The paper uses data from 2002 to 2011 to make an analysis on trade reliance of China, the top 10 developed countries and top 10 developing countries in products of creative industries. A cross country comparison is do...The paper uses data from 2002 to 2011 to make an analysis on trade reliance of China, the top 10 developed countries and top 10 developing countries in products of creative industries. A cross country comparison is done from global, country groups, and individual country perspective respectively. The findings include that the global trade in creative industry is growing steadily in terms of both absolute value and relative value. The trade reliance of major countries in creative products is getting deeper. The trade pattern in creative industry is taking shape. China＇s future markets in creative products include developed countries and high income developing economies. In view of this development trend, China＇s producers should make necessary adjustment in their production and market strategy so that they will not miss the future opportunities.展开更多
Many have argued that the international community shouM establish a global emissions trading scheme （ETS） to reduce emissions and streamline efforts to mitigate climate change. This paper argues against establishing...Many have argued that the international community shouM establish a global emissions trading scheme （ETS） to reduce emissions and streamline efforts to mitigate climate change. This paper argues against establishing such global ETS for the following reasons： （1） a global ETS may assist developed countries in cutting emissions abatement cost, but it may also result in deterioration in the welfare of developing countries; （2） each nation participating in providing global public goods shall be dedicated to forming ＂Lindahl equilibrium＂ under the principle of common but differentiated responsibility, rather than the ＂Walrasian equilibrium ＂, which is represented in a global ETS,＂ （3） the establishment of a global ETS has its driving forces as it is seen as a preferred regulatory form for industrial special interest groups in developed economies, since its benefits is biased rather than promoting global economic and environmental efficiency; and （4） the developing countries shouM be more cautious when designing tools of climate policies and need to avoid to be locked in emission trading systems.展开更多
“双碳”目标下,为进一步降低综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)碳排放,提升可再生能源消纳能力,提出一种IES低碳经济运行优化策略。首先引入阶梯型碳交易机制约束IES的碳排放;然后建立耦合电转气(power to gas,P2G)和碳捕集...“双碳”目标下,为进一步降低综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)碳排放,提升可再生能源消纳能力,提出一种IES低碳经济运行优化策略。首先引入阶梯型碳交易机制约束IES的碳排放;然后建立耦合电转气(power to gas,P2G)和碳捕集系统(carbon capture system,CCS)模型,并细化P2G两阶段运行;接着在传统热电联产机组(combined heat and power,CHP)中引入卡琳娜循环与电锅炉联合运行,构造热电灵活输出的CHP模型;最后以系统运维成本、碳交易成本、购能成本和弃风弃光成本之和最小为优化目标,构建IES低碳经济调度模型,并设置不同运行场景对比分析。结果表明:IES碳排放减少38.45%,运行总成本降低10.37%,验证了所建模型的低碳性和经济性。展开更多
为实现碳中和目标,应大力发展清洁能源,需要建设综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)并对其进行优化。首先提出了一种IES低碳经济运行策略。该策略关注碳交易市场,并引入阶梯式碳交易机制,以促使IES更有效地控制碳排放;其次提...为实现碳中和目标,应大力发展清洁能源,需要建设综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)并对其进行优化。首先提出了一种IES低碳经济运行策略。该策略关注碳交易市场,并引入阶梯式碳交易机制,以促使IES更有效地控制碳排放;其次提出了一种基于电解槽、甲烷反应器和氢燃料电池的电转气(power-to-gas,P2G)过程。这种新方法可有效提高氢能利用率,降低运行成本;最后,还提出了供需灵活侧双响应机制。在供应侧,通过热电比可调的热电联产来提高能源利用率。在需求侧,提出电、热、气负荷均具备时间维度上需求响应的同时,还具备可替代性。通过这一机制,能够进一步提升IES环保性和可行性。展开更多
为提升综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)的能效水平,提出了一种考虑梯级碳交易机制和电转气(power-to-gas,P2G)两阶段运行的IES调度模型。首先引入碳捕获与封存技术(carbon capture and storage,CCS),解决了P2G所需碳源和热...为提升综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)的能效水平,提出了一种考虑梯级碳交易机制和电转气(power-to-gas,P2G)两阶段运行的IES调度模型。首先引入碳捕获与封存技术(carbon capture and storage,CCS),解决了P2G所需碳源和热电联产机组的碳排放问题;同时在传统P2G的基础上引入氢燃料电池,研究P2G两阶段运行的多重效益;最后,运用梯级碳交易机制限制碳排放。在此基础上,建立以碳交易成本、系统运行成本、新能源利用率相关成本最小为目标的优化调度模型,利用IPOPT商业求解器进行求解,通过与其他传统模型对比分析,表明所提模型的经济性、低碳性和风光消纳能力较高。展开更多
文摘The paper uses data from 2002 to 2011 to make an analysis on trade reliance of China, the top 10 developed countries and top 10 developing countries in products of creative industries. A cross country comparison is done from global, country groups, and individual country perspective respectively. The findings include that the global trade in creative industry is growing steadily in terms of both absolute value and relative value. The trade reliance of major countries in creative products is getting deeper. The trade pattern in creative industry is taking shape. China＇s future markets in creative products include developed countries and high income developing economies. In view of this development trend, China＇s producers should make necessary adjustment in their production and market strategy so that they will not miss the future opportunities.
文摘Many have argued that the international community shouM establish a global emissions trading scheme （ETS） to reduce emissions and streamline efforts to mitigate climate change. This paper argues against establishing such global ETS for the following reasons： （1） a global ETS may assist developed countries in cutting emissions abatement cost, but it may also result in deterioration in the welfare of developing countries; （2） each nation participating in providing global public goods shall be dedicated to forming ＂Lindahl equilibrium＂ under the principle of common but differentiated responsibility, rather than the ＂Walrasian equilibrium ＂, which is represented in a global ETS,＂ （3） the establishment of a global ETS has its driving forces as it is seen as a preferred regulatory form for industrial special interest groups in developed economies, since its benefits is biased rather than promoting global economic and environmental efficiency; and （4） the developing countries shouM be more cautious when designing tools of climate policies and need to avoid to be locked in emission trading systems.
文摘“双碳”目标下,为进一步降低综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)碳排放,提升可再生能源消纳能力,提出一种IES低碳经济运行优化策略。首先引入阶梯型碳交易机制约束IES的碳排放;然后建立耦合电转气(power to gas,P2G)和碳捕集系统(carbon capture system,CCS)模型,并细化P2G两阶段运行;接着在传统热电联产机组(combined heat and power,CHP)中引入卡琳娜循环与电锅炉联合运行,构造热电灵活输出的CHP模型;最后以系统运维成本、碳交易成本、购能成本和弃风弃光成本之和最小为优化目标,构建IES低碳经济调度模型,并设置不同运行场景对比分析。结果表明:IES碳排放减少38.45%,运行总成本降低10.37%,验证了所建模型的低碳性和经济性。
文摘为实现碳中和目标,应大力发展清洁能源,需要建设综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)并对其进行优化。首先提出了一种IES低碳经济运行策略。该策略关注碳交易市场,并引入阶梯式碳交易机制,以促使IES更有效地控制碳排放;其次提出了一种基于电解槽、甲烷反应器和氢燃料电池的电转气(power-to-gas,P2G)过程。这种新方法可有效提高氢能利用率,降低运行成本;最后,还提出了供需灵活侧双响应机制。在供应侧,通过热电比可调的热电联产来提高能源利用率。在需求侧,提出电、热、气负荷均具备时间维度上需求响应的同时,还具备可替代性。通过这一机制,能够进一步提升IES环保性和可行性。
文摘为提升综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)的能效水平,提出了一种考虑梯级碳交易机制和电转气(power-to-gas,P2G)两阶段运行的IES调度模型。首先引入碳捕获与封存技术(carbon capture and storage,CCS),解决了P2G所需碳源和热电联产机组的碳排放问题;同时在传统P2G的基础上引入氢燃料电池,研究P2G两阶段运行的多重效益;最后,运用梯级碳交易机制限制碳排放。在此基础上,建立以碳交易成本、系统运行成本、新能源利用率相关成本最小为目标的优化调度模型,利用IPOPT商业求解器进行求解,通过与其他传统模型对比分析,表明所提模型的经济性、低碳性和风光消纳能力较高。
