Nursing in the Management of Hypertension in Elderly Patients in the Community

Objective:To explore the effects of health education and chronic disease management nursing in elderly community patients with hypertension,in order to provide scientific evidence for improving the health management level of these patients.Methods:Sixty-four elderly hypertension patients treated at this hospital between March 2022 and March 2024 were selected and randomly divided into two groups,with 32 patients in each group.One group received conventional management,designated as the control group,while the other group received a combined management strategy involving health education and chronic disease management,designated as the experimental group.The study compared the management outcomes of the two groups to evaluate the value of the combined management approach in elderly hypertensive patients in the community.Results:The study found that the experimental group showed significantly lower systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),and scores on the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)compared to the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Additionally,the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher scores in disease cognition levels regarding awareness of normal blood pressure ranges,prevention of complications,identification of high-risk factors,and healthy lifestyle practices,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Moreover,the experimental group showed significantly better rates of self-management behaviors,such as quitting smoking and alcohol,self-monitoring of blood pressure,dietary control,regular medication adherence,and consistent exercise,compared to the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion:This study indicates that a combined management model integrating health education and chronic disease management effectively improves the emotional state of elderly hypertensive patients in the community,significantly enhances their disease cognition levels,and boosts their self-management abilities.Furthermore,this model can effectively lower patients’blood pressure,thereby achieving better health management outcomes for elderly hypertensive patients in the community.

Nowcasting and forecasting global aging and cancer burden:analysis of data from the GLOBOCAN and Global Burden of Disease Study

Objective:To analyze the impact of global population aging on cancer epidemiology,with a focus on the incidence and mortality rates among individuals aged 60 years and above.Methods:We utilized open-source data,retrieving population age estimates from the United Nations Population Division website.The GLOBOCAN 2020 database provided estimates for cancer cases and deaths in 2020 and 2040,while the Global Burden of Disease 2019 database supplied estimates of new cancer cases worldwide from 2000 to 2019.Inclusion criteria considered individuals aged 60 years and over,focusing on the top five deadliest cancers.The cohort-component method was employed for population prediction,with age-specific incidence and mortality rates estimated for 2020 used to forecast the cancer burden.Results:In 2021,the global population aged over 60 years accounted for 13.7%,with Europe/North America and Australia/New Zealand having the highest proportions.The older population is predicted to reach 19.2%by 2040.In 2020,of the 19.3 million new cancer cases worldwide,64%occurred in individuals aged 60 and above,contributing to 71.3%of cancer-related deaths.The five most common cancer sites were the lung,colorectum,prostate,breast,and stomach.Cancer incidence and deaths are projected to rise significantly among older indi-viduals,reaching 20.7 million new cases and 12.7 million deaths by 2040.Older age,tobacco use,dietary factors,alcohol consumption,and high body mass index(BMI)were identified as major risk factors for various cancers in this demographic.Conclusions:This study reveals a significant rise in cancer incidence and mortality among the elderly due to global population aging.The urgency for targeted interventions in cancer prevention,screening,and treatment for older individuals is emphasized.Despite acknowledged limitations,these findings contribute valuable insights to inform strategies for managing cancer in the elderly amidst evolving demographic trends.

Advancing knowledge of One Health in China:lessons for One Health from China's dengue control and prevention programs

Background:The emergence of dengue fever has prompted significant public health responses,highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding of One Health in addressing vector-borne diseases.China's experience in dengue control and prevention programs offers valuable insights into the successful integration of multidisciplinary strategies.Aims:The review aims to:(1)systematically analyze lessons from China's dengue control and prevention programs,focusing on the integration of these efforts with the One Health approach;(2)underscore the reasons of optimizing the dengue control and prevention program;(3)highlight the alignment of China's dengue control strategies with the One Health framework;(4)contribute to global efforts in combating dengue,providing scientific evidence and strategic recommendations for other regions facing similar challenges.Results:Through a comprehensive literature review and expert interviews,this study found China's approach to dengue control and prevention implemented through a hierarchical system led by the government,with collaborative efforts across multiple departments.This multi-sectoral collaboration mechanism enables the technical interventions well executed by health and disease control institutions,optimizing the integration of multiple costeffeteness approaches,such as case management,early detection and outbreak response,reducing local transmission,and minimizing severe cases and fatalities.It was found that community participation and public health education have played a vital role in raising awareness,promoting personal protective measures,and enhancing the overall effectiveness of control efforts.The implementation of these integrated interventions has resulted in reduced dengue cases and improved capacity of outbreak response.China's dengue control strategies under the One Health framework,with focus on interdisciplinary collaboration,incorporated environmental and ecological interventions,which reduced mosquito breeding sites and improved sanitation.The findings of the review underscore the need for continuous improvement in early warning systems,scientific research,and the adoption of the One Health approach to address emerging challenges posed by climate change and the cross-border spread of infectious diseases.Conclusion:China's dengue control and prevention programs provide a compelling case study for the effective application of the One Health approach.By systematically analyzing the integration of multidisciplinary strategies,this review reveals valuable lessons on optimizing public health responses to vector-borne diseases.The alignment of these strategies with One Health principles not only enhances the effectiveness of dengue control efforts in China but also offers a framework that can be adapted by other regions facing similar challenges.Ultimately,the insights gained from this analysis contribute to the global fight against dengue,emphasizing the need for collaborative and holistic approaches in public health initiatives.

Global health education in Chinese universities and potential for collaboration with schools of nursing: A qualitative study

Background: The Chinese Consortium of Universities for Global Health (CCUGH) was established within schools of public health in 2013 with the goal of enhancing global health in China.Expanding nursing students' exposure to global health curricula is important as nurses are essential actors in the health care system.However,information related to existing global health education within CCUGH-affiliated universities and the current engagement of Chinese schools of nursing in global health remains extremely limited.Objective: To identify and describe the current definitions and conceptualizations of global health education in Chinese universities,with a focus on schools of nursing,in order to explore potential opportunities for strengthened collaboration between global health initiative and schools of nursing in China.Methods: Purposive sampling with snowballing was used to recruit 19 key informants who were critical stakeholders in global health and nursing in China.Key informant interviews were conducted from July 2014 to February 2015,and data were updated in June 2016.Content analysis was used to analyze data via Atlas.ti 7.Results: There was a rapid growth in global health education within and beyond CCUGH-affiliated universities with nine universities establishing global health institutes.Translation and definition of global health lacked consistency in Chinese language.Though no course directly related to global health was offered,schools of nursing were gradually participating in global health education and research.Nursing was a critical component of global health,and global health and nursing mutually advanced each other.Nursing education should include global health contents,but at present independent global health curriculum in schools of nursing was not appropriate.Conclusion: Increasingly Chinese universities are promoting global health education through the platform of CCUGH.It is an ideal moment to promote and expand work across the fields of global health and nursing,specifically to highlight opportunities for collaboration across education,research and practice.