Coupling and Coordination Characteristics and Influencing Factors of the Livable Environment System for the Elderly in China

The construction of a livable environment for the elderly is an important measure to address the challenges of aging and improve their livelihood and well-being.Based on China’s national conditions and combined with the actual development needs of the cities,it is of great significance to explore the coupling and coordination characteristics and influencing factors within the livable environment system for the elderly for the coordination and stable development.This article was based on the three subsystems of’living service environment,socioeconomic environment and ecological livable environment’,following the research framework of’process-pattern-trend-impact’,constructs an evaluation index system for the livable environment for the elderly.Entropy weight-TOPSIS evaluation model,coupling coordination degree model,center of gravity and standard deviation ellipse model and the geographic detector model were used starting from the evolution of coupling coordination types to study the spatial and temporal pattern and dynamic trend characteristics and influencing factors of internal coupling coordination types in the livable environment system for the elderly from2010 to 2019.The results showed that:1)The coordinated development of life service environment system and ecological livable environment system(LE)and socioeconomic environment system and ecological livable environment system(SE)in the livable environment for the elderly decreased from the intermediate coordination level coordination areas to the low-level quality improvement and optimization areas:coordinated transition type.The overall development level of life service environment system and socioeconomic environment system(LS)was low,and it was always at a low level.2)The coupling degree of livable environment system for the elderly was high,the coupling coordination type shown a gradually decreasing layer structure with Zhejiang,Beijing and Guangdong high-level leading demonstration areas as the axis belt.3)The coupling coordination center of the elderly livable environment system was located in Henan,and the standard deviation ellipse was distributed in the northeast-southwest direction.The development center and the ellipse of the high-level leading demonstration areas and the intermediate coordination level areas were concentrated in the central and eastern regions,while the low-level coordination areas for improving quality and efficiency are mainly located in the western region.4)Urban development,green facilities,infrastructure,government macroscopic regulation and control,economic stimulus,and housing construction were all important factors affecting the coordinated development of the livable environment system for the elderly,exerting a varying degree of effect on the level of coordinated development of various types of systems.

Renovation of Outdoor Environment in Old Residential Communities Suitable for the Elderly against the Background of Population Aging

More old residential communities have become unsuitable for the elderly because of the aging of outdoor physical environment and functional degradation. This paper investigated behaviors and mental activities of the elderly, problems of outdoor environment in old residential communities, and proposed strategies for the renovation of old residential communities from the perspectives of outdoor environment, road, greening and public supporting facilities according to demands of the elderly on outdoor environment, so as to provide them a comfortable and reasonable outdoor environment.

Reflections on the Improvement of Rural Human Settlement Environment from the Perspective of Beauty and Livability

The construction of beautiful and livable villages is one of the important tasks of ruralrevitalization in the new era, and the development of rural areas attaches more and more importanceto the improvement of human settlement environment. By investigating the construction status andexisting problems of Zhaoba Village in Nanjing, it tries to take “beauty” and “livability” as the planningrequirements. The village positioning is planned accurately, and the functional layout is carried outreasonably. According to the characteristic industries, landscape features and infrastructure of ZhaobaVillage, humanized construction strategies are put forward, thus improving the quality of human settlementenvironment in Zhaoba Village.

Livable and Ecological Theory of Chinese Classical Gardens and the Planning of Modern Eco-residential Community

With some modern communities in Suzhou as the example,this paper mainly expounded the application of the artistic techniques of landscapes in the planning of modern landscape-type eco-residential communities according to the classical livable and ecological theory in Yuan Ye(an ancient book of garden design in China).It was learnt that there were many inner links between the livable and ecological theory of classical Chinese gardens and the planning of modern eco-residential communities.Ecological community is a new-type inhabitation model which represents the future development direction of dwelling construction in China and the main type of ecological communities.Classical Suzhou-style gardens are the representation of gardens in southern Yangtze River as well as the classical livable environment in China.Both of the above two residential models emphasize the harmonious unification between human and nature as well as the sustainable development,and lay their cores on the livability and the harmony with the nature.

Livable Environment Design in Superfluous Things

Superfluous Things, written by scholar Wen Zhenheng in the Ming Dynasty, is regarded as the encyclopedia on Chinese ancient landscape architecture and environmental design. It analyzed Chinese traditional garden systematically and comprehensively. This study emphasizes the contemporary value of the principles and methods in Superfluous Things. According to the book, 2 key environmental building principles that can be applied into modern landscape design have been put forward:(1) artificiality should fit with natural conditions;(2) less without reduction. Based on these, a coupling point on the practice and research of building a sustainable and friendly environment has been found, which combines natural resources, human needs, economic benefits and cultural factors.

What the Hell Am I Doing Here？ A Look at a Series of Geriatric Centers, Profile of the Institutionalized Persons and Reasons for Admission

The main objective of this study was always to know the profile of the institutionalized people in our environment, to know their reality： age, age of admission, level of dependency and evolution during their stay, years of stay, number of children, reason for admission. We use data from more than 600 patients from different residences of different backgrounds： public and private, lay and religious, rural and urban. We performed a descriptive study expressing the results in percentages with standard deviation and later evaluated the statistical significance of the differences using the student＇s t-test for the quantitative and Chi-square variables to compare qualitative variables. The results of the study are numerous and of diverse nature, because of their extension, from the general profile of the resident, to the important gender differences, attributed in principle to the different roles of each gender in the studied generations. There are also differences depending on the funding, the reason for admission or the environment. This is at the end only the beginning of a large comparative study with non-institutionalized population, in order to compare this population.

Research on Ecological Livable Urban Construction in Small and Medium Cities of China——A Case Study of Huaihua City

The paper has analyzed the concept of ecological livable city,considered that small and medium cities as the major pattern of China's urbanization are more likely to become ecological livable cities compared with large cities.Based on the actual situation of Huaihua City,it has pointed out its advantages in transport,ecology,foundation and national characteristic,and analyzed existing problems in the construction of ecological livable city from the perspective of urban eco-environment.It considers that its urban ecological planning is to be perfect,urban environment pollution is still serious and people's consciousness for environmental protection is to be improved.On this basis,relevant suggestions have been proposed for ecological livable urban construction in Huaihua City,emphasizing it should perfect urban ecological planning,enhance environmental pollution treatment,intensify environmental protection education,and improve people's consciousness for environmental protection.

Planning for a Healthy City: The Influence of Built Environment on Elderly's Body Mass Index

The influence of the built environment on human health has attracted increasing attention. Given that the elderly have been an integral part in China, the built environment not only influences their health, but also influences the life and work of their children, thus resulting in social problems. Based on questionnaire obtained data on the elderly people in Chongqing, an ordinal multi-categorical regression model is established to analyze the influence of built environment on the leisure and physical activities(especially walking) that the elderly participated in, and the influence on their Body Mass Index(BMI). The results show that, in addition to age and preference for high-calorie diet, whether there is convenient access to leisure and fitness places from where they live, and the corresponding distance in-between are significantly related to the BMI of the elderly. Particularly, the best distance range is less than 1,000 m, within which leisure and fitness places have significant impact on the BMI of the elderly and the influence shows distance decay. In the last section of this paper, according to the conclusion, proposals are put forward for the optimization of the built environment.

Study on the challenge and influence of the built thermal environment on elderly health in rural areas:Evidence from Shandong,China

Elderly health is increasingly recognized as a worldwide challenge with the continuous social aging trend.This study aimed to investigate the thermal conditions of the elderly in rural areas of Shandong,China.The thermal sensation and physiological response performances of elderly participants were examined in their own houses.Results show a clear seasonal pattern in cardiovascular disease mortality,cold stress increases the cardiovascular disease risk.The coal-based stoves serve as the main source of home heating and their limited coverage of the room area gave rise to poor quality of thermal comfort.The analysis of skin temperature for those under 65 and above did not reveal any significant difference in response to different indoor temperatures.The regression results confirm that a colder home leads to a rising value of the elderly’s systolic blood pressure,rising by more than 1 mmHg for every 1℃decrease in indoor temperature and thus posing a greater risk of cardiovascular diseases.The systolic blood pressure value of older subjects rise more when they are exposed to decreasing indoor temperatures,possibly due to an age-related decline in their ability to maintain stability of blood pressure.It is noteworthy that the average blood velocity of older subjects reduces less in response to decreasing indoor temperatures,indicating a weakened capacity to resist cold stress and its associated high risk of hypertension.This investigation provides evidence in favor of improving the thermal environment of the elderly and reducing their risk of cardiovascular diseases.

How Urban Green Space Attracts the Elderly:A Preliminary Study on the Relationship Between External Environmental Characteristics and the Frequency of Use

A high-grade green space environment will provide necessary environmental support to the outdoor activities of disadvantaged groups including the elderly and is thus helpful for promoting their physical activity level and life quality.This paper takes the urban area of Dalian City as an example and divides the external environmental characteristics of a green space into three aspects including the diversity degree of facilities,the richness level of street functions,and the mixing degree of land use.Based on the data of a survey on activities by elderly in green space,the paper conducts an in-depth study on the statistical correlation between the external environmental characteristics of green space and the frequency of use by the elderly.The study shows that diversified facility types around a green space are conducive to a rise in the frequency of use of this space by the elderly,out of which the effect of functional facilities such as school and food market is the most significant.In addition,being adjacent to streets full of daily life or being mixed with residential land use will increase the frequency of use of the green space by the elderly.This paper puts forward certain environmental upgrading strategies for green space from the perspective of external environmental characteristics in order to help build up green space that is use-friendly to the elderly.

Measuring the spatial quality of bedrooms in nursing homes with visual environmental performance

The elderly's perception of their environment largely depends on acquired visual information.This study provides a quantitative analytical method for designing bedrooms in nursing homes by developing a computational model that uses viewing distance,viewing angle,and viewing field as variables.The model is utilized to measure a range of visual environmental properties,including privacy,accessibility,permeability,and visibility,which reflect the quality of bedrooms in nursing homes.The suitability levels of bedroom planes for the elderly and their main living functions as well as the fitting degree of the functional layout are calculated based on these data.After validating the computational moders feasibility,this study optimizes the typical schemes of single and double rooms in nursing homes.Results reveal certain advantages of the arrangement where bathroom doors are set toward the inside of the bedroom and double rooms have a large width.The computational model can be used in measuring the spatial quality of bedrooms in nursing homes and as a mathematical model for related algorithm design and software programming to assist in the design and optimization of bedrooms for the elderly.

宜居视角下莆田城市住区规划研究

本文通过对莆田市城市住区现状本底和地域特色情况进行解析,从构建宜居住区的视角出发,分别对莆田市城中村、旧居住区、新建住区以及保障性住房提出统筹规划,以期改善城市面貌,继承历史文脉,提升城市特色和品质,塑造高品质人居环境,满足人们对美好生活的向往。

适老宜幼视角下老旧小区公共空间改造策略

适老宜幼视角下,探索老幼代际良性互动的空间体系构建,是老旧社区提质改造的目标之一。系统地分析了老幼人群的共性需求和行为特征,找出了老旧小区在交通安全、休憩娱乐设施、无障碍通行、绿化环境等方面与老幼人群需求的不匹配问题。立足“老幼友好”“代际共融”理念,从提升交通条件、改造活动空间、优化无障碍环境、改善绿化景观等方面提出老旧小区的改造策略,力求打造出安全、舒适、便利、无障碍的高品质宜居环境。

宜居城市环境品质提升关键问题与研究路径

我国城市已迈入以品质提升为主的转型发展新阶段,宜居环境建设成为城市发展的新理念、新目标。本文介绍了“城市可度量、居民能感知、方法更本土、技术高融合”的城市环境品质提升策略与路线,重点阐述了“宜居城市环境品质评价和提升的本土化理论方法”“城市道路慢行系统与空间环境的适应性改造”“城市声、光、热环境品质的协同提升”与“城市宜居环境综合品质预测模型及应用”四大关键问题,以期构筑“新标尺”,支撑对城市环境品质的精确测度与科学提升。此外,本研究还就数智技术驱动下城市环境品质提升模式的创新与变革进行了探讨。

人口密度与城市宜居性关系的一般性规律探索

建设宜居的生活环境是人类社会实践一直追求的目标,而优化城市人口密度是改善城市宜居环境的重要途径。本文在梳理相关学科理论基础上,以中国城市和美国城市作为主要研究案例,比较不同情境下人口密度与城市宜居性关系的研究结果,总结人口密度和城市宜居性的关系规律。研究发现,在低密度情境下,提高人口密度有助于缩短出行时耗,减少空气污染,提高居民身体健康水平和主观幸福感;而在高密度情境下,提高人口密度却会延长出行时耗,加剧空气污染,损害居民身体健康水平和主观幸福感。基于此,本文认为在兼顾低密度和高密度情境下,人口密度与城市宜居性之间的关系应遵循更具一般性的倒U型规律,即在低密度情境下,提高人口密度有助于增加城市宜居性;而在高密度情境下,提高人口密度则会降低城市宜居性。

江苏省城乡融合发展:实践经验、评价分析与改进建议

推进城乡融合发展是现代化进程的必然要求。江苏省在探索城乡融合发展实践中发现,苏南地区存在农村土地集约化经营规模小、违规占用土地现象突出等问题;苏北地区存在城乡发展差距较大、部分农村出现“过疏化”现象、土地被动流转等问题。江苏省要通过创建优化资源市场化配置的新机制,率先推出农村承包土地流转制度,大力发展农业生产,加快农村居民集中定居点建设,加大招商引资力度,引进创业人才,从而推动城乡融合快速发展。

人口高质量发展指数构建与国际评价研究

近半个世纪以来全球和中国的人口形势都发生了巨大变化,运用科学而简明的指标体系评价人口高质量发展状况及趋势有利于全球共同科学应对人口新常态对社会经济产生的巨大影响。在中国式现代化语境中,人口高质量发展的基本理论内涵是指人口总量、素质、结构和分布等要素有力支撑现代化发展和有助于实现人类自身的全面发展。运用专家咨询法和熵权法,从人口现代化发展和人的全面发展2个维度、5个分维度共选择12个指标构建人口高质量发展指数。实证研究显示人口素质、人口经济发展、人口生活质量、人口宜居环境、全民共享发展的最终权重系数分别为0.398 9、0.299 6、0.102 8、0.130 5和0.068 2。据此对世界有数据可得的国家和地区人口高质量发展情况进行测算,结果爱尔兰得分排名第一,中国排名第四十六。人口高质量发展指数均值由高到低依次为欧洲、大洋洲、北美洲、南美洲、亚洲和非洲。发达国家的人口高质量发展水平普遍高于发展中国家和最不发达国家。研究构建的人口高质量指数与既有相关国际指标具有一定的区分度,体现了人口高质量发展方面中国开放式的自主话语体系。世界人口高质量发展区域失衡与存在差异的关键影响因素仍然是经济发展水平。人口素质和人口经济发展是我国人口高质量发展的相对优势所在。

乡村振兴战略下农村生态环境治理路径探析

良好的生态环境是农村最宝贵的财富,也是乡村振兴的支撑点。乡村振兴的一项重要基础性工作,就是农村生态环境治理。目前存在着农村生态环境治理共同体意识淡薄、农村生态环境治理理念有待创新、农村生态环境治理法律体系不够完善和农村生态环境治理技术支持仍需加强等困境,针对当前困境,围绕生态环境治理主体、治理理念、法律体系和环境治理技术支持等方面探究生态环境治理路径,着力解决农村生态环境治理中遇到的难题,不断提升治理能力和水平,有利于加快建设宜居宜业和美乡村的步伐。

沙田镇西太隆河流域综合整治工程设计方案研究

东莞市经济快速发展的同时,西太隆河流域内水环境建设滞后。为改善流域内生态环境,亟需实施流域综合整治工程,工程主要分为水安全、水环境、水景观和智慧水务4个部分。水安全方面因地制宜建设复合型生态护岸;水环境方面对淤积河道进行清淤疏浚;水景观方面通过打造节点景观和万里碧道来构建生态廊道;智慧水务方面着力构建流域立体水务信息采集系统。通过对不同子项工程的治理措施及设计方案进行研究,工程实践表明,项目的实施可有效改善流域环境,促进宜居水岸打造。

人才集聚对城市宜居性的影响机制和空间效应研究

在深入实施人才强国战略与稳步推动高质量发展的背景下,研究人才集聚对城市宜居性的影响具有重要意义。文章从城市的基础教育、医疗卫生、娱乐生活、市政设施和环境质量五个维度,构建了城市宜居性的综合指标,并基于2000-2020年260个地级及以上城市面板数据,采用面板固定效应模型和空间计量模型研究人才集聚对城市宜居性的影响。结果显示,人才集聚显著提升了城市宜居水平,且存在正向的空间溢出效应。机制分析发现,人才集聚通过驱动财政收入的增加进而促进城市宜居水平提升。调节效应显示,市场环境、创新环境和金融环境三个维度的营商环境,会放大人才集聚对城市宜居水平的促进作用。文章提出了强化人才集聚效应、加强财政支出倾斜、优化城市营商环境以推动宜居城市建设的政策建议。