Navigating interdisciplinary research:Historical progression and contemporary challenges

Interdisciplinary research plays a crucial role in addressing complex problems by integrating knowledge from multiple disciplines.This integration fosters innovative solutions and enhances understanding across various fields.This study explores the historical and sociological development of interdisciplinary research and maps its evolution through three distinct phases:pre-disciplinary,disciplinary,and post-disciplinary.It identifies key internal dynamics,such as disciplinary diversification,reorganization,and innovation,as primary drivers of this evolution.Additionally,this study highlights how external factors,particularly the urgency of World War II and the subsequent political and economic changes,have accelerated its advancement.The rise of interdisciplinary research has significantly reshaped traditional educational paradigms,promoting its integration across different educational levels.However,the inherent contradictions within interdisciplinary research present cognitive,emotional,and institutional challenges for researchers.Meanwhile,finding a balance between the breadth and depth of knowledge remains a critical challenge in interdisciplinary education.

Tourism Development Mode of Historical and Cultural Blocks from the Perspective of Urban Renewal Based on Online Review Data:A Case Study of Nanluoguxiang in Beijing

Under the background of urban renewal, this paper re-explores the tourism development modeof Nanluoguxiang historical and cultural block based on online review data, and puts forward correspondingdevelopment strategies. As a cultural label of a city, historical and cultural blocks should be updated first inorder to achieve sustainable development. By using multi-source big data review and qualitative researchmethods, the perception evaluation of tourists in Nanluoguxiang is obtained, and the shortcomings ofcurrent tourism development mode are analyzed. Furthermore, corresponding improvement strategies andsuggestions are put forward, in order to provide some effective ideas for the sustainable development ofhistorical and cultural blocks in the future.

Pedestrian street and its effect on economic sustainability of a historical Middle Eastern city:The case of Chaharbagh Abbasi in Isfahan,Iran

Pedestrianization is an urban revitalization strategy to enhance sustainability and livability in car-oriented cities.Despite many studies in this research field,the effects of pedestrianization on the economy of cities in developing countries still need further investigation.Additionally,the impact of this strategy on the tenant mix of com-mercial and historical areas in Middle East countries is nebulous.To address these inadequacies,we considered Chaharbagh Abbasi street,located in the heart of Isfahan,Iran,and investigated the impact of a pedestrianization project with particular emphasis on how it affects the economic sustainability of existent commercial fabric.Pre-and post-project data along with field observations and quantifications used to assess structural replacements in trade,were analyzed with SPSS and ArcGIS software.The results revealed unexpected outcomes,such as the closure of some traditional businesses(27.5%),a stagnation in sales(69%)and a decrease in job offers(84%)leading the local economy to a fragile situation.Conversely,it was found that the footfall volume increased by 64% and 73% from the retailers’and pedestrians’viewpoints.This evolution along with a wide opening of food and beverage stores(approximately 60%)makes the post-pedestrianization results more promising than earlier predictions.In conclusion,these findings reinforce the importance of pedestrian streets in revitalizing economic activities in historical and commercial areas from the perspective of economic sustainability.Due to the lack of similar investigations in Middle East countries,these findings can support decision-makers and urban planners to take preventive measures in preserving the diversity of individual small shops for upcoming urban rehabilitation projects in terms of pedestrianization.

Historical Enlightenment of the Development of Traditional Maritime Powers in the World

In the rise process of the western powers,the ocean undoubtedly plays a very important role. It has become a universal " iron law" in the development history of the world powers to rise to the sea and fall behind it. It is a pioneering undertaking for China to build a characteristic maritime power,which could not " simply replicate" and " forcibly graft" the customary pattern of the western traditional maritime powers formed in hundreds of years.A number of experiences accumulated by the world's traditional maritime powers in the historical process of " going to the sea" are worth summarizing and learning,and it will give us a lot of historical enlightenment.

Historical Medical Exchanges Following the Confluence of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine:Coexistence and Mutual Development

This article examines the overall characteristics of historical medical exchanges between China and foreign countries,analyzing their contribution to the development of medicines in the world.It presents a summary of historical experiences of the development of medicines through mutual exchanges.It also provides an objective analysis of the effects of the eastward dissemination of Western medicine on traditional Chinese medicine.The history of their exchanges can be used as a mirror for each to learn from the other’s strengths to offset their own weakness,and achieve the coordinated and balanced development of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.Such balanced development would enable the world’s medicinal systems to thrive and protect the health of people worldwide.

Protection and Development of Dongguan Historical and Cultural Block in Yangzhou

Dongguan Street in Yangzhou is a block composed of ancient buildings left over from theMing and Qing Dynasties.Three major gardens in Yangzhou,Ge Garden,Ho Family Garden and XieGarden,are located in the block.Due to the proximity to Dongguan ancient ferry,a large number ofgardens gathered forming the famous Dongguan Street in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.The protectionand restoration of Dongguan Street should focus on not only the preservation and restoration of historicalrelics,but also the maintenance and renewal of traditional cultural environment,to make the new functionsand vitality adapt to its characteristics.Moreover,historical towns and blocks will maintain harmonious andunifi ed development,and adapt to the sustainable development of Yangzhou City.

Analyzing the Revitalization Strategies of Historical Fabric with the Approach of Endogenous Development Case Study (1, 2 &3 Regional of Zahedan City)

Internal development is applying of all the power and existing potential and actual capacities in the city to achieve sustainable and urban participation, and improves all social, physical, economic, and political structures to achieve a sustainable quality and quantity equilibrium. The policy of urban development in the world is to improve the productivity and optimization of land use and the possibility of infill development and improving access of city distressed fabric habitants to urban and social services. In this regard, the present study of Analysis of vitalization strategies of historical fabric with the approach of endogenous development Case study (1, 2 & 3 regional of Zahedan city). The research method is analytic-descriptive and based on library, documentary and field studies and VIKOR model has been also used for data analysis. Based on the results of VIKOR model, the 3 regional of Zahedan city with score 3 and the region 1 with a score of 0.436 were located on the highest and lowest rank. At the end, we suggested strategies according of the research result.

The evolution of auditing： An analysis of the historical development

This paper aims to analyze the development of auditing. It is found that auditing has evolved through a number of stages. In the mid 1800s to early 1900s, the audit practice was considered as ＂traditional conformance role of auditing＂. However, for the past 30 years, the auditor has been playing an ＂enhancing role＂. Today, auditors are expected not only to enhance the credibility of the financial statement, but also to provide value-added services. Nevertheless, following extensive reform in various countries as a result of the collapse of big corporations, it is expected that the role of auditors will converge. It is evident that the paradigm about auditing has shifted over the years and it is likely to continue shifting in the future.

Brief introduction to the historical development and therapeutic effects of cupping therapy in traditional Chinese medicine

Cupping therapy (CT) is an ancient traditional and complementary medicine practice. Recently, there has been a growing evidence of its potential benefits in the treatment of various diseases. The CT has been constantly developing with the emergence of various modern and improved cupping devices. It is now evident that cupping could adjust the Qi, blood, Yin and Yang, dredge the meridian, as well as relieve the effect of illness, achieve fitness and relative equilibrium of Yin-Yang. It exerts its effects through the negative pressure suction via the mechanical and thermal stimulations, and the negative pressure effects induced by cupping. This article gives an overview of CT practice, its historical development, as well as its therapeutic effects and mechanism. Furthermore, a new and updated classification of CT was briefly introduced.

The Research on Historical Evolution and Inheritance Development of Ansai waist drum in China

This article from the perspective of sports science and sociology to explain the origin and development ofansai waist drum, analyzes the historical evolution of ansai waist drum, analysis of ansai waist drum in problems existing in the process of development, and according to the analysis and the reality put forward the countermeasures of development of ansai waist drum inheritance： transmission of ansai waist drum based on school, and innovation of art form, ＂waist drum troupe＂ building, the establishment of various rules and regulations and the drummer cultivation mechanism and strengthening network, books, magazines and other publicity and performances.

Research on the Development Trend of Chinese Traditional Music Art from the Perspectives of Aesthetic and Historical Culture

In this paper, we conduct research on the development trend of Chinese traditional music art from the perspectives of aesthetic and historical culture. In the ancient Chinese aesthetic tradition, ＂peace＂ music aesthetic of music practice has the extremely important influence, not only affect the music creation, performance, appreciation that also affect the music form and content, social function, etc. ＂peace＂ as beauty is the core of the ancient music esthetics thought, so to speak. Chinese music culture while constantly in the long course of history, the Chinese music culture of different nations, but as a precocious and has a long history of nation, he has a great ability, that is both absorb different music culture, and unified as the relatively stable whole music culture and maintain their own basic features, and distinguish it from other music culture.

Study on the Development and Protection of the Historical Figures Resources in China＇s Guangxi Border Areas -- Mrs. WA Cultural Resource Is Taken for Example

Guangxi is in the southwest border of China, and Guilin landscape and ethnic customs as the two ＂trump cards＂ have been widely utilized in the communication between Guaaagxi and the outside world. In fact, Guangxi owns many cultural resources such as humanity history, characteristic diet, and local operas to be further promoted, among which historical figures resources are especially abundant. However, the development and protection of the historical figures resources are inconsistent with the current economic and social development, and feature obviously certain hysteresis. In this paper, by taking Mrs. WA who was a heroine of the Zhuang nationality to resist foreign invasions in the Ming Dynasty, the necessary development road of the historical figures resources is explored based on analyzing the current development and protection of the historical figures resources in China＇ s Guangxi border areas, and then innovative concepts and new ideas are proposed with great efforts.

Different Situations, Different Economic Institutions ---A Historical Perspective on China and India＇s Approaches to Development

Both being two developing countries with a vast territory, dense population, and centuries-old ancient civilization, China and India have many in common in natural resources, population size, historical condition, current economic issues, etc. except for regime. The competition between China and India is a typical one between economic institutions. This paper, by making a diachronic analysis on their courses of development, tries to justify the importance of adopting an economic institution suitable to the situation of a country.

Historical Conditions and Experiences Summary of China’s Human Rights Development Path Since the Founding of the PRC

Since the founding of the People’s republic of china,the path of human rights development in china has been based on national liberation and state sovereignty.The practice of human rights protection in the 30 years before the launch of reform and opening-up accumulated the conditions for the practice after the launch of reform and opening-up.reform and opening-up have provided the great motivation and opportunity for the development of human rights in china.against the background of international practice,china’s human rights development path,since the founding of the People’s republic of china,has been developed in the fight against human rights diplomacy that interferes in china’s internal affairs with human rights used as a political tool.it has gone through the process from evasion to passive counterattacks,and then actively participating and playing a leading role.The 70 years’development of human rights in china shows that human rights progress is highly dependent on the country’s construction of the rule of law,and the coordinated and comprehensive promotion of human rights protection policies promotes the overall progress of the human rights.in order to promote human rights with development,the transition from the top-down path to the combination of top-down and down-top path is suggested.

The Scientific Outlook on Development：New and Modern form of Historical Resultant Theory

The Historical Resultant Theory and The Scientific Outlook on Development are consistent in essence,with the former serving as the philosophical foundation of the latter,and the latter being the new and modern form of the former.Thorough analysis and deep understanding of the dialectical relationship of the two theories contributes a lot to promoting China's localization of Marxism and to building a harmonious socialist society,both theoretically and practically.

Voluntary Service:Contribute to the Realization of Chinese Dream——on Promoting the Development of Voluntary Service with Chinese Characteristics under New Historical Circumstance

China Volunteer Service Federation is a nationalfederated social organization composed ofvoluntary service organizations and volunteers.Since its founding in more than two years ago,by strengthening cooperation with diversifiedvoluntary service organizations at all levels,promoting the working methods innovationof voluntary service in all sectors and regions,

基于GIS-DEA-MI模型的历史文化街区可持续发展效率对比研究——以长沙太平街和成都宽窄巷子为例

对历史文化街区进行全面评价有利于发掘历史街区的潜力,为街区的可持续发展提供依据。因此,以长沙太平街和成都宽窄巷子两处历史文化街区为研究对象,创新建立基于GIS-DEA-MI模型的多维度的评价方法,对上述两处历史文化街区的空间发展效率和非空间发展效率动态变化进行比较分析,结果表明:两处历史文化街区的空间发展效率基本相同,而非空间发展效率存在明显差异的原因与历史文化街区在空间形态、经济业态、文化活态、环境生态的规划利用有关。更客观、更全面地研究历史文化街区的发展效率,以期为实现历史文化街区的保护更新和可持续发展提供支撑。

Protection and Development Strategies of Historic Town——A Case Study of the Ancient Daxu Town,Guilin,China

Historic town was stressed as an important base of succeeding local cultures and characteristics,features and modes of protecting and developing historic towns in China were studied and summarized.By taking the Ancient Daxu Town for an example,the protection of this ancient town was introduced,and deficiencies of its development were pointed out as:loss of "original" behaviors of the locals,commercial acts replacing "original" folk customs,incomplete tourist facilities,shabby traditional settlements and so on.In view of this,strategies for protecting and exploring the ancient town were proposed:properly making protection,construction and tourism planning,determining the direction of functional shift,realizing organic renovation of the old town,enhancing the planning and construction of tourist facilities,promoting the sustainable development of the ancient town;expanding the chain of tourism industry,strengthening regional integration;encouraging the locals to participate into the protection and development;applying the operation mode of "supervised by government,operated by enterprises,participated by locals".

The Research on Protection of Historical and Cultural Towns and Villages in China

After the discussion of the protection process and significance for historical and cultural towns and villages and the introduction of survey and theoretical researches on them,five modes had been divided for the protection of historical and cultural towns and villages in China,which were original appearance protection,renovated utilization protection,removal protection,antique imitation development and real estate development.It had pointed out problems existing in historical and cultural villages' protection,which were that policies and regulations were incomplete and protective measures were laggard;leaders decided blindly and neglected experts' opinions;immediate interest had been highlighted and sustainable development been overlooked,capitals were lacked and management was disordered,and the publicity was insufficient and the masses had no high protection consciousness.On this basis,it had discussed the protection of historical and cultural towns and villages in the future,emphasized the completion of regulatory system and management mechanism,enhance capital investment and publicity education,and deeply explore material cultural heritages and non-material cultural heritages in historical and cultural villages,finally further studying the theories and cases.

Global Memory Net and the development of digital image information management system: Experience and practice

Global Memory Net (GMNet) is intended to be an effective gateway to the world cultural, historical, and heritage image collections from selected academic educational and research partners in the world. Much of these unique collections of great value to education and research are not currently accessible due to distance, form, and technical barriers. This project is to find new ways to enable users to access and exploit these significant research collections via global network. As GMNet is ending its first 5-year phase in October 2005, it has contributed substantially to the community building in digital library development by ac- commodating numerous collaborators and technical staff from various parts of the world to spend 3 to 5 months as a full-member of the GMNet team in Boston. They have come from different parts of China—such as Sichuan, Hainan, Shanghai and Xi’an; Croatia; and Hanoi, Vietnam. In addition to contribute to the overall system development and enhancement of system function- alities, they have brought valuable sample image collections of their own institutions/countries, and actually developed prototype collections as a part of GMNet. This paper describes the exciting and productive experience of the first of this visiting research group in developing the GMNet’s Version 2.0 PHP-based system under Prof. Chen’s overall supervision. It also describes both the system’s technical level structure—user/Web-based application/data, and complex functionalities with multi-collection, multi-lingual, multi-modal searching capabilities; system management capabilities; as well as provisions for user uploads and retrieval for our own projects. This Version 2.0 system is built on the Linux/Apache/PHP/MySQL platform. What is described in this paper is an actual case which has formed a base for further new development by others in the research group. It demonstrates fully the value of the synergistic collaboration among global partners for universal digital library development. More information can be found in http://www.memorynet.org/.