An Analysis of Development as A Reflective Teacher in Higher Education

Effective teaching is every teacher's teaching goal.How to reach the aim is to reflect on the teaching.The following document describes the development on how to reflect the teaching.The main purpose of this analysis is to show how effective and important the reflection on the teaching and to show how useful the reflection which can make the teacher change the way of teaching,encouraging the students to adopt a deep approach in their learning.

Development Characteristics of Private P.E Economy

The regional policy in the innovation development of private P.E economy plays better role in management according to law,guidance and escort;increase the macro quality of main body of private P.E entrepreneurs and the overall staff quality,develop P.E vocational P.E to provide P.E talents for private P.E economy.

Exercise-induced modulation of miR-149-5p and MMP9 in LPS-triggered diabetic myoblast ER stress: licorice glycoside E as a potential therapeutic target

Background:This study explores the relationship between endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress and diabetes,particularly focusing on the impact of physical exercise on ER stress mechanisms and identifying potential therapeutic drugs and targets for diabetes-related sepsis.The research also incorporates traditional physical therapy perspectives,emphasizing the genomic insights gained from exercise therapy in disease management and prevention.Methods:Gene analysis was conducted on the GSE168796 and GSE94717 datasets to identify ER stress-related genes.Gene interactions and immune cell correlations were mapped using GeneCard and STRING databases.A screening of 2,456 compounds from the TCMSP database was performed to identify potential therapeutic agents,with a focus on their docking potential.Techniques such as luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA interference were used to examine the interactions between microRNA-149-5p and MMP9.Results:The study identified 2,006 differentially expressed genes and 616 miRNAs.Key genes like MMP9,TNF-α,and IL1B were linked to an immunosuppressive state.Licorice glycoside E demonstrated high affinity for MMP9,suggesting its potential effectiveness in treating diabetes.The constructed miRNA network highlighted the regulatory roles of MMP9,IL1B,IFNG,and TNF-α.Experimental evidence confirmed the binding of microRNA-149-5p to MMP9,impacting apoptosis in diabetic cells.Conclusion:The findings highlight the regulatory role of microRNA-149-5p in managing MMP9,a crucial gene in diabetes pathophysiology.Licorice glycoside E emerges as a promising treatment option for diabetes,especially targeting MMP9 affected by ER stress.The study also underscores the significance of physical exercise in modulating ER stress pathways in diabetes management,bridging traditional physical therapy and modern scientific understanding.Our study has limitations.It focuses on the microRNA-149-5p-MMP9 network in sepsis,using cell-based methods without animal or clinical trials.Despite strong in vitro findings,in vivo studies are needed to confirm licorice glycoside E’s therapeutic potential and understand the microRNA-149-5p-MMP9 dynamics in real conditions.

Field Assessment of the Level of Protection Conferred by a Newly Prepared Combined Inactivated Vaccine against E. coli and P. multocida in Rabbit in Egypt

Pasteurellosis is the most prevalent, extremely contagious bacterial disease among domestic rabbits and is considered the leading cause of deaths in rabbits, resulting in enormous economic losses to the rabbit industry. Screening for bacterial agents causing mortalities in rabbits revealed the presence of Enterobacteriacae species in approximately 42% of studied cases, with E. coli the most commonly isolated organism. The present study was designed to evaluate the immune response of rabbits vaccinated with a locally prepared, combined inactivated vaccine of Pasteurella multocida and E. coli, adjuvanated with Montanide ISA70. A total of 370 rabbits, aged 2 - 3 weeks, were divided into four groups: (G1) vaccinated with a polyvalent P. multocida vaccine, (G2) vaccinated with a polyvalent E. coli vaccine, (G3) vaccinated with a combined inactivated Montanide ISA70 vaccine of P. multocida and E. coli, and (G4) kept as a non-vaccinated control group. All rabbits received two doses of 0.5 ml of the prepared vaccines, administered one month apart, and were then challenged with virulent strains of P. multocida and E. coli three weeks after the second vaccination. The prepared vaccines were evaluated by determining humoral immunity using indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test and ELISA. The potency of the vaccines was assessed through challenge and determination of LD50. Experimental findings on the prepared polyvalent combined inactivated P. multocida and E. coli vaccine indicated that it is a potent vaccine, producing the highest antibody titers and a 90% protection rate against challenges with virulent strains of P. multocida type A, D2, and E. coli types O157, O151 and O125. Thus, this vaccine is promising in addressing both P. multocida and E. coli problems in rabbits, farms, providing significant protection, and we recommend its commercial production to help rabbit producers control these two major bacterial infections.

Research and Practice of the P.E. Information Teaching Design System

In this paper, the physical education information teaching design system is researched and developed based on VB6.0 optimization platform. According to the national physical education and health course standards and the fundamental theories of the constructivisrn, the author adopts the modular-design development method to design two functional areas which are the displaying of the teaching design contents and the online information database （nine modules in total） on the basis of the P.E. teaching design flow. Importantly, this system features the compatibility, scalability and practical applicability, and can effectively improve the ability of P.E. teachers to design their teaching, and hence provides a guarantee for the improvement of teaching quality and efficiency.

Teacher Professional Development Approach: Action Research

Theory and practice, researchers and practitioners are usually isolated in traditional education research, so much so that the research results can not solve the problems that teachers encounter in their teaching practice. As a new mode, action research provides a bridge linking theory and teaching practice as well as a way to promote teacher development.

Analysis on the Optimization of the P.E. Course Teaching Plan in Colleges and Universities

In the new period, the physical education in colleges and universities is of greater and greater significance for the enhancement of students＇ learning efficiency. In this paper, the current situation of the current physical education is analyzed, and also related suggestions on the optimization of the P.E. course teaching plan are proposed.

关于大学E-teacher的角色思考

本文从当前大学英语教师的角色困惑出发,探讨了教师角色的含义,提出了E-teacher的概念,阐述了此概念的理论内涵和在实践中,即大学英语教师角色转变中的意义,从而引出对大学英语教师角色转变方向的若干建议。

A Family of High_order Accuracy Explicit Difference Schemes for Solving 2-D Parabolic Partial Differential Equation

A family of high_order accuracy explicit difference schemes for solving 2_dimension parabolic P.D.E. are constructed. Th e stability condition is r=Δt/Δx 2=Δt/Δy 2【1/2 and the truncation err or is O(Δt 3+Δx 4).

Two New Species of Freshwater Shrimps from Hunan Province,China (Decapoda:Atyidae:Caridina)

Two new freshwater atyid shrimps, Caridina angustipes sp nov.and C clavipes sp nov.from Hunan Province,China are described. C angustipes sp nov.is similar to C baojingensis Guo,He et Bai,1992,but with longer rostrum,15-27 dorsal teeth,3-6 ventral teeth,and straighter inner margin of endopods in male 1st pleopods. C clavipes sp nov.is similar to C angustipes ,but with narrower distal and fewer spines on inner margin of endopds in male 1st pleopods,and shorter and thinner appendix masculina in male 2nd pleopods with only 1 spine on inner lateral margin and 4 spines in apex.The holotypes are deposited in Shanghai Fisheries University.Some representative paratypes are deposited in Foshan Science and Technology College.

清肾颗粒对大鼠NRK-52E细胞转分化模型miR-23b和PINK1/Parkin通路的影响

目的 探讨TGF-β1诱导大鼠NRK-52E细胞转分化模型中miR-23b对PINK1/Parkin通路的靶向调节机制,并阐明清肾颗粒含药血清对NRK-52E细胞转分化的干预机理。方法 采用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)指纹图谱法对清肾颗粒进行全指纹图谱分析。构建TGF-β1诱导大鼠NRK-52E细胞转分化模型,转染siRNA后分为模拟物空载对照组、miR-23b-5p模拟物组、抑制剂空载对照组、miR-23b-5p抑制剂组,观察miR-23b-5p对PINK1表达量的影响。再将NRK-52E细胞分组为正常组、TGF-β1组、清肾颗粒组、miR-23b-mimic-NC组、miR-23b-mimic组、miR-23b-mimic+清肾颗粒组,Western blot法检测NRK-52E细胞中Pink1、Parkin、LC3Ⅱ、Beclin-1、P62、α-SMA蛋白表达,RT-qPCR法检测NRK-52E细胞中miR-23b-5p、Pink1、Parkin、Beclin-1、α-SMA mRNA的表达,双荧光素酶报告基因实验检测miR-23b-5p与PINK1的靶向关系。结果 UPLC指纹图谱法鉴定出清肾颗粒中11个活性成分。miR-23b-5p过表达后,PINK1 mRNA表达量也显著增加(P<0.05);而miR-23b-5p表达沉默后,PINK1 mRNA表达量也显著减少(P<0.05)。双荧光素酶报告显示,Rno-miR-23b-5p能显著下调Rno-PINK1-WT荧光素酶活性(P<0.05),但未能下调突变Rno-PINK1-mut荧光素酶活性(P>0.05)。清肾颗粒含药血清干预实验发现,TGF-β1组的miR-23b-5p、Pink1、Parkin、Beclin-1、LC3Ⅱ表达及LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ比值均明显低于正常组,P62和α-SMA表达明显高于正常组(P<0.05)。清肾颗粒组和miR-23b-mimic组的miR-23b-5p、Pink1、Parkin、Beclin-1、LC3Ⅱ表达及LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ比值均明显高于TGF-β1组,P62和α-SMA表达明显低于TGF-β1组(P<0.05)。miR-23b-mimic+清肾颗粒组的表现更优于miR-23b-mimic组(P<0.05)。结论 清肾颗粒能够上调NRK-52E细胞内miR-23b-5p表达,并通过增强PINK1/Parkin通路介导的线粒体自噬活性,抑制NRK-52E细胞转分化进程。

The Prognostic Value of Pathological and Molecular Margins Marked by p53 and eIF4E in Laryngeal Carcinoma

Objective: To study the prognostic value of the pathological margin and molecular margin marked by eIF4E and P53 protein in laryngeal carcinoma. Methods: The prognostic value of pathological and molecular margin was studied in 253 cases and 67 cases respectively, the latter were pathological negative margin chosen from the former. Immunohistochemisty was used to detect the expression of eIF4E and p53 proteins. Results: The rate of pathological, p53 and eIF4E positive margins was 20.2%, 19.4% and 32.8% respectively. The recurrent rate of those with positive margins was higher than that of negative margins, which including pathological margin (70.6% vs 35.1%, P =0.0000), p53 margin (69.2% vs 33.3%, P =0.018) and eIF4E margin (63.6% vs 28.9%, P =0.018); The survival rate of those with negative margins was higher than those with positive margins, including pathological margin (the 5-year cumulative survival rate was 37.52% and 64.37% respectively, P =0.0023), p53 margin (the 5-year cumulative survival rate was 24.62% and 75.69% respectively, P =0.0012) and eIF4E margin (the 5-year cumulative survival rate was 43.31% and 77.52% respectively, P =0.0006). Conclusion: The prognosis of those with both pathological and molecular positive margins was worse than that of the negative margins; Both the eIF4E and p53 were useful markers to pick out the poor prognostic patients from those with pathological negative margin, and the former seemed to be more potential.

Introduction of Internet P.E News Reporter

Consistent with previous research, results showed men get more paragraphs and photography coverage. Interestingly, women's factual information is always associated with relevant men report, including P.E relevant with personal information.

P.E Science J ournals General Influence Factor

The portal is characterized with large amount of information, high stability and interaction, while "Online Journal of Physical P.E" is to publicize the academic pure value, spread the achievement influence in daily life, and advocate an academic atmosphere of utilitarianism with a slogan of "article issued online can be published in journal with the recommendation of experts" and practical action. It is the first academic journal under network operation.

Linc01419调控miR-34a-5p/E2F3轴促进膀胱癌细胞增殖与侵袭

目的:探讨长链非编码RNA Linc01419对膀胱癌细胞增殖和侵袭的影响及作用机制。方法:通过UALCAN软件(https://ualcan.path.uab.edu/)分析TCGA数据库中Linc01419在膀胱癌组织与正常膀胱组织中的表达差异;采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RT-qPCR)检测Linc01419在不同膀胱癌细胞系、22例经病理证实为膀胱癌的手术患者的肿瘤组织及癌旁正常膀胱组织中的表达水平;应用细胞增殖/毒性检测(cell counting kit-8,CCK-8)实验和Transwell小室侵袭实验检测敲低Linc01419表达对膀胱癌细胞增殖与侵袭的影响;采用双荧光素酶报告基因检测法分析Linc01419与miR-34a-5p及miR-34a-5p与E2F3之间的靶向调控关系。结果:UALCAN数据库分析显示相较正常膀胱组织,Linc01419在膀胱癌组织中显著高表达(P<0.001);RT-qPCR分析结果显示相较癌旁正常膀胱组织,Linc01419在22例膀胱癌组织中表达明显上调(P<0.001),与UALCAN数据库分析结果一致;Linc01419在4株膀胱癌细胞中的表达明显高于正常膀胱上皮细胞(P<0.01);敲低Linc01419表达,可显著抑制膀胱癌细胞的增殖、侵袭及N-cadherin、PCNA蛋白的表达,而显著促进E-cadherin的蛋白表达(P<0.05);miR-34a-5p过表达对膀胱癌细胞具有类似的抑制作用;双荧光素酶报告基因实验、RIP及Pull-down实验证实Linc01419可靶向结合miR-34a-5p,而后者进一步介导了对E2F3的靶向调控;抑制miR-34a-5p表达,可显著削弱Linc01419沉默对膀胱癌细胞生物学行为及E-cadherin、N-cadherin、PCNA、E2F3表达的影响。结论:Linc01419在膀胱癌中异常高表达,其通过调控miR-34a-5p/E2F3轴促进膀胱癌细胞增殖和侵袭,很可能是膀胱癌发生、发展过程中的一个重要环节。

p16/Ki-67双染检测、HPVE6/E7mRNA检测在宫颈病变诊断中的价值研究

目的:探讨p16/Ki-67双染检测、HPVE6/E7mRNA检测在宫颈病变诊断中的价值。方法:选择2021年4月至2023年2月我院收治的605例高危型HPV阳性患者为研究对象,所有患者入院后均进行阴道镜检查与病理活检,取患者细胞学样本分别进行p16/Ki-67双染检测、HPVE6/E7mRNA检测。比较两种方法单独检查与联合检测对宫颈病变阳性检出率的差异;比较三种检查方法对宫颈病变诊断效能的差异。结果:联合检测检出CIN1~3阳性率均高于p16/Ki-67双标记、HPVE6/E7mRNA检测(P<0.05);三种检测方式的浸润癌阳性检出率比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。Kappa检验分析结果显示,p16/Ki-67双标记与HPVE6/E7mRNA检查结果与病理诊断结果具有较好的一致性(Kappa值=0.719,P<0.05);联合检测结果与病理诊断结果具有高度的一致性(Kappa值=0.894,P<0.05)。联合检测对宫颈病变的诊断灵敏度、特异性与准确率高于p16/Ki-67双标记与HPVE6/E7mRNA检查(P<0.05)。结论:p16Ki-67双染与HPVE6/E7mRNA联合检测可准确检出宫颈病变程度,对宫颈病变疾病类型的鉴别可提供充足可靠的数据支持,联合检查的诊断效能较好,对患者后续相关治疗开展有积极指导意义。

Hepatoprotective effects of S-adenosyl-L-methionine against alcohol-and cytochrome P450 2E1-induced liver injury

S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) acts as a methyl donor for methylation reactions and participates in the synthesis of glutathione. SAM is also a key metabolite that regulates hepatocyte growth, differentiation and death. Hepatic SAM levels are decreased in animal models of alcohol liver injury and in patients with alcohol liver disease or viral cirrhosis. This review describes the protection by SAM against alcohol and cytochrome P450 2E1-dependent cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo and evaluates mechanisms for this protection.

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of lycopene on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rat

AIM To evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of lycopene(Ly) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) in rat. METHODS A rat model of NAFLD was first established by feeding a high-fat diet for 14 wk. Sixty-five rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group and Ly treatment groups. Alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), triglycerides(TG), total cholesterol(TC) in serum and low density lipoproteincholesterol(LDL-C), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C), free fatty acid(FFA), malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione(GSH) in liver tissue were evaluated, respectively. While the hepatoprotective effect was also confirmed by histopathological analysis, the expression levels of TNF-α and cytochrome P450(CYP) 2E1 in rat liver were determined by immunohistochemistry analysis.RESULTS A significant decrease was observed in the levels of serum AST(2.07-fold), ALT(2.95-fold), and the blood lipid TG(2.34-fold) and TC(1.66-fold) in the dose of 20 mg/kg Ly-treated rats(P < 0.01), compared to the model group. Pretreatment with 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg of Ly significantly raised the levels of antioxidant enzyme SOD in a dose-dependent manner,to 90.95 ± 9.56, 109.52 ± 11.34 and 121.25 ± 10.68(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), as compared with the model group. Similarly, the levels of GSH were significantly increased(P < 0.05, P < 0.01) after the Ly treatment. Meanwhile, pretreatment with 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg of Ly significantly reduced MDA amount by 30.87, 45.51 and 54.49% in the liver homogenates, respectively(P < 0.01). The Ly treatment group showed significantly decreased levels of lipid products LDL-C(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), improved HDL-C level and significantly decreased content of FFA, compared to the model group(P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the Ly-treated group also exhibited a down-regulated TNF-α and CYP2E1 expression, decreased infiltration of liver fats and reversed histopathological changes, all in a dosedependent manner(P < 0.05, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION This study suggests that Ly has a protective effect on NAFLD, down-regulates expression of TNF-α, and that CYP2E1 may be one of the action mechanisms for Ly.

Coexistence of hyperlipidemia and acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induces severe liver damage in a rat model

AIM:To investigate the correlation of hyperlipemia(HL) and acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury on liver damage and its mechanism.METHODS:Rats were divided into 4 groups:control,HL,I/R and HL+I/R.After the induction of HL via a high-fat diet for 18 wk,middle cerebral artery occlusion was followed by 24 h of reperfusion to capture I/R.Serum alanine transaminase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) were analyzed as part of liver function tests and liver damage was further assessed by histological examination.Hepatocyte apoptosis was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL) assay.The expression of genes related to apoptosis(caspase-3,bcl-2) was assayed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.Serum tumor necrosis factor-(TNF-),interleukin-1(IL-1) and liver mitochondrial superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),malondialdehyde(MDA) and Ca 2+ levels were measured to determine inflammatory and oxidative/antioxidative status respectively.Microsomal hydroxylase activity of the cytochrome P450 2E1(CYP2E1)-containing enzyme was measured with aniline as the substrate,and CYP2E1 expression in the liver tissue and microsome was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting respectively.RESULTS:HL alone induced by high-fat diet for 18 wk resulted in liver damage,indicated by histopathological analysis,and a considerable increase in serum ALT(25.13 ± 16.90 vs 9.56 ± 1.99,P < 0.01) and AST levels(18.01 ± 10.00 vs 11.33 ± 4.17,P < 0.05) compared with control.Moreover,HL alone induced hepatocyte apoptosis,which was determined by increased TUNEL-positive cells(4.47 ± 0.45 vs 1.5 ± 0.22,P < 0.01),higher caspase-3 and lower bcl-2 expression.Interestingly,compared with those in control,HL or I/R groups,massive increases of serum ALT(93.62 ± 24.00 vs 9.56 ± 1.99,25.13 ± 16.90 or 12.93 ± 6.14,P < 0.01) and AST(82.32 ± 26.92 vs 11.33 ± 4.17,18.01 ± 10.00 or 14.00 ± 6.19,P < 0.01) levels in HL+I/R group were observed suggesting severe liver damage,which was confirmed by liver histology.In addition,HL combined with I/R also caused significantly increased hepatocyte apoptosis,as evidenced by increased TUNEL-positive cells(6.20 ± 0.29 vs 1.5 ± 0.22,4.47 ± 0.45 or 1.97 ± 0.47,P < 0.01),elevated expression of caspase-3 and lower expression of bcl-2.Furthermore,when compared to HL or I/R alone,HL plus I/R enhanced serum TNF-,IL-1,liver mitochondrial MDA and Ca 2+ levels,suppressed SOD and GSH-Px in liver mitochondria,and markedly up-regulated the activity(11.76 ± 2.36 vs 4.77 ± 2.31 or 3.11 ± 1.35,P < 0.01) and expression(3.24 ± 0.38 vs 1.98 ± 0.88 or 1.72 ± 0.58,P < 0.01) of CYP2E1 in liver.CONCLUSION:The coexistence of HL and acute cerebral I/R induces severe liver damage,suggesting that cerebral ischemic stroke would exaggerate the damage of liver caused by HL.This effect is possibly due to en-hanced CYP2E1 induction which further promotes oxidative damage,inflammation and hepatocyte apoptosis.

Genetic polymorphisms in cytochrome P4502E1, alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Gansu Chinese males

AIM:To evaluate the association between genetic polymorphisms in CYP2E1, ALDH2 and ADH1B and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in a high risk area of Gansu Province, in Chinese males. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted to investigate the genetic polymorphisms of these enzymes (CYP2E1 *c1/*c2, ALDH2 *1/*2 and ADH1B *1/*1 genotypes). A total of 80 esophageal cancer cases and 480 controls were recruited. RESULTS: Compared with controls, cases had a greater prevalence of heavier alcohol consumption (53.8% vs 16.2%) and a higher proportion of alcohol drinkers with > 30 drink-years (28.8% vs 13.5%). Heavier alcohol consumption and alcohol drinking with > 30 drink- years increased the risk of ESCC, with ORs (95% CI) of 3.20 (1.32-9.65) and 1.68 (0.96-3.21). CYP2E1 (*c1/*c1), ALDH2 (*1/*2) and ADH1B (*1/*1) genotype frequencies were higher among patients with squamous cell carcinomas, at a level close to statistical significance (P = 0.014; P = 0.094; P = 0.0001 respectively). There were synergistic interactions among alcohol drinking and ALDH2, ADH1B and CYP2E1 genotypes. The risk of the ESCC in moderate-to-heavy drinkers with an inactive ALDH2 encoded by ALDH2 *1/*2 as well as ADH1B encoded by ADH1B *1/*1 and CYP2E1 encoded by CYP2E1 *c1/*c1 was higher than that in the never/rare-to-light drinkers with an active ALDH2 (*1/*1 genotype) as well as ADH1B (*1/*2 + *2/*2) and CYP2E1 (*c1/*c2 + *c2/*c2) genotypes, with a statistically significant difference; ORs (95% CI) of 8.58 (3.28-22.68), 27.12 (8.52-70.19) and 7.64 (2.82-11.31) respectively. The risk of the ESCC in moderate-to-heavy drinkers with ALDH2 (*1/*2) combined the ADH1B (*1/*1) genotype or ALDH2 (*1/*2) combined the CYP2E1 (*c1/*c1) genotype leads to synergistic interactions, higher than drinkers with ALDH2 (*1/*1) + ADH1B (*1/*2 + *2/*2), ALDH2 (*1/*1) + CYP2E1 (*c1/*c2 + *c2/*c2) respectively , ORs (95% CI) of 7.46 (3.28-18.32) and 6.82 (1.44-9.76) respectively. Individuals with the ADH1B combined the CYP2E1 genotype showed no synergistic interaction. CONCLUSION: In our study, we found that alcohol consumption and polymorphisms in the CYP2E1, ADH1B and ALDH2 genes are important risk factors for ESCC, and that there was a synergistic interaction among polymorphisms in the CYP2E1, ALDH2 and ADH1B genes and heavy alcohol drinking, in Chinese males living in Gansu Province, China.