Theoretical Calculation Model of Heat Transfer for Deep-derived Supercritical Fluids with a Case Study

Based on a set of equations established by Duan et al. (1992, 1996) for a geofluid system H2O-CO2-CH4(-N2), a formula is obtained to calculate the heat changes. Combining the geological T-P conditions (geothermal gradients and lithostatic and hydrostatic pressures), the enthalpy of some typical geofluids is figured out. Then the principles of heat transfer of deep-derived supercritical fluids are discussed. The result shows that deep-derived geofluids can bring a large amount of thermal heat and release most heat to the shallow surroundings as they move up, because the molar enthalpies vary very greatly from the deep to shallow, increasing with the increases of T and P. Generally, more than tens of kilojoules heat per molar can be released. Furthermore, the molar enthalpy is affected by the compositions of the geofluids, and the molar enthalpy of CO2, CH4, or N2 is greater than that of H2O, being twice, more than twice, and about 140% of H2O, respectively. Finally, a case study is conducted by investigating a source rock sequence affected hydrothermally by magmatic fluids in the Huimin depression of Shengli Oilfield. The thermal heat calculated theoretically of the fluids related to a diabase intrusion is quite large, which can increase the temperature near the diabase to about 300℃, and that can, to some extent, account for the abnormal rise of the vitrinite reflectance, with the highest of about 3.8% (Ro).

A case of hypermature cataract formation following implantation of an implantable collamer lens with an Aquaport

To improve humor circulation the latest V4c Visian implantable collamer lens （ICL） was designed with a0.36-ram Aquapon. This design also eliminates the need to perform peripheral iridectomy before ICL implantation. Several authors reported rates of secondary surgical intervention related to insufficient vault in the presence or absence of cataract formation and excessive vault in the presence or absence of elevated intraocular pressure （IOP） after ICL insertion. Here, we report a case of rapid progression of a cataract to a hypermature state after implantation of an ICL with an Aquaport.

Effects of Land Use Change on Eco-environment in Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin——A Case Study of Yanting County, Sichuan Province

With the artificial alder and cypress mixed forest being planted, there has been a marked land use change since 1970s' in Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin, China. Data from meteorological observations or posts operated over long time, measurement and calculation of NPP (net primary production) and biomass of biological community, and analysis of soil organic matter content show that the artificial alder and cypress mixed forest has outstanding eco-environmental effect: adjusting local climate, raising soil fertility, alleviating menace of drought, and raising NPP and biomass of biological community. It is very beneficial for improving ecological environment to afforest artificial alder and cypress mixed forest in populous Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin, China. Key Words: land use/land cover change (LUCC); eco-environmental effect; Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin; the artificial alder and cypress mixed forest

A Case Study on the Occurrence and Mobility of the Shale Oil from the Muli Coalfield,Qilian Mountain

Shale oil occurs in free state （including condensate state）, adsorption state （adsorbed on kerogen and mineral particles） and dissolved state （dissolved in natural gas, residual water, etc.） in shales and adjacent layers. The characterization of the occurrence of different hydrocarbons in shale oil, especially the quantitative separation of free hydrocarbons （mobile oil）, has been the current focus of shale oil research. Taken the shale oil from the Muli coalfield in Qilian Mountain as an example, this work extracted shale samples with organic solvents of different polarity to obtain different occurrence states of hydrocarbons in the oil-bearing shale and to reveal the compositional differences of the hydrocarbons. The result may provide new geochemical information for the occurrence and mobility of shale oil.

A Case Study of Warm Sector Rainbands in North China

This article investigates in detail the structure, genesis and development of parallel-type warm sector rainbands from radar observations. By comparing these observations with diagnostic results from temperature, pressure, moisture and wind data, which are both actually observed and numerically generated by a mesoscale model, and the theory of symmetric instability, it is found that the conditional symmetric instability might be responsible for the formation and development of these rainbands.

Non-Conventional Plasma Assisted Catalysts for Diesel Exhaust Treatment: A Case Study

This paper reports the application of pulse discharges along with catalysts in treat- ing the exhaust gas at higher temperatures. In the present work a plasma reactor, filled with catalysts, called as plasma catalytic reactor, is studied for removal of oxides of nitrogen, total hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. The experiments are conducted on an actual diesel engine exhaust at no-load and at different temperatures starting from room temperature to 300°C. The removal efficiencies of these pollutants are studied. The experiments are carried out with both con- ventional and non-conventional catalysts. The idea is to explore the pollutant removal efficiency characteristics by non-conventional catalysts. The efficiency results are compared with that of conventional catalysts. The experiments are carried out at a constant pulse repetition rate of 120 pps. Both pellet and honeycomb type catalysts are used in the study.

A case of 9p deletion syndrome with congenital infantile glaucoma,effective method of diagnosis,and treatment

Dear Editor,I am Dr.Jia X from the Department of Ophthalmology,Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,Changsha,China.I write to present a rare case report of 9p deletion syndrome with congenital infantile glaucoma in an infant,accompanying with an effective method of both diagnosis and treatment.

Strike-Slip Faults and Their Control on Differential Hydrocarbon Enrichment in Carbonate Karst Reservoirs: A Case Study of Yingshan Formation on Northern Slope of Tazhong Uplift, Tarim Basin

Objective Oil and gas are abundant in the Ordovician Yingshan Formation carbonate karst reservoirs on the northern slope of Tazhong uplift in the Tarim Basin, and have extremely complicated oil-gas-water distribution, however. The difference in burial depth of the reservoirs between east and west sides is up to 1000 m. Water-bearing formations exist between oil- and gas-bearing formations vertically and water-producing wells are drilled between oil- and gas-producing wells. Macroscopically, oil and gas occur at low positions, while water occurs at high positiona on the northern slope of Tazhong uplift. The mechanism of differential hydrocarbon enrichment in heterogeneous reservoirs is by far not clarified, which has affected the efficient exploration and development of oil and gas fields in this area.

Recovery of injured fornical crura following neurosurgical operation of a brain tumor: a case report

The fornix, which is involved in transfer of episodic memory, is an important structure of the Papez circuit between the medial diencephalon and the medial temporal lobe. Many studies using DTI have reported on injury of the fornix in patients with brain injury （Nakayama et al., 2006; Sugiyama et al., 2007; Wang et al., 2008; Chang et al., 2010）. However, only a few studies on recov- ery of an injured fornix in patients with brain injury, including traumatic brain injury and stroke, have been reported （Yeo et al., 2011; Yeo and Jang, 2013a, b）. In this study, using follow up DTT images, we reported on a patient who showed recovery of injured fornical crura following a neurosurgical operation for a brain tumor.

TCM Treatment of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopaphy—A Case Report

Case History Patient Wu, aged 66 years, was admitted to this hospital on February 28, 1997 due to paroxysmal chest distress, palpitation and shortness of breath for more than 15 years and exacerbation of these symptoms in recent 3 months.

Posner-Schlossman syndrome induced laser in situ keratomileusis keratectasia–a case report

Iam Dr. Xiu Wang, from Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China. I write to present one case report of Posner-Schlossman syndrome （PSS） induced laser in situ keratomileusis （LASIK） keratectasia.

Regolith Geochemical Studies in Kimberlitic Terrain: A Case Study from Lattavaram Kimberlite Cluster, Eastern Dharwar Craton, Southern India

Utility of geochemistry in mineral exploration is known since more than half-a-century.In reconnaissance diamond exploration,regolith geochemistry is a well known tool worldwide and helps in distinguishing bedrock

Pediatric Middle Ear Congenital Cholesteatoma: A Case Report

Congenital cholesteatoma（CC）is a rarely seen benign tumor of the temporal bone. There are five general sites of extradural occurrence: the middle ear, external auditory meatus, mastoid, squamous portion and the petrous apex of the temporal bone. CC grows slowly and presents no symptoms at the early stage. Delayed and mis-diagnosis are common with this condition. Case report A 10-year-old boy presented with a 3-month history of hearing loss on right side. There was no history of otorrhea, facial palsy, previous otological procedures or trauma. Otoscopy revealed a bulging posterosuperior quadrant in the otherwise intact right tympanic membrane （Fig.1）. Pure tone audiometry showed an average threshold of 51 dB for 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000Hz, with a 40 dB air-bone gap, suggesting a moderate conductive hearing loss（Fig.4）. CT scan of the temporal bone showed an isolated soft tissue density lesion in the middle ear（Fig.2）.

Focal nodular hyperplasia with concomitant hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report and clonal analysis

This report describes a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with concomitant focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) in a 56 years old Chinese man. There were two well circumscribed tumours measuring 3×2.5×2 cm and 2×1.5×1.5 cm. The larger mass was grey and soft with a small area of bleeding and necrosis and an intact capsule. The smaller mass was yellow and had no capsule. Clonal analysis was carried out to clarify the relation between the HCC and the adjacent FNH. The clonal analysis was based on the methylation pattern of the polymorphic X chromosome linked androgen receptor gene (HUMARA). In FNH, after Hpa Ⅱ digestion, the allelic bands showed two well defined peaks. The intensity of the two peaks in the DNA from cirrhotic tissue did not differ significantly, consistent with a random pattern of X chromosome inactivation. However, in HCC, after Hpa Ⅱ digestion, the allelic bands differed significantly in intensity. Therefore, there was a typical polyclonal pattern of inactivation in FNH but the HCC was interpreted as being monoclonal.

Acute postoperatory visual loss following bilateral lung transplantation surgery:a case series

Dear Editor,I am Rosa Gutiérrez Bonet,former ophthalmology resident at Puerta de Hierro University Hospital,Madrid,Spain.I write to present four cases of cortical blindness（CB）after bilateral lung transplant（LT）.

A case of severe refractive changes induced by Galyfilcon A silicone hydrogel contact lenses

Dear Sir, I＇m Boris Severinsky from the New England College of Optometry, Boston, USA. I write you to present an interesting case of extreme refractive and corneal topography changes induced by daily wearing of Acuvue Advance （Johnson＆Johnson, Vision Care） contact lens （CL）.

Serum Levels of Antioxidant Vitamins in Relation to Coronary Artery Disease: A Case Control Study of Koreans

With the changes in trends of disease pattern from infectious to chronic degenerative disease, cardiovascular disease has been considered as the major cause of death in Korea.Numerous studies have been done on the antioxidant effects of some vitamins in the prevention of chronic illness, but not many in relation to the cardiovascular disease.Therefore, the relation between antioxidant vitamins, mainly α-tocopherol (α-T) and B-carotene (B-C), and coronary artery disease (CAD) such as angina pectoris and myocardial infarction has been investigated in this study.The blood samples were obtained from the CAD patients who were angiographically diagnosed within a month (100 case group). Patients who had an experience of PTCA or CABG were excluded from the study. Control subjects were healthy adults who had normal EKG values, no chest pain and no past history of cardiac disease (100 control group). All subjects were free of serum lipid lowering drugs. Serum α-T and B-C were analysed using HPLC. In addition to antioxidant vitamins, serum lipids (total cholesterol, HDL, TG) were also measured. Each case and control was matched in terms of age and sex. And all the CAD risk factors such as blood pressure, smoking, alcohol, serum lipid profile and BMI were adjusted to determine pure effect(s) of α-T and B-C on the CAD.The concentrations of both α-T and B-C were significantly lower in the CAD group than those in control group (P<0.05); in CAD group, mean values of α-T and B-C were 11.9±7.2 (μg/ml), 35.8±3.1 (μg/dl) respectively. As for the levels of B-C, it shows inverse relation with age, but not for the α-T Ievels. Serum levels of both vitamins did not show any significant differences in terms of sex, but men have a tendency o higher levels of B-C,but lower levels of α-T

Perimortem caesarean section: A case report of an out-of-hospital arrest pregnant woman

Dear editor, In July 2015, a 39-year-old gravida 2, para 0 lady at 35 weeks＇ gestation was found collapsed at home and sent to the emergency department （ED） by ambulance. She had a background of chronic hypertension on anti- hypertensives and aspirin, but repeatedly refused in- patient treatment for her uncontrolled hypertension. She had received pre-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation （CPR） for 17 minutes en route to the ED.

Choroidal and ciliary body tubercle: a case report

Dear Editor,I am Bing Li from the Department of Ophthalmology,Peking Union Medical College Hospital in Beijing, China,and I write to present a case report of choroidal and ciliary body tubercles.Ocular tuberculosis (TB) is an extrapulmonary tuberculous condition with variable manifestations[1].

A Lazarus effect： A case report of Bupropion overdose mimicking brain death

Dear editor, We report a case of a 47-year-old female who presented with a toxic bupropion ingestion leading to cardiac arrest. She initially exhibited a loss of brainstem reflexes in conjunction with burst-suppression pattern on EEG. Burst suppression is an EEG waveform pattern of alternating isoelectric suppressions and high voltage bursts, Our patient ultimately made a full neurologic recovery a few days later. While there are two other cases in the literature of bupropion overdose resulting in EEG burst-suppression and loss of brainstem reflexes, we believe this is the only reported adult case complicated by cardiac arrest.