Purpose:The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of intermittent sprint training and plyometric training on endurance running performance.Methods:Fourteen moderately trained male endurance runners were all...Purpose:The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of intermittent sprint training and plyometric training on endurance running performance.Methods:Fourteen moderately trained male endurance runners were allocated into either the intermittent sprint training group(n = 7)or the plyometric training group(n = 7).The preliminary tests required subjects to perform a treadmill graded exercise test,a countermovement jump test for peak power measurement,and a 10-km time trial.Training included 12 sessions of either intermittent sprint or plyometric training carried out twice per week.On completion of the intervention,post-tests were conducted.Results:Both groups showed significant reduction in weekly training mileage from pre-intervention during the intervention period.There were significant improvements in the 10-km time trial performance and peak power.There was also significant improvement in relative peak power for both groups.The 10-km time trial performance and relative peak power showed a moderate inverse correlation.Conclusion:These findings showed that both intermittent sprint and plyometric training resulted in improved 10-km running performance despite reduction in training mileage.The improvement in running performance was accompanied by an improvement in peak power and showed an inverse relationship with relative peak power.展开更多
When combined aerobic and resistance training into the same session is performed, the exercise order may lead to different effects with respect to factors such as muscle strength, hormone responses, energy metabolism,...When combined aerobic and resistance training into the same session is performed, the exercise order may lead to different effects with respect to factors such as muscle strength, hormone responses, energy metabolism, and vascular function. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise order of combined aerobic and resistance training into the same session on body composition, muscle strength and arterial stiffness in the elderly. Thirty-one elderly subjects （70.5 ± 3.5 years） were randomly assigned to 3 groups; AR： aerobic before resistance training, RA： resistance before aerobic training and CON： no training. Subjects trained 2 times per week for 10 weeks. Resistance training consisted of 3 sets of 8-12 repetitions for 5 different exercises, 70%-80% of one repetition maximum （1RM）. Aerobic exercise consisted of cycling at 60% of heart rate reserve （HRR）. Significant interaction effects were observed in body fat percentage （P 〈 0.01） and 1RM （P 〈 0.01）. However, no significant differences were observed between AR and RA. In contrast, pulse wave velocity （PWV） significantly reduced in the RA （8.8± 2.1 m/s to 7.6 ± 1.9 m/s, P 〈 0.05）, while PWV increased in the AR （7.9 ± 2.8 m/s to 10.0 ± 2.6 m/s, P 〈 0.01）, and there was significant difference between AR and RA （P 〈 0.05）. In conclusion, no effects of the exercise order were observed in body composition and muscle strength. However, aerobic exercise after resistance training reduced arterial stiffness and difference of exercise order was observed.展开更多
Background: Increased peak oxygen consumption(VO2 peak) can reduce cardiovascular risks associated with obesity. Our aim was to analyze the effect of a weight loss program on cardiovascular fitness in overweight(W) an...Background: Increased peak oxygen consumption(VO2 peak) can reduce cardiovascular risks associated with obesity. Our aim was to analyze the effect of a weight loss program on cardiovascular fitness in overweight(W) and obese(O) subjects.Methods: One hundred and sixty-seven subjects(77 males and 90 females), aged 18–50 years, performed a modified Bruce protocol before(pre)and after(post) a weight loss program of 24 weeks. This program combined physical training(strength, S; endurance, E; combined strength + endurance, SE; or physical activity recommendation, PA) 3 times per week, with a 25%–30% caloric restriction diet.Results: VO2 peak improved in overweight and obese males(pre and post values in L/min, respectively; W = 3.2 ± 0.6 vs. 3.7 ± 0.5, p < 0.001;O = 3.6 ± 0.6 vs. 3.8 ± 0.6, p = 0.013) as well as in overweight females(2.0 ± 0.3 vs. 2.3 ± 0.4, p < 0.001). VO2 peak in the first ventilatory threshold(VT1) increased for all 4 interventions in males(p < 0.05), except for S in the obese group(1.6 ± 0.2 vs. 1.7 ± 0.3, p = 0.141). In females, it increased in E(0.9 ± 0.2 vs. 1.4 ± 0.3, p < 0.001), SE(0.9 ± 0.2 vs. 1.2 ± 0.4, p = 0.003), and PA(0.9 ± 0.1 vs. 1.2 ± 0.2, p = 0.006) in overweight groups. Time-to-exhaustion improved in all subjects except for females in PA group(15.7 ± 0.3 min vs. 15.9 ± 0.3 min, p = 0.495).Conclusion: Our results suggest that all methods, including the recommendation of physical activity, can improve cardiovascular fitness in overweight subjects and obese males.展开更多
Introduction: Red beet juice is increasingly used in sports to enhance the endurance of athletes. To increase the specific efficiency of red beet juice, the method of its fractionation by ultrafiltration was used for ...Introduction: Red beet juice is increasingly used in sports to enhance the endurance of athletes. To increase the specific efficiency of red beet juice, the method of its fractionation by ultrafiltration was used for the first time. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of fractionated beetroot juice on the strength and endurance of laboratory rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats (6 groups;n = 10) were used in the study. In addition to the standard chow, some groups of rats 2 h before the exercises received 0.5 ml of native (RBJ) or fractionated (FRBJ) per os. Three groups of animals were trained using a motorized wheel with a gradual speed increase over four weeks: 20 min/day for five days a week. Muscle strength of animals in all groups was measured by electronic dynamometry and the endurance of rats was evaluated once a week using electrical stimulation on a racetrack which moved at a speed of 15 m/min. The test was performed an hour after the ingestion of RBJ or FRBJ. At the end of the experiment, biochemical blood indices were determined. FRBJ was prepared by the original method. Results: Most significant differences in the chemical composition of RBJ and FRBJ were found for glutamic acid, of which the content was 67.2% higher than in native juice. The greatest changes during the experiment were in the mass of the rats’ calf muscles. Regular running exercise caused a 29% increase in muscle mass. The additional increase in m. gastrocnemius was also provided y FRBJ – 12%. The combination of physical activity and the introduction of red beet derivate led to the increase of the calf muscle mass by 121% within a month. Assessing the endurance of animals by frequency of falling from the treadmill, we can conclude that compared with untrained animals, trained rats receiving FRBJ had three times higher levels of endurance. Conclusion: Consumption of FRBJ led to increased muscle strength in rats and the ergogenic effect of the product was significantly higher in combination with physical activity.展开更多
目的:运用Meta分析的方法检验同期耐力与力量训练对不同人群的最大摄氧量(VO_(2max))以及纵跳、上下肢力量(1RM)的影响,从而提出最优的运动干预方案。方法:检索中国知网、PubMed、Web of Science、万方等数据库,检索时限为各数据库建库...目的:运用Meta分析的方法检验同期耐力与力量训练对不同人群的最大摄氧量(VO_(2max))以及纵跳、上下肢力量(1RM)的影响,从而提出最优的运动干预方案。方法:检索中国知网、PubMed、Web of Science、万方等数据库,检索时限为各数据库建库至2020年10月。运用Review Manager 5.4对最终纳入的15篇外文文献通过不同角度分析,对409名受试者所得到的数据采用固定效应模型和随机效应模型进行整体效应、异质性、发表偏倚性检验。结果:同期耐力与力量训练能够提高最大摄氧量,但与传统耐力训练相比提高的水平相对较低;同期训练对上下肢的整体力量无显著性影响,腿举、腿屈伸、深蹲的合并效应量及其95%CI分别为8.47[-3.95,20.88]、2.46[-11.34,9.73],-0.81[-2.72,7.64],P>0.1;同期训练对纵跳的影响未达到显著性水平,MD=0.44,95%CI[-0.97,1.85],P>0.05。结论:同期耐力与力量训练可以提高机体的最大摄氧量。在运动训练中,相比传统的单独耐力或力量训练,同期训练能够在维持机体力量水平的基础上,同时发展耐力等其他基本素质。因此,相对于单独力量或耐力训练来说,对身体素质的增益有更好的效果;同期耐力与力量训练对爆发力以及整体力量的影响较小,保持8-12周的训练周期以及每周两三次的训练,可达到训练效果的最优化。展开更多
目的探索同期力量和耐力训练(以下简称“同期训练”)对中老年人骨骼肌适应性的影响,并分析不同训练频率、总量对骨骼肌影响的差异。方法在PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Scopus、中国知网等数据库中检索相关文献,通过Cochrane偏倚风...目的探索同期力量和耐力训练(以下简称“同期训练”)对中老年人骨骼肌适应性的影响,并分析不同训练频率、总量对骨骼肌影响的差异。方法在PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Scopus、中国知网等数据库中检索相关文献,通过Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具对纳入文献进行方法学质量评价,利用Stata 15.1软件对纳入数据进行统计学分析。结果共纳入文献18篇,样本总量为764人。meta分析结果显示,同期训练在静态力量、瘦体质量等方面的效应显著高于力量训练。亚组分析结果显示:当训练频率由每周2次增加到3次时,同期训练组瘦体质量增长显著高于力量训练组;当同期训练组与力量训练组接受等量力量训练时,同期训练组下肢最大力量显著高于力量训练组。结论同期训练能够更有效地提升中老年人的静态力量、动态力量以及瘦体质量,肌肉适应性未受耐力训练影响。训练频率未对下肢力量产生差异影响,而每周3次同期训练更有利于降低体脂。在力量训练总量相等的条件下,同期训练对下肢力量提升的效率高于单纯力量训练。展开更多
目的:采用Meta分析方法检验呼吸肌训练(Respiratory Muscle Training RMT)对运动员呼吸肌力量及有氧耐力表现相关指标的影响,并对其生理机制进行探析。方法:通过CNKI、Web of Science、Google Scholar、PubMed数据库,筛选了21篇文献纳入...目的:采用Meta分析方法检验呼吸肌训练(Respiratory Muscle Training RMT)对运动员呼吸肌力量及有氧耐力表现相关指标的影响,并对其生理机制进行探析。方法:通过CNKI、Web of Science、Google Scholar、PubMed数据库,筛选了21篇文献纳入Meta分析。运用stata15.1软件对纳入文献进行数据合并、异质性检验等。结果:Meta分析结果显示,呼吸肌训练对呼吸肌力量效应量为:吸气肌力量[SMD=-0.83,95%CI(-1.04,-0.63),P<0.01],呼气肌力量[SMD=-0.43,95%CI(-0.68,-0.18),P<0.05];对有氧耐力效应量为:12min跑距[SMD=-0.83,95%CI(-1.39,-0.27),P<0.01],运动至力竭[SMD=-0.54,95%CI(-0.90,-0.18),P<0.01],YO-YO测试[SMD=-1.03,95%CI(-1.49,-0.56),P<0.01],计时定距离[SMD=-0.76,95%CI(-1.26,-0.25),P<0.01]均具有显著提升作用。结论:RMT可以明显提高运动员的呼吸肌力量和有氧耐力。一天2次,6-10次/周、持续8周抗阻训练对吸气肌力量效果显著。RMT提高运动能力的原因在于呼吸肌代谢反射改善,肺通气功能以及肌纤维的适应。展开更多
检索足球运动员力量与其它身体素质结合训练的相关文献,整合并评述结合训练的研究进展。在Web of science、PubMed、中国知网数据库检索2000———2023年发表的相关文献,依照排除和纳入标准最终得到文献36篇,其中力量结合耐力、协调、...检索足球运动员力量与其它身体素质结合训练的相关文献,整合并评述结合训练的研究进展。在Web of science、PubMed、中国知网数据库检索2000———2023年发表的相关文献,依照排除和纳入标准最终得到文献36篇,其中力量结合耐力、协调、速度、灵敏的文献分别为12、5、11、8篇。研究结果显示:①在力量与耐力结合训练方面,任意负荷强度均能提升非高水平运动员的力量和心肺功能,而精英运动员则需要次极限强度的刺激才能提升其专项力量、冲刺速度、灵敏性及有氧耐力,且课内训练内容的顺序效益相近;②在力量与协调结合训练方面,先进行动态或静态协调训练可为随后的高质量力量训练奠定基础,训练安排选用板块分期模式更为有效;③在力量与速度结合训练方面,超等长与速度相结合的日间交替安排有助于提高冲刺及跳跃能力,而课内交替练习对提升跳跃、冲刺和变向能力等专项力量和速度的效果良好;④在力量与灵敏结合训练方面,日常技战术训练中采用力量与灵敏的课内交替,可以提高其跳跃、冲刺、转向及平衡能力。综上所述,可以从阶段、周、课3个层次建构足球运动员多素质相结合的训练组织与安排。展开更多
文摘Purpose:The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of intermittent sprint training and plyometric training on endurance running performance.Methods:Fourteen moderately trained male endurance runners were allocated into either the intermittent sprint training group(n = 7)or the plyometric training group(n = 7).The preliminary tests required subjects to perform a treadmill graded exercise test,a countermovement jump test for peak power measurement,and a 10-km time trial.Training included 12 sessions of either intermittent sprint or plyometric training carried out twice per week.On completion of the intervention,post-tests were conducted.Results:Both groups showed significant reduction in weekly training mileage from pre-intervention during the intervention period.There were significant improvements in the 10-km time trial performance and peak power.There was also significant improvement in relative peak power for both groups.The 10-km time trial performance and relative peak power showed a moderate inverse correlation.Conclusion:These findings showed that both intermittent sprint and plyometric training resulted in improved 10-km running performance despite reduction in training mileage.The improvement in running performance was accompanied by an improvement in peak power and showed an inverse relationship with relative peak power.
文摘When combined aerobic and resistance training into the same session is performed, the exercise order may lead to different effects with respect to factors such as muscle strength, hormone responses, energy metabolism, and vascular function. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise order of combined aerobic and resistance training into the same session on body composition, muscle strength and arterial stiffness in the elderly. Thirty-one elderly subjects （70.5 ± 3.5 years） were randomly assigned to 3 groups; AR： aerobic before resistance training, RA： resistance before aerobic training and CON： no training. Subjects trained 2 times per week for 10 weeks. Resistance training consisted of 3 sets of 8-12 repetitions for 5 different exercises, 70%-80% of one repetition maximum （1RM）. Aerobic exercise consisted of cycling at 60% of heart rate reserve （HRR）. Significant interaction effects were observed in body fat percentage （P 〈 0.01） and 1RM （P 〈 0.01）. However, no significant differences were observed between AR and RA. In contrast, pulse wave velocity （PWV） significantly reduced in the RA （8.8± 2.1 m/s to 7.6 ± 1.9 m/s, P 〈 0.05）, while PWV increased in the AR （7.9 ± 2.8 m/s to 10.0 ± 2.6 m/s, P 〈 0.01）, and there was significant difference between AR and RA （P 〈 0.05）. In conclusion, no effects of the exercise order were observed in body composition and muscle strength. However, aerobic exercise after resistance training reduced arterial stiffness and difference of exercise order was observed.
基金financial support of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Convocatoria deAyudas I + D 2008, Proyectos de Investigación Fundamental No Orientada, del VI Plan de Investigación Nacional 2008– 2011 (contract: DEP2008-06354-C04-01)EAC is funded by a predoctoral grant from the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)
文摘Background: Increased peak oxygen consumption(VO2 peak) can reduce cardiovascular risks associated with obesity. Our aim was to analyze the effect of a weight loss program on cardiovascular fitness in overweight(W) and obese(O) subjects.Methods: One hundred and sixty-seven subjects(77 males and 90 females), aged 18–50 years, performed a modified Bruce protocol before(pre)and after(post) a weight loss program of 24 weeks. This program combined physical training(strength, S; endurance, E; combined strength + endurance, SE; or physical activity recommendation, PA) 3 times per week, with a 25%–30% caloric restriction diet.Results: VO2 peak improved in overweight and obese males(pre and post values in L/min, respectively; W = 3.2 ± 0.6 vs. 3.7 ± 0.5, p < 0.001;O = 3.6 ± 0.6 vs. 3.8 ± 0.6, p = 0.013) as well as in overweight females(2.0 ± 0.3 vs. 2.3 ± 0.4, p < 0.001). VO2 peak in the first ventilatory threshold(VT1) increased for all 4 interventions in males(p < 0.05), except for S in the obese group(1.6 ± 0.2 vs. 1.7 ± 0.3, p = 0.141). In females, it increased in E(0.9 ± 0.2 vs. 1.4 ± 0.3, p < 0.001), SE(0.9 ± 0.2 vs. 1.2 ± 0.4, p = 0.003), and PA(0.9 ± 0.1 vs. 1.2 ± 0.2, p = 0.006) in overweight groups. Time-to-exhaustion improved in all subjects except for females in PA group(15.7 ± 0.3 min vs. 15.9 ± 0.3 min, p = 0.495).Conclusion: Our results suggest that all methods, including the recommendation of physical activity, can improve cardiovascular fitness in overweight subjects and obese males.
文摘Introduction: Red beet juice is increasingly used in sports to enhance the endurance of athletes. To increase the specific efficiency of red beet juice, the method of its fractionation by ultrafiltration was used for the first time. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of fractionated beetroot juice on the strength and endurance of laboratory rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats (6 groups;n = 10) were used in the study. In addition to the standard chow, some groups of rats 2 h before the exercises received 0.5 ml of native (RBJ) or fractionated (FRBJ) per os. Three groups of animals were trained using a motorized wheel with a gradual speed increase over four weeks: 20 min/day for five days a week. Muscle strength of animals in all groups was measured by electronic dynamometry and the endurance of rats was evaluated once a week using electrical stimulation on a racetrack which moved at a speed of 15 m/min. The test was performed an hour after the ingestion of RBJ or FRBJ. At the end of the experiment, biochemical blood indices were determined. FRBJ was prepared by the original method. Results: Most significant differences in the chemical composition of RBJ and FRBJ were found for glutamic acid, of which the content was 67.2% higher than in native juice. The greatest changes during the experiment were in the mass of the rats’ calf muscles. Regular running exercise caused a 29% increase in muscle mass. The additional increase in m. gastrocnemius was also provided y FRBJ – 12%. The combination of physical activity and the introduction of red beet derivate led to the increase of the calf muscle mass by 121% within a month. Assessing the endurance of animals by frequency of falling from the treadmill, we can conclude that compared with untrained animals, trained rats receiving FRBJ had three times higher levels of endurance. Conclusion: Consumption of FRBJ led to increased muscle strength in rats and the ergogenic effect of the product was significantly higher in combination with physical activity.
文摘目的:运用Meta分析的方法检验同期耐力与力量训练对不同人群的最大摄氧量(VO_(2max))以及纵跳、上下肢力量(1RM)的影响,从而提出最优的运动干预方案。方法:检索中国知网、PubMed、Web of Science、万方等数据库,检索时限为各数据库建库至2020年10月。运用Review Manager 5.4对最终纳入的15篇外文文献通过不同角度分析,对409名受试者所得到的数据采用固定效应模型和随机效应模型进行整体效应、异质性、发表偏倚性检验。结果:同期耐力与力量训练能够提高最大摄氧量,但与传统耐力训练相比提高的水平相对较低;同期训练对上下肢的整体力量无显著性影响,腿举、腿屈伸、深蹲的合并效应量及其95%CI分别为8.47[-3.95,20.88]、2.46[-11.34,9.73],-0.81[-2.72,7.64],P>0.1;同期训练对纵跳的影响未达到显著性水平,MD=0.44,95%CI[-0.97,1.85],P>0.05。结论:同期耐力与力量训练可以提高机体的最大摄氧量。在运动训练中,相比传统的单独耐力或力量训练,同期训练能够在维持机体力量水平的基础上,同时发展耐力等其他基本素质。因此,相对于单独力量或耐力训练来说,对身体素质的增益有更好的效果;同期耐力与力量训练对爆发力以及整体力量的影响较小,保持8-12周的训练周期以及每周两三次的训练,可达到训练效果的最优化。
文摘目的探索同期力量和耐力训练(以下简称“同期训练”)对中老年人骨骼肌适应性的影响,并分析不同训练频率、总量对骨骼肌影响的差异。方法在PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Scopus、中国知网等数据库中检索相关文献,通过Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具对纳入文献进行方法学质量评价,利用Stata 15.1软件对纳入数据进行统计学分析。结果共纳入文献18篇,样本总量为764人。meta分析结果显示,同期训练在静态力量、瘦体质量等方面的效应显著高于力量训练。亚组分析结果显示:当训练频率由每周2次增加到3次时,同期训练组瘦体质量增长显著高于力量训练组;当同期训练组与力量训练组接受等量力量训练时,同期训练组下肢最大力量显著高于力量训练组。结论同期训练能够更有效地提升中老年人的静态力量、动态力量以及瘦体质量,肌肉适应性未受耐力训练影响。训练频率未对下肢力量产生差异影响,而每周3次同期训练更有利于降低体脂。在力量训练总量相等的条件下,同期训练对下肢力量提升的效率高于单纯力量训练。
文摘目的:采用Meta分析方法检验呼吸肌训练(Respiratory Muscle Training RMT)对运动员呼吸肌力量及有氧耐力表现相关指标的影响,并对其生理机制进行探析。方法:通过CNKI、Web of Science、Google Scholar、PubMed数据库,筛选了21篇文献纳入Meta分析。运用stata15.1软件对纳入文献进行数据合并、异质性检验等。结果:Meta分析结果显示,呼吸肌训练对呼吸肌力量效应量为:吸气肌力量[SMD=-0.83,95%CI(-1.04,-0.63),P<0.01],呼气肌力量[SMD=-0.43,95%CI(-0.68,-0.18),P<0.05];对有氧耐力效应量为:12min跑距[SMD=-0.83,95%CI(-1.39,-0.27),P<0.01],运动至力竭[SMD=-0.54,95%CI(-0.90,-0.18),P<0.01],YO-YO测试[SMD=-1.03,95%CI(-1.49,-0.56),P<0.01],计时定距离[SMD=-0.76,95%CI(-1.26,-0.25),P<0.01]均具有显著提升作用。结论:RMT可以明显提高运动员的呼吸肌力量和有氧耐力。一天2次,6-10次/周、持续8周抗阻训练对吸气肌力量效果显著。RMT提高运动能力的原因在于呼吸肌代谢反射改善,肺通气功能以及肌纤维的适应。
文摘检索足球运动员力量与其它身体素质结合训练的相关文献,整合并评述结合训练的研究进展。在Web of science、PubMed、中国知网数据库检索2000———2023年发表的相关文献,依照排除和纳入标准最终得到文献36篇,其中力量结合耐力、协调、速度、灵敏的文献分别为12、5、11、8篇。研究结果显示:①在力量与耐力结合训练方面,任意负荷强度均能提升非高水平运动员的力量和心肺功能,而精英运动员则需要次极限强度的刺激才能提升其专项力量、冲刺速度、灵敏性及有氧耐力,且课内训练内容的顺序效益相近;②在力量与协调结合训练方面,先进行动态或静态协调训练可为随后的高质量力量训练奠定基础,训练安排选用板块分期模式更为有效;③在力量与速度结合训练方面,超等长与速度相结合的日间交替安排有助于提高冲刺及跳跃能力,而课内交替练习对提升跳跃、冲刺和变向能力等专项力量和速度的效果良好;④在力量与灵敏结合训练方面,日常技战术训练中采用力量与灵敏的课内交替,可以提高其跳跃、冲刺、转向及平衡能力。综上所述,可以从阶段、周、课3个层次建构足球运动员多素质相结合的训练组织与安排。
