Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital on Needle Stick Injury

Purpose: Needle-stick injury (NSI) is one of the most potential occupational hazards for healthcare workers because of the transmission of blood-borne pathogens. As per recent data, around 30 lakh healthcare workers sustain Needle stick injuries each year. This study was conducted to assess healthcare workers’ knowledge, attitude and practices regarding needle stick injury. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a Tertiary Care Hospital over the period of 3 months. The study population consisted of Intern Doctors, Post Graduate resident Doctors, Staff Nurses, laboratory technicians of Government Medical College and New Civil Hospital, Surat (n = 300). The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire via the means of Google Forms. Questionnaire was made with prior review literature. The data obtained were entered and analysed in Microsoft Excel. Results: The prevalence of NSI in our study was 46%, with a higher prevalence among the PG residents (72%). Overall scores regarding knowledge and attitude were better in PG residents (knowledge score > 7 in 71% and Attitude Score > 7 in 68% of PG Residents). Even though the PG residents scored highest in the knowledge category, the majority of them suffered needle stick injuries as a result of poor practice scores. Among those who had NSI (n = 139/300), 70% of study participants had superficial injuries, only 9% reported the incident, 18% got medical attention within 2 hours of the incident, and 7% followed up to recheck their viral markers status. Most incidents of NSI were due to hypodermic needles while recapping needles. Conclusion: Exposure to needle stick injuries and their underreporting remains a common problem. It is imperative that healthcare workers receive regular training on the proper handling of sharp objects. We can also draw the conclusion that preventing NSIs requires putting knowledge into practice.

Effect of titanium on the sticking of pellets based on hydrogen metallurgy shaft furnace:Behavior analysis and mechanism evolution

Direct reduction based on hydrogen metallurgical gas-based shaft furnace is a promising technology for the efficient and low-carbon smelting of vanadium-titanium magnetite.However,in this process,the sticking of pellets occurs due to the aggregation of metal-lic iron between the contact surfaces of adjacent pellets and has a serious negative effect on the continuous operation.This paper presents a detailed experimental study of the effect of TiO2 on the sticking behavior of pellets during direct reduction under different conditions.Results showed that the sticking index(SI)decreased linearly with the increasing TiO2 addition.This phenomenon can be attributed to the increase in unreduced FeTiO3 during reduction,leading to a decrease in the number and strength of metallic iron interconnections at the sticking interface.When the TiO2 addition amount was raised from 0 to 15wt%at 1100°C,the SI also increased from 0.71%to 59.91%.The connection of the slag phase could be attributed to the sticking at a low reduction temperature,corresponding to the low sticking strength.Moreover,the interconnection of metallic iron became the dominant factor,and the SI increased sharply with the increase in re-duction temperature.TiO2 had a greater effect on SI at a high reduction temperature than at a low reduction temperature.

Effect of Mouth Opening Training Stick Combined with Oral Massage on Mouth Opening Difficulty in Head and Neck Cancer Patients after Treatment

Objective: To study the application effect of mouth-opening training sticks combined with oral massage on patients with mouth-opening difficulty after treatment for head and neck cancer. Methods: Using convenient sampling, 60 patients with mouth-opening difficulty after treatment for head and neck cancer admitted to the Oncology Department from February 2022 to October 2023 were selected for a 2-week exercise and nursing program. The patients were divided into a control group (February 1, 2022 to November 30, 2022) and an observation group (December 1, 2022 to October 31, 2023), with 30 patients in each group. The control group underwent routine mouth-opening functional exercises combined with cork for oral support training, while the observation group underwent routine mouth-opening functional exercises combined with oral massage and mouth-opening training sticks for oral support training. The mouth-opening degree, mouth-opening difficulty level, comfort level, compliance, and quality of life were observed in both groups. Results: Before the intervention, there were no statistically significant differences in mouth-opening degree and mouth-opening difficulty level between the two groups (P > 0.05). After the intervention, the mouth-opening degree, mouth-opening difficulty level, oral comfort level, compliance, and QLICP-HN scores in the observation group were all better than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of mouth-opening training sticks and oral massage with mouth-opening functional exercises can effectively improve the degree of mouth-opening difficulty, enhance oral comfort, increase compliance with mouth-opening exercises, and improve quality of life.

闭合复位内固定联合joy stick操纵杆技术治疗儿童难复性肱骨髁上骨折效果观察

目的观察闭合复位内固定联合joy stick操纵杆技术治疗儿童难复性肱骨髁上骨折的临床效果。方法选择因“肘关节外伤后肿痛伴活动受限”入院患儿4例,均诊断为GartlandⅢ型肱骨髁上骨折,均采用闭合复位内固定联合joy stick操纵杆技术治疗。结果4例患儿均获得满意复位,无一例转为切开复位,平均手术时间66 min,住院时间均<5 d。出院后规律复查换药,1月后均恢复良好,骨折线对位满意,未出现感染等短期并发症,拔除克氏针。结论Joy stick操纵杆技术不仅可以更加准确地控制肱骨轴的旋转,还能更快地获得复位和维持复位,进针顺利,手术时间短,减少转为切开复位,降低手术难度,且未增加围手术期并发症。

Modeling and simulation of solvent behavior and temperature distribution within long stick propellants with large web thickness undergoing drying

Drying is a complicated physical process which involves simultaneous heat and mass transfer in the removal of solvents inside propellants.Inappropriate drying techniques may result in the formation of a hard skin layer near the surface to block the free access of most solvent through for long stick propellants with large web thickness,which lead to lower drying efficiency and worse drying quality.This study aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of drying process and clarify the mechanism of the blocked layer near the propellant surface.A new three-dimensional coupled heat and mass transfer(3D-CHMT)model was successfully developed under transient conditions.The drying experiment results show that the 3DCHMT model could be applied to describe the drying process well since the relative error of the content of solvent between simulation and experiment values is only 5.5%.The solvent behavior simulation demonstrates that the mass transfer process can be divided into super-fast(SF)and subsequent minorfast(MF)stages,and the SF stage is vital to the prevention of the blocked layer against the free access for solvent molecules inside propellant grains.The effective solvent diffusion coefficient(Deff)of the propellant surface initially increases from 3.4×10^(-6)to 5.3×10^(-6)m^(2)/s as the temperature increases,and then decreases to 4.1×10^(-8)m^(2)/s at 60-100 min.The value of Deffof surface between 0-1.4 mm has a unique trend of change compared with other regions,and it is much lower than that of the internal at100 min under simulation conditions.Meanwhile,the temperature of the propellant surface increases rapidly at the SF stage(0-100 min)and then very slowly thereafter.Both the evolution of Deffand temperature distribution demonstrate that the blocked layer near the propellant surface has been formed in the time period of approximately 0-100 min and its thickness is about 1.4 mm.To mitigate the formation of blocked layer and improve its drying quality of finial propellant products effectively,it should be initially dried at lower drying temperature(30-40℃)in 0-100 min and then dried at higher drying temperature(50-60℃)to reduce drying time for later drying process in double base gun propellants.The present results can provide theoretical guidance for drying process and optimization of drying parameters for long stick propellants with large web thickness.

An Artificial Intelligence Algorithm for the Real-Time Early Detection of Sticking Phenomena in Horizontal Shale Gas Wells

Sticking is the most serious cause of failure in complex drilling operations.In the present work a novel“early warning”method based on an artificial intelligence algorithm is proposed to overcome some of the known pro-blems associated with existing sticking-identification technologies.The method is tested against a practical case study(Southern Sichuan shale gas drilling operations).It is shown that the twelve sets of sticking fault diagnostic results obtained from a simulation are all consistent with the actual downhole state;furthermore,the results from four groups of verification samples are also consistent with the actual downhole state.This shows that the pro-posed training-based model can effectively be applied to practical situations.

考虑桩土间黏滑机制的桩基沉降动态特性研究

基于桩基运动控制方程,对荷载作用下的桩基沉降动态特性进行了研究。首先,考虑桩土间黏滞与滑动两种接触状态,建立了一种考虑侧阻软化及侧阻恢复的桩土相互作用模型;然后采用该模型及修正三折线模型分别模拟桩与桩侧土以及桩端土间的相互作用,结合有限差分法建立了考虑桩土间黏滑机制的桩基沉降分析方法;最后,基于建立的桩基受荷沉降分析方法,研究了桩基沉降的黏滑动态特性以及桩身的力学特性,并讨论了桩土相互作用模型中的参数对桩基沉降动态特性的影响。结果表明:当桩顶荷载接近桩基单级加载极限值,桩基沉降表现出黏滞位移与快速滑动位移交替的动态特性;桩身力学响应表现出加载路径相关性,与单级加载相比,分级加载时桩侧摩阻力能得到更好发挥,桩基极限承载力更高;提出的分析方法能够较好地模拟桩基静载试验沉降过程。

“三把半香”与袍哥精神世界的塑造

敬拜“三把半香”是袍哥精神和仪式的重要组成部分。关于“三把半香”的文字与口头传播,吸取了中国历史、传说和民间文化中的诸多元素。“三把半香”的信仰仪式、其中的故事人物及其传达的伦理信息,既继承了从墨子到游侠的文化传统,也显示了人们对游侠风骨的精神寄托,构成了袍哥伦理说教的组成部分,是稳固袍哥组织、加强袍哥身份认同以及进行袍哥内部控制的行之有效的工具。这种工具从中国的历史传说中得到了养料,使得他们团结一心。这种共同的信仰,成为这个组织的粘黏合剂,将袍哥的信仰与仪式规范结合了起来。袍哥之开山立堂,行走江湖,敬拜“三把半香”,成为袍哥的精神支柱和共同教条。

基于反相高效液相色谱法的面团黏性与小麦醇溶蛋白组成关系研究

以74份不同黏性等级的小麦品种(系)为研究材料,采用反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)法分离不同黏性小麦品种的醇溶蛋白特征图谱,并进行面团黏性、醇溶蛋白组分含量与小麦面粉品质性状的相关性分析,以期建立采用少样本量快速准确识别面团黏性的方法。结果表明,经RP-HPLC分离后,ω-、α/β-和γ-醇溶蛋白3个组分在图谱上清晰可见;不同黏性等级小麦材料的醇溶蛋白得到了不同的特征图谱,黏性较大的小麦ω-醇溶蛋白的组分峰数较多,总峰面积较大;ω-醇溶蛋白在不同黏性等级小麦材料间存在显著差异。相关性分析结果表明,面团黏性与ω-醇溶蛋白相对含量呈极显著正相关,与α/β-和γ-醇溶蛋白相对含量相关性不显著;ω-醇溶蛋白相对含量与沉淀值、形成时间、稳定时间、能量、拉伸阻力和最大拉伸阻力均呈极显著负相关,与蛋白质、湿面筋含量均呈显著正相关,与弱化度呈极显著正相关;ɑ/β-醇溶蛋白相对含量与蛋白质、湿面筋含量均呈极显著正相关;γ-醇溶蛋白相对含量与小麦各品质性状均无显著相关性。可见,面团黏性主要与ω-醇溶蛋白相对含量有关,ω-醇溶蛋白对面团质量有弱化作用。

断层接触非均匀性对米尺度断层黏滑失稳成核过程的控制

非均匀性是野外断层的重要特征,我们利用预制的具备接触非均匀性的米尺度岩石断层开展黏滑实验,模拟野外地震失稳过程.通过观测预制岩石断层发生的多个黏滑事件的应变时空演化,并对比断层接触非均匀性测定结果发现:(1)断层的接触弱段是成核最先启动,即最早发生预滑的区域,随失稳临近,预滑区域扩展且滑动速率增加,与厘米尺度均匀断层相比,准静态过程的预滑扩展不明显,向准动态过程转变突然且迅速;(2)断层的接触强段在成核期间一直处于闭锁状态,应力升高,且随失稳临近增幅加强,强段的屈服是断层从缓慢破裂到快速破裂的转折点,接触强段的持续闭锁在以往的厘米尺度均匀断层黏滑实验中较为少见;(3)加载速率以及加载历史是影响米尺度断层成核持续时间的重要因素,随加载速率变慢,成核持续时间变长,随加载历史变长,断层趋于均匀化,成核持续时间变短.上述研究结果明确提供断层接触非均匀性控制成核过程的直接证据.这不仅有助于将实验结果向可操作的地震预测实践转化,也有助于促进(大陆浅源)地震前兆机理的探索及理解.

连接界面黏滑摩擦行为的非线性载荷重构方法

提出一种连接界面黏滑摩擦行为的非线性载荷重构方法。基于非线性动力学子结构建模方法,将复杂连接结构视作线性子结构和非线性连接两部分,通过虚拟非线性激励载荷进行关联。以线性子结构为研究对象,采用两次动刚度矩阵求逆的反转技术消除传递函数的病态奇异性,建立观测点自由度和非线性连接自由度之间的传递关系。考虑连接界面黏滑摩擦行为的影响,将观测的非线性动力响应进行谐波级数展开,直接辨识连接界面的局部非线性接触载荷。利用螺栓连接梁结构的数值仿真和实验结果进行验证。结果表明:重构的虚拟非线性激励载荷能够直接反映连接界面黏滑摩擦行为的影响,并且能够有效地识别螺栓连接界面预紧性能的变化。

Power-V诱导的钻柱黏滑振动特征分析

黏滑是石油钻井过程中影响钻井效率和井下钻柱安全的一种振动形式.垂直钻井系统Power-V在提供有效控斜力的同时,还会诱导钻柱黏滑振动.通过研究垂直钻井系统Power-V与井壁的接触作用及钻头与地层的相互作用模型,基于钻柱动力学有限元方法,深入分析Power-V的作用机理,研究其对扭转振动的影响,指出Power-V和井壁间的相互作用会导致钻柱与井壁的摩阻显著增加,进而引起摩阻扭矩的增大,诱导井下黏滑振动.实测振动数据证实,Power-V与井壁间的相互作用是引起钻柱黏滑振动的关键因素.这对于揭示黏滑振动的成因和更好地发挥Power-V的作用具有重要意义.

蜜环菌人工菌棒基质碳氮比对乌天麻产量及营养品质的影响

目的分析蜜环菌人工菌棒基质碳氮比对乌天麻产量及基本营养成分含量的影响,并对乌天麻氨基酸品质进行评价。方法通过大棚内随机区组实验,测定不同种植模式下乌天麻的基本营养成分含量,对其进行单因素方差分析和多重比较,通过氨基酸评分法对乌天麻中氨基酸营养价值进行评价。结果蜜环菌人工菌棒基质碳氮比对乌天麻的产量、基本营养成分含量及氨基酸的营养品质均有显著影响;蜜环菌人工菌棒基质碳氮比为75.94时种植的乌天麻,其各项营养指标接近对照种植的乌天麻的各项营养指标,显著大于蜜环菌人工菌棒基质碳氮比为60.69、126.39时种植的乌天麻的各项营养指标。蜜环菌人工菌棒基质碳氮比为75.94时种植的乌天麻,其必需氨基酸含量与总氨基酸含量的比值为37.03%,接近40%;必需氨基酸含量与非必需氨基酸含量的比值为58.79%,接近60%;必需氨基酸的氨基酸比值、必需氨基酸的比值系数分、必需氨基酸比值系数与联合国粮食及农业组织/世界卫生组织提出的氨基酸理想模式较接近。结论利用蜜环菌人工菌棒种植乌天麻可以获得基本营养成分含量高、氨基酸丰富、必需氨基酸的组成比例相对合理、符合人体吸收利用需求、具有较高营养价值的乌天麻。

多晶硅棍状(Stick Particle)缺陷的分析与优化

阐述HK制程多晶硅P1HM步骤后的棍状(stick particle)的缺陷。因腔体作业所需条件,整个腔体侧壁与底部静电吸盘上都附着SICL4+O2生成的SIO2的coating材料,刻蚀过程中可能会有聚合物(polymer)掉落或静电吸盘吸附的晶圆背面掉落到下片导致的棍状缺陷,导致在P1LEC步骤刻蚀变为阻挡层刻蚀,P1LEC后变为Poly Block ETCH。探讨针对stick PA的解决方案。

不同梗签含量对中支卷烟品质的影响

目的:研究梗签含量对卷烟品质的影响。方法:向中支卷烟中添加不同质量比例的梗签(0.0%、1.8%、3.6%、5.4%、7.2%、9.0%、10.8%、12.6%、14.4%),检测燃烧时间、烟支密度、燃烧锥掉落倾向、物理指标和烟气指标等烟支品质相关指标。结果:少量梗签添加(1.8%、3.6%)对烟支锥头形成及掉头具有改善作用,且能够改善烟碱量、焦油、一氧化碳等烟气指标稳定性。结论:低比例梗签添加与高比例添加相比较,提高了卷烟的烟气品质。

钻柱的黏滑与高频扭转耦合振动测量与分析

钻井系统的自激扭转振动会导致钻头和地层之间的接触力或切削力相对速度出现下降特征。为减轻这种机制的影响,通过对三轴振动的时域、频域分析,研究了钻柱扭转振动特征。研究结果发现,低频的扭转振动会引发黏滑振动,黏滑振动频率为0.128 Hz,三轴振动和转速会出现周期性波动。钻柱发生高频扭转振动(HFTO)时,三轴加速度都出现了177.2 Hz的主频率。时域分析发现,切向加速度远大于轴向和法向加速度峰值,均方根值也较高,表明切向振动波动较大、能量高,说明此时井下正发生扭转振动。黏滑与HFTO发生耦合时,法向加速度会出现2个主频,即黏滑时的主频和HFTO的主频。高扭转频率会提高扭矩和机械转速导致钻具疲惫。研究结果对描述扭转振动的特征,判断钻井过程是否发生黏滑、HFTO和及时采取消除黏滑振动、缓解钻具疲惫技术措施具有指导作用。

特深井钻柱动力学特性模拟与分析

随着钻井深度不断增加,钻柱运动所涉及的力学问题变得更加复杂,钻柱动力学特性模拟及分析可为安全优质高效钻井提供支撑。为了探求特深井钻柱的运动特性,将钻柱运动的控制方程采用Newmark法对时间离散后,运用SOR节点迭代法,对每一时间步的钻柱整体构形进行求解,实现了总长超9000 m的钻柱动力学特性模拟,不仅给出了钻柱4个典型位置的涡动轨迹、涡动速度和横向加速度,还分析了钻柱的粘滑特性。分析结果表明,上部钻柱的涡动及粘滑现象不明显;随着位置下移,出现不规则涡动及不充分粘滑现象;近钻头位置的钻柱会出现较剧烈涡动,也会出现粘滑振动;中性点位置处钻柱的涡动最为剧烈、碰摩严重,可能给钻柱带来安全隐患。研究结果为特深井安全钻井提供了理论依据。

真空冷冻与热风干燥对腐竹品质特性及微观结构的影响

针对腐竹干燥易褐变导致品质变差问题,以黑龙江东北特产九三黄大豆制作的鲜腐竹为研究对象,采用真空冷冻干燥(vacuum freezing drying,VFD)和热风干燥(hot air drying,HAD)对腐竹进行干制加工,获取两种干燥方法对腐竹品质特性及微观组织结构等参数的影响。结果表明,两种干燥工艺对腐竹中蛋白质含量的影响达到显著差异水平(P<0.05),对腐竹L^(*)、a^(*)和b^(*)值的差异性影响为极显著(P<0.01)。VFD制备腐竹的蛋白质含量和脂肪含量均较高,颜色鲜亮淡黄,表面有自然油质光泽,内部组织结构较为疏松,孔隙分布均匀,VFD腐竹复水1 min时复水比达到1.90 g·g^(-1),与HAD干燥制备的腐竹相比,VFD腐竹的硬度最低、咀嚼性最好,品质均一,感官评价得分最高。综上,真空冷冻干燥适用于蛋白质含量高的腐竹干制加工。

耳穴贴压联合渐进性肌肉放松操治疗广泛性焦虑障碍患者临床疗效观察

[目的]探讨耳穴贴压联合渐进性肌肉放松操治疗对广泛性焦虑障碍患者疗效观察。[方法]选取2021年6月—2022年5月三甲医院心身科住院患者140例为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组各70例。对照组采用三位一体加中医内科护理常规,观察组在三位一体治疗加中医护理常规的基础上配合采用耳穴贴压技术结合渐进性肌肉放松操,观察两组广泛性焦虑障碍患者治疗效果。[结果]分别比较观察组和对照组患者治疗前后焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分,观察组治疗后所有评分均下降,且观察组SAS评分小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),同时治疗前后中医证候积分比较,观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]将中医耳穴贴压联合渐进性肌肉放松操两者结合,以特有的中西医结合互补模式,降低了患者对西药治疗的抗拒与恐惧,其操作易于接受,提高了治疗的依从性,取得了良好效果,值得在临床心身疾病中广泛使用。

补中益气汤联合穴位贴敷治疗术后早期炎性肠梗阻临床研究

目的 探讨补中益气汤联合穴位贴敷治疗术后早期炎性肠梗阻(EPISBO)的临床效果。方法 纳入石家庄市中医院2019年6月至2022年3月收治的EPISBO病人110例,按随机数字表法分为对照组和治疗组(n=55),所有病人给予胃肠减压、静脉液体复苏、纠正水电解质及酸碱平衡紊乱、抗感染等基础对症治疗,对照组病人在基础对症治疗的基础上给予穴位贴敷治疗,治疗组病人在对照组的基础上加服补中益气汤,治疗周期为7 d。观察两组血清白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、内毒素、血管活性肽(VIP)、一氧化氮(NO)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)水平、胃肠功能改善时间、临床疗效以及不良反应发生率。结果 治疗组总有效率(92.73%)显著高于对照组(78.18%)(P<0.05);治疗1 d、7 d后,两组血清IL-1β、内毒素水平均显著降低,且治疗组低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗1 d、7 d后,两组血清VIP、NO、NE、5-HT水平均显著降低,且治疗7 d后治疗组血清VIP、NO、NE水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气恢复时间、进食恢复时间、住院时间均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 补中益气汤联合穴位贴敷对EPISBO病人的临床疗效显著,可有效降低血清IL-1β、内毒素水平,改善胃肠功能。