Influence of Human Activity Intensity on Habitat Quality in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park,China

Due to long-term human activity interference,the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park(HTRNP)of China has experienced ecological problems such as habitat fragmentation and biodiversity loss,and with the expanding scope and intensity of human activity impact,the regional ecological security is facing serious challenges.A scientific assessment of the interrelationship between human activity intensity and habitat quality in the HTRNP is a prerequisite for achieving effective management of ecological disturbances caused by human activities and can also provide scientific strategies for the sustainable development of the region.Based on the land use change data in 2000,2010,and 2020,the spatial and temporal variations and the relationship between habitat quality(HQ)and human activity intensity(HAI)in the HTRNP were explored using the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs(InVEST)model.System dynamics and land use simulation models were also combined to conduct multi-scenario simulations of their relationships.The results showed that during 2000–2020,the habitat quality of the HTRNP improved,the intensity of human activities decreased each year,and there was a negative correlation between the two.Second,the system dynamic model could be well coupled with the land use simulation model by combining socio-economic and natural factors.The simulation scenarios of the coupling model showed that the harmonious development(HD)scenario is effective in curbing the increasing trend of human activity intensity and decreasing trend of habitat quality,with a weaker trade-off between the two compared with the baseline development(BD)and investment priority oriented(IPO)scenarios.To maintain the authenticity and integrity of the HTRNP,effective measures such as ecological corridor construction,ecological restoration,and the implementation of ecological compensation policies need to be strengthened.

Spatiotemporal variations in ecosystem services and their trade-offs and synergies against the background of the gully control and land consolidation project on the Loess Plateau,China

Studying the spatiotemporal variations in ecosystem services and their interrelationships on the Loess Plateau against the background of the gully control and land consolidation(GCLC)project has significant implications for ecological protection and quality development of the Yellow River Basin.Therefore,in this study,we took Yan'an City,Shaanxi Province of China,as the study area,selected four typical ecosystem services,including soil conservation service,water yield service,carbon storage service,and habitat quality service,and quantitatively evaluated the spatiotemporal variation characteristics and trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services from 2010 to 2018 using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(InVEST)model.We also analysed the relationship between the GCLC project and regional ecosystem service changes in various regions(including 1 city,2 districts,and 10 counties)of Yan'an City and proposed a coordinated development strategy between the GCLC project and the ecological environment.The results showed that,from 2010 to 2018,soil conservation service decreased by 7.76%,while the other three ecosystem services changed relatively little,with water yield service increasing by 0.56% and carbon storage service and habitat quality service decreasing by 0.16% and 0.14%,respectively.The ecological environment of Yan'an City developed in a balanced way between 2010 and 2018,and the four ecosystem services showed synergistic relationships,among which the synergistic relationships between soil conservation service and water yield service and between carbon storage service and habitat quality service were significant.The GCLC project had a negative impact on the ecosystem services of Yan'an City,and the impact on carbon storage service was more significant.This study provides a theoretical basis for the scientific evaluation of the ecological benefits of the GCLC project and the realization of a win-win situation between food security and ecological security.

Spatiotemporal variations of ecosystem services and driving factors in the Tianchi Bogda Peak Natural Reserve of Xinjiang,China

Nature reserves play a significant role in providing ecosystem services and are key sites for biodiversity conservation.The Tianchi Bogda Peak Natural Reserve(TBPNR),located in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China,is an important ecological barrier area in the temperate arid zone.The evaluation of its important ecosystem services is of great significance to improve the management level and ecological protection efficiency of the reserve.In the present study,we assessed the spatiotemporal variations of four ecosystem services(including net primary productivity(NPP),water yield,soil conservation,and habitat quality)in the TBPNR from 2000 to 2020 based on the environmental and social data using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(InVEST)model.In addition,the coldspot and hotspot areas of ecosystem services were identified by hotspot analysis,and the trade-off and synergistic relationships between ecosystem services were analyzed using factor analysis in a geographic detector.During the study period,NPP and soil conservation values in the reserve increased by 48.20%and 25.56%,respectively;conversely,water yield decreased by 16.56%,and there was no significant change in habitat quality.Spatially,both NPP and habitat quality values were higher in the northern part and lower in the southern part,whereas water yield showed an opposite trend.Correlation analysis revealed that NPP showed a synergistic relationship with habitat quality and soil conservation,and exhibited a trade-off relationship with water yield.Water yield and habitat quality also had a trade-off relationship.NPP and habitat quality were affected by annual average temperature and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),respectively,while water yield and soil conservation were more affected by digital elevation model(DEM).Therefore,attention should be paid to the spatial distribution and dynamics of trade-off and synergistic relationships between ecosystem services in future ecological management.The findings of the present study provide a reference that could facilitate the sustainable utilization of ecosystem services in the typical fragile areas of Northwest China.

Research on the Motives of the Qualification Problem of Assets Valuation Industry in China——Study Based on Questionnaire and Factor Analysis

The assets valuation industry in China is the product, which comes from the reform and open policy and the development of the socialist market economy. Under more than 20 years of development which begins to bud in the beginning of the nineteen nineties, the assets valuation industry has become the indispensable Intermediary trade of the socialist market economy system in China. With the scale of assets valuation agency enlarging and its rapidly growing business in recent years, however, some problems have been exposed gradually, which harm the social image of the industry of asset valuation seriously. So the social public and the relevant administrative departments pay close attention on the quality of the asset valuation. To know about what are the essential causes that affect the assets valuation industry managers＇ decision, this paper, through using some means which include literature research, interview and questionnaire investigation and utilizing the method of the factor analysis, relegates 24 questions which come from some answers of the respondents to three factors which are the practicing quality factor, the sting factor of an organization and the internal management factor of valuation organization. Furthermore, it will analyze the features of these factors which are divided into two factors that are internal motivation and external motivation, looking for the key cause of the assets valuation industry quality problem of China which purposes in order to promote the healthy development of valuation profession and much better standard the internal quality of valuation industry of China.

Residents’ Willingness to Pay for Improving Air Quality in Jinan, China

Along with the progress of urbanization and environ- mental deterioration, residents’ desire for improved air quality is increasing. In order to quantify an individual’s willingness-to-pay (WTP) for improved air quality in Jinan of eastern China, a contingent valuation method (CVM) was employed. A sample of 1,500 residents was chosen on the basis of multistage sampling methods with face-to-face interviews by using a series of hypo-thetical, open-ended scenario questions which were designed to elicit the respondents’ WTP. Results showed that 59.7% of respondents were able to express their WTP and the mean WTP is 100 Chinese Yuan (CNY) per person per year. A probit model on the probability of a positive WTP and a regression model were developed to find the relationship between endogenous variables and WTP. Most parameters in the econometric analysis had the expected sign. Annual household income and expenditure on treating respiratory diseases significantly influence WTP. The rates of positive WTP and the monetary amount are larger for men than for women. Results also showed that people who lived in more polluted areas were willing to pay more for clean air. Unlike developed countries, clean air may only be considered as a public good in China in that more than 40% of respondents had no incen- tive to bear the costs of attempting to achieve better air quality, which indicates the relatively low environmental consciousness.

推进幸福体育课程模式实施的价值意蕴、面临问题与多元途径

幸福体育课程模式是深化体育课程改革的必然选择,是体育课程一体化精准实施的具体范式。当前,幸福体育课程模式仍处于理论初创与实践探索阶段,在该课程模式有效实施方面面临着诸多问题和挑战。体育是为健康还是为健康而幸福的人生的认识问题亟待统一;幸福体育课程模式在体育课堂如何呈现问题需要明确;幸福体育课程模式的协调发展和协同推进问题需要重点把握。有效推进幸福体育课程模式需要系统性地整体规划和精准有效地实施。从教师的角度,需要全面提升实施能力;从课程系统性变革的角度,需要整体布局并形成合力;从课堂教学的角度,需要把握学生的真实感受;从课内外体育联动协同角度,需要有明确的分工和相互的协同。

基于InVEST模型的武夷山市生境质量时空分析

为了探求快速城市化背景下城市生境质量对生态协调发展的影响,基于InVEST模型对武夷山地区生境质量时空演变进行分析。结果表明,2010-2020年,生境质量为高级的地区由95.43%下降到88.92%,中等生境质量所占的面积由3.67%升到9.54%,生境退化区域具有显著的空间聚集性特点。武夷山生境质量总体保持相对较好,映射出近年来生态保护措施的成效较好。研究结果对于武夷山地区在权衡发展和保护之间寻求最优自然资源管理和经济发展模式提供理论决策依据。

基于IPA理论的旅行社服务质量实证研究——以“三峡游”为例

通过对IPA理论及旅行社服务质量的综述研究,运用IPA分析法和统计检验,以"三峡游"旅游线路为例,通过19个特征项分析了游客对旅行社服务质量的重要性及绩效评价,涉及导游服务、游船服务、线路产品等方面,提出了旅行社提高三峡游旅游线路服务质量的有效措施,如加强对工作人员的管理与培训,提高工作技能,改善服务质量,强化售后服务等,以期为行业未来工作重点的选择及资源的有效配置提供参考依据。

基于InVEST模型的渭河流域生境质量评估

基于生态系统服务评估与权衡模型和ArcGIS软件探索2000-2020年渭河流域生境质量的时空变化,利用地形分布指数分析生境质量的地形梯度效应.结果表明, 20 a间,研究区土地利用变化主要包括耕地向建设用地和草地的转移,以及草地向耕地和林地的转移,不同类型之间的转移是影响局部生境质量变化的主要因素;生境质量的空间分布以中等生境为主,占比约57%,主要分布在关中城市群外围和西北部.低等生境占比约5%,但面积增长最快,增幅达到105.80%,原因是关中城市群的大面积扩张;研究区生境质量空间分布存在一定的正相关性,且聚集程度增加1.15%,局部自相关类型以高-高和低-低集聚为主,高-高集聚分布在研究区东北部黄土高原和南部秦岭北坡,低-低集聚分布在关中城市群;2020年生境质量具有显著的地形梯度效应,表现在生境质量等级随着地形梯度级别的增加而增加.

国际快递物流行业服务评价体系研究——基于DANP方法

文章基于服务质量模型(SERVQUAL),采用多准则决策分析的DANP方法,通过对国际快递物流行业高层管理人员的问卷调查,分析国际快递物流行业主要服务指标中的核心要素和各要素之间的内在相关性。指出了国际快递物流公司服务体系中"客户经理服务"、"配送服务"以及"价格和合同条款"三个指标是服务指标体系中最重要的,为快递物流行业的管理和服务提升指明了方向;"普通查询系统"、"营销物料"和"预定系统"三个指标虽然重要性有限,却是有效提升顾客服务感知的引导要素,并可作为企业服务提升的有效切入点。同时为政府职能监管、行业协会指导、企业战略管理及服务水平提升提供了一个科学合理的国际快递物流企业服务评价体系和评估方法。

医疗器械十五项审评制度概述

国家药品监督管理局医疗器械技术审评中心聚焦深化医疗器械审评审批制度改革要求,牢牢把握高质量发展的首要任务,充分研究政务服务信息化、业务流程、资源分配、审评效率、过程管控、科学审评等多方面需求,创造性构建了十五项审评制度,并在此基础上,将质量管理与制度优化紧密结合,探索形成医疗器械审评质量管理体系这一监管新工具,在制度改革过程中深入落实审评科学,助推产业创新高质量发展。

数据要素价值化助力培育新质生产力

新质生产力的根本特征之一就是数据生产要素通过创新全面赋能其他生产要素。随着数据生产要素的引入,生产力三要素的内涵和外延都发生了不同程度的演变,传统生产力跃变为新质生产力,而数据价值的应用是区分新旧生产力的关键。数据要素价值化是新质生产力发展的重要动力,为发展新质生产力所要面临的技术创新、要素配置和产业转型等难题提供了突破口。本文立足于数字经济时代生产力三要素改变这一基本事实,以“数据集—数据资源—数据资产—数据资本”的数据全生命周期为基础,从数据价值实现的视角出发,构建“价值形成—价值创造—价值实现—价值共享”的数据价值化理论框架。围绕数据价值化这一进程,本文构建了包含“技术—人才—产业”三个层面的理论分析框架,以厘清数据要素价值化加快培育新质生产力的内在机理和实践路径。本文从交叉学科视角出发,针对数据确权、数据资产入表、估值、交易和数据资产证券化等关键问题,对完善中国数据基础制度、优化营商环境和构建全国一体化数据要素市场提出了政策建议。

基于随机支付卡条件价值法视角的长沙市和石家庄市居民大气环境质量改善支付意愿及影响因素

基于随机价值理论,以湖南省长沙市和河北省石家庄市为例,采用随机支付卡价值诱导技术,实证分析了居民对大气环境质量改善的支付意愿及影响因素,旨在为条件价值法改进及大气环境治理政策成本−效益分析提供依据。结果表明:①2市居民在支付意愿选择态度上存在显著差异,石家庄市居民持积极态度的占比高于长沙市,这与个人对环境治理的角色定位、支付能力及机构信任紧密相关。②石家庄市居民的平均支付意愿显著高于长沙市,长沙市居民支付意愿均值的样本平均数为97.87元/月,标准差为128.69,石家庄市分别为108.24元/月和142.64。③影响居民支付意愿最主要的微观因素是受教育程度,其次是对政府的信任度、收入水平、风险偏好、对政府的满意度评价及预期收入变化,最主要的宏观因素是居住城市和区域,其次是人均地区生产总值。

基于AHP模糊综合评价法的高标准农田整治对耕地质量的影响评价

研究高标准农田整治对耕地质量的影响,对于提高耕地质量具有重要意义。以赤峰市松山区太平地镇兴隆沟村高标准基本农田建设项目为例,利用AHP层次分析法和模糊综合评价相结合的方法,分析高标准农田整治对耕地质量的影响。结果表明,通过土壤改良、土地平整工程、农田水利工程、田间道路工程等高标准农田项目的实施,项目区耕地质量综合评价分值从42.88提升到了73.14,耕地质量评判等级从较好提升到好,耕地质量指标比整理前有明显改善。高标准基本农田整治是改善耕地质量的的主要途径,通过高标准农田整治对耕地质量的影响分析,可为开展高标准农田整治中耕地质量影响评价提供参考。

改进的PCA法在疏勒河流域水库水质评价中的应用

疏勒河流域属极端干旱荒漠气候,水资源的形成和赋存较为困难、水生态环境脆弱。为了加强对流域水资源的定量分析,提高水资源利用效率、更合理地开发利用有限的水资源,研究利用结合地表水环境质量标准的主成分分析法、选取流域内上、中、下游3个水库的典型断面从时间和空间角度进行水质评价研究,在去除监测项目中的重复信息得到的水质评价结果有:1997年之前双塔水库属I类水质,1997年后由于水库受水量减少和进入水体的污染物载荷量增大致使水质下降到Ⅱ、Ⅲ类,2000年以后水质基本维持在Ⅱ类左右,水质符合生活饮用、工业应用、农业灌溉、渔业养殖、景观娱乐等用水标准。2000年之后党河水库水质在I、Ⅱ类之间,水库上游人口稀少、敦煌市排污口在水库下游致使水体受到的点源污染较少,基本为非点源污染。2000年以来,赤金峡水库水质为Ⅴ类,因为玉门市排污口在赤金峡水库上游严重影响了水库水质,因此,加强石油河的污染治理及控制该河流上的点源污染刻不容缓。

AHP法在设计用地形图质量评价中的应用研究

设计用地形图是工程项目设计的必备要件,长期以来专业测绘单位测出的设计用地形图一直采用国家现行的测绘标准,但并不能满足设计单位项目设计的需要。尤其在成果验收时,存在诸多争议。通过对设计单位地形图用图需求分析,运用多目标决策理论,把AHP法运用在设计用地形图质量评价体系中,较好地解决了测图单位和用图单位的矛盾,对测绘单位和设计单位都具有一定的参考价值。

CaCl_2用于辽河油田深井水侵层固井

深井添加ＣａＣｌ２促凝剂固井在辽河油田一度视为禁区。曙光地区杜１２４区块６口３０００－３５００ｍ深井水侵层固并经验表明，在井底循环温度不超过７５℃情况下，向渤海牌７５℃油井水泥中分别添加不同浓度的ＣａＣｌ２促凝剂固井获得成功，有效地抑制了该区块开发井大段水侵作用。

基于检验检测-服务质量-长短期记忆网络-情感分析模型的检验检测服务质量评价研究

为促进检验检测(IT)业服务质量提升,以检验检测服务质量(QoS)评级和用户服务需求为切入点,采用基于长短期记忆网络(LSTM)的深度学习方法进行用户情感分析(SA),识别用户对检验检测服务质量在各个评价维度上的情感倾向,设计由有形性、可靠性、响应性、安全性和移情性5个维度构成的评价体系,通过ITQoS-LSTM-SA模型对检验检测服务机构服务质量进行评价与反馈,并利用7万多条相关文本数据进行实证。结果显示:LSTM模型在检验检测用户评论分类中的准确率达到了85.24%,检验检测服务质量的总评分为0.491 6,处于满意和非常满意程度之间。基于IT-QoS-LSTM-SA模型,可以直观地看出检验检测服务质量在各项评价指标上的优劣程度。

重庆某城市污水处理系统雨污分流改造效果评价

近年来,雨污合流问题对排水系统产生了极大的负面影响。各地投入大量资金陆续打响了雨污分流攻坚战和持久战,取得了一定成效,但缺乏对分流效果的科学评价。以重庆某城市污水厂服务范围为例,选择运行成效、环境经济效益、管网系统建设、管理制度4大类11个指标进行分流效果评价。评价结果认为,该系统雨污分流效果显著。改造后,运行成效显著提高,污水集中收集率和厂前进水浓度(CODCr、BOD5)更高,主河道混有污水的排口数量明显减少;环境经济效益显著提升,城区内环境的污染物排放量大幅度减少;排水系统建设逐渐完善,管网密度和管网覆盖率进一步提高,基本达到分流制要求;管理长效机制基本形成。同时,文中总结分析了分流改造的典型经验做法及管网系统尚存的主要问题,提出了进一步提质增效的工作建议。

Economic Value of Water Quality Improvement by One Grade Level in Erhai Lake： A Willingness-to-Pay Survey and a Benefit-Transfer Study

Water quality in China has seriously deteriorated in recent years. However, very few valuation studies have been conducted to estimate the monetary values associated with water quality changes. As a result, the decision makers can hardly make rational choices with regard to investments in water quality improvement. This paper presents a valuation study conducted in Dali, Yunnan Province, which aims to estimate the total economic value of improving the water quality of Erhai Lake by one grade level. Both the contingent valuation method and the benefit transfer approach are employed in this study. The contingent valuation estimation strategy reveals that, on average, a household located in Dali is willing to pay about 27 yuan per month continuously for 5 years for the water quality improvement, equivalent to 1.7% of the household monthly income. The elasticity of willingness-to-pay with respect to income is estimated to be 0.28. The internal rate of economic return of the proposed pollution control project is estimated to be 13%. The benefit transfer exercise produces a similar estimation on willingness to pay （WTP） values, with a difference of less than 2% compared with the contingent valuation approach. The results indicate the potential reliability of using the benefit transfer approach for valuation estimations in Chinese provinces.