Free vibration and critical speed of moderately thick rotating laminated composite conical shell using generalized differential quadrature method

The generalized differential quadrature method （GDQM） is employed to con- sider the free vibration and critical speed of moderately thick rotating laminated compos- ite conical shells with different boundary conditions developed from the first-order shear deformation theory （FSDT）. The equations of motion are obtained applying Hamilton＇s concept, which contain the influence of the centrifugal force, the Coriolis acceleration, and the preliminary hoop stress. In addition, the axial load is applied to the conical shell as a ratio of the global critical buckling load. The governing partial differential equations are given in the expressions of five components of displacement related to the points ly- ing on the reference surface of the shell. Afterward, the governing differential equations are converted into a group of algebraic equations by using the GDQM. The outcomes are achieved considering the effects of stacking sequences, thickness of the shell, rotating velocities, half-vertex cone angle, and boundary conditions. Furthermore, the outcomes indicate that the rate of the convergence of frequencies is swift, and the numerical tech- nique is superior stable. Three comparisons between the selected outcomes and those of other research are accomplished, and excellent agreement is achieved.

Size-dependent effect on biaxial and shear nonlinear buckling analysis of nonlocal isotropic and orthotropic micro-plate based on surface stress and modified couple stress theories using differential quadrature method

The size-dependent effect on the biaxial and shear nonlinear buckling analysis of an isotropic and orthotropic micro-plate based on the surface stress, the modified couple stress theory （MCST）, and the nonlocal elasticity theories using the differential quadrature method （DQM） is presented. Main advantages of the MCST over the classical theory （CT） are the inclusion of the asymmetric couple stress tensor and the consideration of only one material length scale parameter. Based on the nonlinear von Karman assumption, the governing equations of equilibrium for the micro-classical plate consid- ering midplane displacements are derived based on the minimum principle of potential energy. Using the DQM, the biaxial and shear critical buckling loads of the micro-plate for various boundary conditions are obtained. Accuracy of the obtained results is validated by comparing the solutions with those reported in the literature. A parametric study is conducted to show the effects of the aspect ratio, the side-to-thickness ratio, Eringen＇s nonlocal parameter, the material length scale parameter, Young＇s modulus of the surface layer, the surface residual stress, the polymer matrix coefficients, and various boundary conditions on the dimensionless uniaxial, biaxial, and shear critical buckling loads. The results indicate that the critical buckling loads are strongly sensitive to Eringen＇s nonlocal parameter, the material length scale parameter, and the surface residual stress effects, while the effect of Young＇s modulus of the surface layer on the critical buckling load is negligible. Also, considering the size dependent effect causes the increase in the stiffness of the orthotropic micro-plate. The results show that the critical biaxial buckling load increases with an increase in G12/E2 and vice versa for E1/E2. It is shown that the nonlinear biaxial buckling ratio decreases as the aspect ratio increases and vice versa for the buckling amplitude. Because of the most lightweight micro-composite materials with high strength/weight and stiffness/weight ratios, it is anticipated that the results of the present work are useful in experimental characterization of the mechanical properties of micro-composite plates in the aircraft industry and other engineering applications.

Application of the Generalized Differential Quadrature Method in Solving Burgers' Equations

The aim of this paper is to obtain numerical solutions of the one-dimensional,two-dimensional and coupled Burgers' equations through the generalized differential quadrature method(GDQM).The polynomial-based differential quadrature(PDQ) method is employed and the obtained system of ordinary differential equations is solved via the total variation diminishing Runge-Kutta(TVD-RK) method.The numerical solutions are satisfactorily coincident with the exact solutions.The method can compete against the methods applied in the literature.

Free vibration and buckling analysis of polymeric composite beams reinforced by functionally graded bamboo fbers

Natural fibers have been extensively researched as reinforcement materials in polymers on account of their environmental and economic advantages in comparison with synthetic fibers in the recent years.Bamboo fibers are renowned for their good mechanical properties,abundance,and short cycle growth.As beams are one of the fundamental structural components and are susceptible to mechanical loads in engineering applications,this paper performs a study on the free vibration and buckling responses of bamboo fiber reinforced composite(BFRC)beams on the elastic foundation.Three different functionally graded(FG)layouts and a uniform one are the considered distributions for unidirectional long bamboo fibers across the thickness.The elastic properties of the composite are determined with the law of mixture.Employing Hamilton’s principle,the governing equations of motion are obtained.The generalized differential quadrature method(GDQM)is then applied to the equations to obtain the results.The achieved outcomes exhibit that the natural frequency and buckling load values vary as the fiber volume fractions and distributions,elastic foundation stiffness values,and boundary conditions(BCs)and slenderness ratio of the beam change.Furthermore,a comparative study is conducted between the derived analysis outcomes for BFRC and homogenous polymer beams to examine the effectiveness of bamboo fibers as reinforcement materials,demonstrating the significant enhancements in both vibration and buckling responses,with the exception of natural frequencies for cantilever beams on the Pasternak foundation with the FG-◇fiber distribution.Eventually,the obtained analysis results of BFRC beams are also compared with those for carbon nanotube reinforced composite(CNTRC)beams found in the literature,indicating that the buckling loads and natural frequencies of BFRC beams are lower than those of CNTRC beams.

Dynamic stability analysis of porous functionally graded beams under hygro-thermal loading using nonlocal strain gradient integral model

We present a study on the dynamic stability of porous functionally graded(PFG)beams under hygro-thermal loading.The variations of the properties of the beams across the beam thicknesses are described by the power-law model.Unlike most studies on this topic,we consider both the bending deformation of the beams and the hygro-thermal load as size-dependent,simultaneously,by adopting the equivalent differential forms of the well-posed nonlocal strain gradient integral theory(NSGIT)which are strictly equipped with a set of constitutive boundary conditions(CBCs),and through which both the stiffness-hardening and stiffness-softening effects of the structures can be observed with the length-scale parameters changed.All the variables presented in the differential problem formulation are discretized.The numerical solution of the dynamic instability region(DIR)of various bounded beams is then developed via the generalized differential quadrature method(GDQM).After verifying the present formulation and results,we examine the effects of different parameters such as the nonlocal/gradient length-scale parameters,the static force factor,the functionally graded(FG)parameter,and the porosity parameter on the DIR.Furthermore,the influence of considering the size-dependent hygro-thermal load is also presented.

Bending and Buckling of Circular Sinusoidal Shear Deformation Microplates with Modified Couple Stress Theory

The modified couple stress theory(MCST)is applied to analyze axisymmetric bending and buckling behaviors of circular microplates with sinusoidal shear deformation theory.The differential governing equations and boundary conditions are derived through the principle of minimum total potential energy,and expressed in nominal form with the introduced nominal variables.With the application of generalized differential quadrature method(GDQM),both the differential governing equations and boundary conditions are expressed in discrete form,and a set of linear equations are obtained.The bending deflection can be obtained through solving the linear equations,while buckling loads can be determined through solving general eigenvalue problems.The influence of material length scale parameter and plate geometrical dimensions on the bending deflection and buckling loads of circular microplates is investigated numerically for different boundary conditions.

Unified two-phase nonlocal formulation for vibration of functionally graded beams resting on nonlocal viscoelastic Winkler-Pasternak foundation

A nonlocal study of the vibration responses of functionally graded(FG)beams supported by a viscoelastic Winkler-Pasternak foundation is presented.The damping responses of both the Winkler and Pasternak layers of the foundation are considered in the formulation,which were not considered in most literature on this subject,and the bending deformation of the beams and the elastic and damping responses of the foundation as nonlocal by uniting the equivalently differential formulation of well-posed strain-driven(ε-D)and stress-driven(σ-D)two-phase local/nonlocal integral models with constitutive constraints are comprehensively considered,which can address both the stiffness softening and toughing effects due to scale reduction.The generalized differential quadrature method(GDQM)is used to solve the complex eigenvalue problem.After verifying the solution procedure,a series of benchmark results for the vibration frequency of different bounded FG beams supported by the foundation are obtained.Subsequently,the effects of the nonlocality of the foundation on the undamped/damping vibration frequency of the beams are examined.

Numerical Simulation of MHD Peristaltic Flow with Variable Electrical Conductivity and Joule Dissipation Using Generalized Differential Quadrature Method

In this paper, the MHD peristaltic flow inside wavy walls of an asymmetric channel is investigated, where the walls of the channel are moving with peristaltic wave velocity along the channel length. During this investigation,the electrical conductivity both in Lorentz force and Joule heating is taken to be temperature dependent. Also, the long wavelength and low Reynolds number assumptions are utilized to reduce the governing partial differential equations into a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The new set of obtained equations is then numerically solved using the generalized differential quadrature method(GDQM). This is the first attempt to solve the nonlinear equations arising in the peristaltic flows using this method in combination with the Newton-Raphson technique. Moreover, in order to check the accuracy of the proposed numerical method, our results are compared with the results of built-in Mathematica command NDSolve. Taking Joule heating and viscous dissipation into account, the effects of various parameters appearing in the problem are used to discuss the fluid flow characteristics and heat transfer in the electrically conducting fluids graphically. In presence of variable electrical conductivity, velocity and temperature profiles are highly decreasing in nature when the intensity of the electrical conductivity parameter is strengthened.

Surface Effect on Vibration of Timoshenko Nanobeam Based on Generalized Differential Quadrature Method and Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Nanobeams have promising applications in areas such as sensors,actuators,and resonators in nanoelectromechanical systems(NEMS).Considering the effects of gyration inertia,surface layer mass,surface residual stress,and surface Young's modulus,this study develops the vibration equations of the Timoshenko nanobeam.The generalized differential quadrature(GDQ)method and molecular dynamics(MD)simulation are used to study the surface effect on vibration.For a rectangular cross section,surface residual stress and surface Young's modulus are all affected by the height of the cross section rather than by the length-height ratio.If surface layer mass is considered,then the first three natural frequencies all decrease relative to their counterparts in the case in which surface layer mass is ignored.Results show that the effect of gyration inertia on resonance frequency is negligible.Longitudinal vibration does not easily occur relative to the bending and rotation vibrations of nanobeams.In addition,the results obtained by the GDQ method fit those obtained by MD simulation for beams with length-height ratios of 4-8.This study provides insights into the mechanism of the vibration of short and deep nanobeams and sheds light on the quantitative design of the elements in NEMSs.

轴向运动Rayleigh梁固有频率的微分求积法

轴向运动梁的振动和稳定性问题是振动力学问题研究的重要内容之一,它有着重要的理论和实际意义。研究了轴向运动Rayleigh梁的固有频率。根据广义哈密顿原理建立轴向运动Rayleigh梁横向振动的控制方程。采用微分求积法数值求解两端简支和两端固支边界条件下轴向运动Rayleigh梁的次临界固有频率。数值例子给出了变化梁的弯曲刚度和支撑刚度情况下第一阶和第二阶固有频率和速度之间的关系曲线。通过曲线间的关系可得到:高阶固有频率比低阶固有频率大,固有频率随着刚度系数的增大而增大,并且随着支撑刚度的增大而增大。

Surface stress effect on the vibration and instability of nanoscale pipes conveying fluid based on a size-dependent Timoshenko beam model

Presented in this paper is a precise investigation of the effect of surface stress on the vibration characteristics and instability of fluid-conveying nanoscale pipes.To this end,the nanoscale pipe is modeled as a Timoshenko nanobeam.The equations of motion of the nanoscale pipe are obtained based on Hamilton＇s principle and the Gurtin-Murdoch continuum elasticity incorporating the surface stress effect.Afterwards,the generalized differential quadrature method is employed to discretize the governing equations and associated boundary conditions.To what extent important parameters such as the thickness,material and surface stress modulus,residual surface stress,surface density,and boundary conditions influence the natural frequency of nanoscale pipes and the critical velocity of fluid is discussed.

非线性轴向运动黏弹性Rayleigh梁受迫振动的微分求积法

研究了轴向运动黏弹性Rayleigh梁的非线性受迫振动。运用广义Hamilton原理推导出梁和边界条件的非线性控制方程。通过复模态法计算固有频率和模态函数。运用多尺度法获得主共振的稳态响应,根据Routh-Hurwitz分析稳态响应的稳定性,同时得到粘性阻尼,力和非线性系数的影响曲线。如果存在不稳定区域,通过增加粘性阻尼或减小力可使稳态响应的稳定。运用微分求积法对轴向黏弹性梁的受迫振动进行数值分析,并与多尺度分析进行对比,以此来证明了多尺度法的结果的正确性。

On well-posedness of two-phase nonlocal integral models for higher-order refined shear deformation beams

Due to the conflict between equilibrium and constitutive requirements,Eringen’s strain-driven nonlocal integral model is not applicable to nanostructures of engineering interest.As an alternative,the stress-driven model has been recently developed.In this paper,for higher-order shear deformation beams,the ill-posed issue(i.e.,excessive mandatory boundary conditions(BCs)cannot be met simultaneously)exists not only in strain-driven nonlocal models but also in stress-driven ones.The well-posedness of both the strain-and stress-driven two-phase nonlocal(TPN-Strain D and TPN-Stress D)models is pertinently evidenced by formulating the static bending of curved beams made of functionally graded(FG)materials.The two-phase nonlocal integral constitutive relation is equivalent to a differential law equipped with two restriction conditions.By using the generalized differential quadrature method(GDQM),the coupling governing equations are solved numerically.The results show that the two-phase models can predict consistent scale-effects under different supported and loading conditions.

Static Pull-In Analysis of a Composite Laminated Nano-beam with Flexoelectric Effect

Based on the new modified couple stress theory and considering the flexoelectric effect of the piezoelectric layers,the Euler Bernoulli nano-beam model of composite laminated materials driven by electrostatically fixed supports at both ends is established. The nonlinear differential governing equations and boundary conditions are derived by the Hamilton principle. The generalized differential quadrature method(GDQM) and the Newton Raphson method are used to numerically solve the differential governing equations. The influence of flexoelectric effect on the static and the dynamic pull-in characteristics of laminated nano-beams is analyzed. The results of the numerical calculation are in a good agreement with those in the literature when the model degenerated into a nanobeam model without flexoelectric effect. The stacking sequence,length scale parameter l and piezoelectric layer applied voltage V_(p) of the composite will affect the pull-in voltage,frequency and time-domain response of the structure. Given that the flexoelectric effect will reduce the pull-in voltage and dimensionless natural frequency of the structure,the maximum dimensionless displacement at the midpoint of the beam and the period of time-domain response should be increased.

Free-Form Laminated Doubly-Curved Shells and Panels of Revolution Resting on Winkler-Pasternak Elastic Foundations: A 2-D GDQ Solution for Static and Free Vibration Analysis

This work presents the static and dynamic analyses of laminated doubly-curved shells and panels of revolution resting on Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundations using the Generalized Differential Quadrature (GDQ) method. The analyses are worked out considering the First-order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT) for the above mentioned moderately thick structural elements. The effect of the shell curvatures is included from the beginning of the theory formulation in the kinematic model. The solutions are given in terms of generalized displacement components of points lying on the middle surface of the shell. Simple Rational Bézier curves are used to define the meridian curve of the revolution structures. The discretization of the system by means of the GDQ technique leads to a standard linear problem for the static analysis and to a standard linear eigenvalue problem for the dynamic analysis. Comparisons between the present formulation and the Reissner-Mindlin theory are presented. Furthermore, GDQ results are compared with those obtained by using commercial programs. Very good agreement is observed. Finally, new results are presented in order to investtigate the effects of the Winkler modulus, the Pasternak modulus and the inertia of the elastic foundation on the behavior of laminated shells of revolution.

弹性地基上多孔二维功能梯度材料微梁自由振动研究

基于修正偶应力和Timoshenko梁理论,利用Hamilton变分原理推导了Winkler弹性地基上多孔二维功能梯度材料(2D-FGM)微梁的振动控制方程,采用微分求积法获得固支-固支(C-C)、简支-简支(S-S)边界条件下微梁的振动频率和基本振型,对刚度矩阵进行数学处理后极大地提高了计算效率,将该文模型退化为宏观和微观二维功能梯度模型且与已有文献对比验证其正确性.算例结果表明:该文数学模型适用于不同类型的二维材料分布;微梁的无量纲振动频率随着Winkler弹性地基模量的增大而增大;在一定Winkler弹性地基模量下,微梁的无量纲振动频率随着功能梯度指数、轴向功能梯度指数、孔隙率的增大而减小.材料变化对振动模态的影响随着振动模态阶数的增加而增加.同样参数下,孔隙均匀分布时梁频率略小于孔隙线性分布的情况.

广义边界下含双相流水平井钻柱频率特性分析

钻柱在内流作用和旋转因素的影响下容易产生耦合振动,发生疲劳失效。本文基于微分求积法(DQM)对含双相流水平井钻柱耦合动力学特性进行了研究。利用扩展的Hamilton变分原理建立了计入内流、轴向压力及旋转等因素影响的水平井钻柱动力学方程。在振动问题中考虑了广义边界条件,通过改变边界等效弹簧刚度将模型简化为简支、悬臂等简单边界条件模型进行研究。通过分析旋转角速度、轴向压力、液相流速、气体体积分数等因素对模型频率特性的影响,得到了无量纲固有频率随不同参数变化的特征曲线。分析结果表明:不同边界条件下模型的频率特性曲线有很大的差别;气体体积分数对临界流速的影响在悬臂管系统中表现的更为明显;在简支管模型中,随着轴力的增大会产生模态耦合颤振。此外,通过液相流速和旋转角速度的频率云图展示了两种因素对钻柱频率特性的影响。

Analysis of natural vibration of truncated conical shells partially filled with fluid

In this paper,we study the vibrational behavior of shells in the form of truncated cones containing an ideal compressible fluid.The sloshing effect on the free surface of the fluid is neglected.The dynamic behavior of the elastic structure is investigated based on the classical shell theory,the constitutive relations of which represent a system of ordinary differential equations written for new unknowns.Small fluid vibrations are described in terms of acoustic approximation using the wave equation for hydrodynamic pressure written in spherical coordinates.Its transformation into the system of ordinary differential equations is carried out by applying the generalized differential quadrature method.The formulated boundary value problem is solved by Godunov's orthogonal sweep method.Natural frequencies of shell vibrations are calculated using the stepwise procedure and the Muller method.The accuracy and reliability of the obtained results are estimated by making a comparison with the known numerical and analytical solutions.The dependencies of the lowest frequency on the fluid level and cone angle of shells under different combinations of boundary conditions(simply supported,rigidly clamped,and cantilevered shells)have been studied comprehensively.For conical straight and inverted shells,a numerical analysis has been performed to estimate the possibility of finding configurations at which the lowest natural frequencies exceed the corresponding values of the equivalent cylindrical shell.

地震P波作用下饱和土中考虑剪切与转动变形的衬砌结构动力响应分析

对隧洞周边土体采用饱和土Biot理论,隧洞衬砌采用考虑剪切和转动变形的曲线梁振动理论,分析地震P波作用下饱和土体中圆形隧洞衬砌的动力响应问题。对于饱和土体中的散射波场采用波函数展开法求解,对曲线梁的振动控制微分方程采用一般化的微分求积法(GDQM)求解。由饱和土体与衬砌接触处的位移协调条件,采用最小二乘法确定波函数未知系数项。计算结果表明:当入射波频率较低时,衬砌结构的入射面与背对面的动力响应几乎是对称的;随着入射频率的增加,衬砌结构的入射面与背对面不再具有对称性,且衬砌结构入射面的动力响应要大于背对面的动力响应。

变厚度矩形板自由振动的广义微分求积法分析

基于广义微分求积法,对变厚度矩形板横向自由振动的控制微分方程及其不同边界条件进行离散,研究其自由振动的频率特性.数值计算得到不同长宽比,不同厚度变化参数和简支或固定边界条件下变厚度矩形板的无量纲振动基频率,并与其它求解方法的数值进行比较.结果表明,运用广义微分求积法对变厚度矩形板的频率求解结果与其它方法的求解结果相差很小,且在条件相同的情况下用广义微分求积法仅需较少的节点就能达到满意的求解精度,从而为求解此类问题提供一种可供选择的简便有效的数值方法.