Research on the Emergency Response Mechanism and the Applications on Coastal Communities Storm Disaster Management

In this paper, we conduct research on the emergency response mechanism and applications on the coastal communities storm disaster management. Investment of pre-disaster prevention and the post-disaster remedy is larger in emergency in the financial system that has been structural problems, although in a disaster and financial support is especially important after a disaster, but increase before preventive investment should be the focus of our general government. Before preventive emergency government investment is to prevent incident broke out and reduce the incident after the outbreak of the impact of the main means. Under these circumstances, we analyze the coastal communities storm disaster management mode with the integration of the enhanced emergency response mechanism that will be meaningful for promoting the management efficiency and effectiveness.

基于ACP方法的高层建筑火灾中人员疏散策略研究

高层建筑结构规模巨大、人员众多,而疏散出口数量有限,如何有效安排疏散出口人员分布,提高疏散效率,是火灾应急管理的重要研究内容.以人为中心的疏散系统是典型的复杂系统,具有难以真实实验分析的困难.本文基于ACP(人工系统、计算实验、平行执行)方法,以智能体技术为核心建立了人工疏散系统,基于火灾场景,利用计算实验对疏散策略进行了验证、评估,给出了实际疏散系统与人工疏散系统的平行执行实现思想.最后,通过案例验证了方法的可行性.

化工企业应急管理问题与对策研究

文章针对化工企业安全生产事故应急工作在日常管理过程中存在的不足,从政府相关政策文件要求和几起典型应急案例着手,结合化工企业高危、劳动密集、事故发生率较高等特点,以生产过程中突发事故可能造成的危害和事态发展趋势分析为抓手,从预案编制、安全防范意识及应急演练等方面提出对策与建议,为化工企业改善应急预案编制、提高整体应急能力提供一定的参考。

Rapid building damage assessment system using mobile phone technology

One common scenario during disasters such as earthquakes is that the activity of damage field reconnaissance on site is not well-coordinated. For example in Italy the damage assessment of structures after an earthquake is managed from the Italian Emergency Authority, using printed forms （AeDES） which are filled by experts on site generating a lot of confusion in filling and transferring the forms to the Disaster Management Operative Center. Because of this, the paper explores the viability of using mobile communication technologies （smart phones） and the Web to develop response systems that would aid communities after a major disaster, providing channels for allowing residents and responders ofuploading and distributing information, related to structural damages coordinating the damage field reconnaissance. A mobile application that can be run by residents on smart phones has been developed, to give an initial damage evaluation of the area, which is going to be very useful when resources （e.g. the number of experts is limited）. The mobile application has been tested for the first time during 2012 Emilia earthquake to enhance the emergency response, showing the efficiency of the proposed method in statistical terms comparing the proposed procedure with the standard procedure.

Reflections on the Participation of Social Organizations in the Prevention of COVID-19

Objective To study the problems of Chinese social organizations in participating in the prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic so that we can standardize the participation mechanism,improve the collaborative management mechanism,and promote the development of social organizations.Methods Through the analysis of CNKI,news reports,industry conferences and other data,combined with the current situation,the participation of social organizations in public health emergencies were investigated.Results and Conclusion The coordination between government and social organizations is not good.Social organizations in the field of public health are unable to stand out in a timely manner.The public do not have self-management ability.Some of the media spread rumors.Besides,most social organizations are highly dependent on the government and they are ack supervision.Social organizations should be incorporated into the emergency management system and national hub-based social organizations must be established.In addition,supervision should be strengthened to increase the credibility of social organizations.The responsibilities of community and emergency management at the grassroots level should be enhanced.The public opinion response and disposal system should be improved.Lastly,the responsibility of social organizations in the field of public health must be fulfilled.

应急技术与管理专业人才“五位一体”协同培养模式探索

我国是世界上突发事件种类、数量最多的国家之一,灾害种类多、分布地域广、发生频率高、造成损失重,因此,政府各部门及企业对应急技术与管理专业应用型人才需求与日俱增。该文围绕应急技术与管理专业人才培养需求和传统培养模式中存在的问题,提出集政府、高校、企业、教师和学生为一体的协同培养模式,并从五大主体的角度分别阐述该培养模式实施路径,为我国高校应急技术与管理专业人才培养提供借鉴。

新时代我国系统性风险的形成机理与防范对策

系统性风险是由系统内部相互联系与作用的风险组合而成的风险综合体,具有非线性与涌现性、连锁性与耦合性、跨界性与极端性等特征。新时代是我国现代化进程加快推进的关键期,也是风险挑战日益凸显期。现代化增加了孕灾环境的敏感性、增加了致灾因子间的联动性与承灾体的脆弱性,为各类风险滋生与蔓延、连锁与联动以及耦合演化为系统性风险提供了客观条件。针对当前我国面临的系统性政治风险、公共安全、经济金融风险、创新链产业链供应链风险,需要坚持系统思维,着力加强党中央对防范系统性风险工作的集中统一领导、贯彻落实总体国家安全观、坚持底线思维、建立大安全大应急框架、强化数智赋能系统性风险防范,打好防范系统性风险组合拳。

Navigating Interoperability in Disaster Management:Insights of Current Trends and Challenges in Saudi Arabia

In this rapid review,we critically scrutinize the disaster management infrastructure in Saudi Arabia,illuminating pivotal issues of interoperability,global cooperation,established procedures,community readiness,and the integration of cuttingedge technologies.Our exploration uncovers a significant convergence with international benchmarks,while pinpointing areas primed for enhancement.We recognize that continual commitments to infrastructural progression and technology adoption are indispensable.Moreover,we underscore the value of robust community involvement and cross-border collaborations as key factors in bolstering disaster response capabilities.Importantly,we spotlight the transformative influence of emerging technologies,such as artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things,in elevating the effectiveness of disaster management strategies.Our review champions in all-encompassing approach to disaster management,which entails harnessing innovative technologies,nurturing resilient communities,and promoting comprehensive disaster management strategies,encapsulating planning,preparedness,response,and recovery.As a result of our analysis,we provide actionable recommendations to advance Saudi Arabia's disaster management framework.Our insights are timely and crucial,considering the escalating global focus on disaster response in the face of increasing disaster and humanitarian events.

Visually Modelling Collaborative Research into Innovative Community Disaster Resilience Practice,Strategy,and Governance

In 2013 a new collaborative center was established in Wellington, New Zealand to focus on integrating resilience research with the region’s community disaster resilience strategy. An earlier study with parties to this center had indicated that researcher and practitioner groups were divided by attention to their own immediate knowledge and skills, but agreed there was a need to maximize community resilience benefits amongst a regional population. An action research workshop of researchers and practitioners used a visual logic model to focus on the pragmatic benefits of improving community resilience. The visual logic model was used to design research activities that would improve the regional community resilience strategy, which was still in an early implementation phase.Ten of 14 workshop participants were interviewed following the workshop. Statistical content analysis of interview data highlighted certain strengths of the action research process: visual monitoring and evaluation planning was a catalyst for complicated conversations between two very different groups of professionals; and researchers became more focused on practical issues as a result. Other findings suggested that in future collaborative researchgovernance would benefit from wider cycles of strategic intelligence, enhanced research contributions, and the use of different information formats for different purposes.Different formats for different purposes should also be considered when developing and implementing large-scale disaster risk reduction policies and strategies.

Long-Term and Immediate Impacts of Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management(Health-EDRM) Education Interventions in a Rural Chinese Earthquake-Prone Transitional Village

Ma'an Qiao Village, a Dai and Yi ethnic minority-based community in Sichuan Province, China sustained complete infrastructure devastation during the 2008 Panzhihua earthquake. Health emergency and disaster risk management(Health-EDRM) education intervention programs were implemented in 2010 and 2011. This serial cross-sectional survey study aimed to examine the immediate and long-term impacts of the Health-EDRM interventions in this remote rural community. The findings demonstrate knowledge improvement in areas of water and sanitation, food and nutrition, and disaster preparedness immediately after the Health-EDRM education interventions. Temporal stability of knowledge retention was observed in household hygiene and waste management and smoking beliefs in 2018, 7 years after the interventions.Other important findings include knowledge uptake pattern differences of oral rehydration solution(ORS) between earthquake-prone and flood-prone communities. Usage of Internet and mobile technology for accessing disaster-related information was found to be independent of gender and income. Overall, this study demonstrated the knowledge improvement through Health-EDRM education interventions in a remote rural community. Promoting behavioral changes through interventions to raise awareness has the potential to reduce health risks in transitional post-disaster settings. Future programs should aim to identify evidence-based practices and explore how technology can support Health-EDRM education among vulnerable subgroups.

国家级应急预案体系构建特点分析与两维度铁路应急预案体系构建方法

通过分析总结我国国家级应急预案体系的结构特点,提出了一种应急预案体系构建的两维度方法,该方法具有结构清晰、覆盖完整等特点,能较好地满足预案体系构建中的"横向到边,纵向到底"的要求。

新时代国家应急管理体制:机遇、挑战与创新

新中国成立以来,党和国家一直高度重视防灾减灾和应急管理工作,建立了相应的管理机构和工作机制。在经历了抗击"非典"疫情、汶川地震抗震救灾等重特大灾害应对之后,国家应急管理体系得到了进一步完善和发展,应急管理能力不断提升。随着应急管理部的组建,应急管理从非常态协同应对体制转化为常态化职能部门日常管理体制,顺应了时代的发展。进入新时代,我国应急管理迎来了战略发展机遇的同时,仍然面临严峻的挑战,需要从总体国家安全观的战略高度、国家经济社会发展规划的系统维度、风险管理理论的专业深度和智慧科学的技术精度创新发展国家应急管理体制。

构建适应国家治理现代化的应急管理新体制

中国特色社会主义进入新时代,我国社会主要矛盾发生深刻变化,我国经济已由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段,治国理政的任务更加艰巨,对国家应急管理能力提出了新的要求。党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持战略思维、底线思维和系统思维,以国家治理体系和治理能力现代化为导向,以推进国家应急管理机构职能优化协同高效为着力点,全面深化国家应急管理体制改革,构建系统完备、科学规范、运行高效的国家应急管理机构职能体系,提升国家应急管理效能和水平,更好地满足人民日益增长的对公共安全的新需要新期待,开启了中国特色应急管理体制的新时代。

院前医疗急救迫切需要的行业法则——浅谈制定《院前医疗急救管理办法》的必要性及紧迫性

院前医疗急救是医疗工作的重要组成部分,但院前医疗急救执业尚无全国统一规范的管理措施,制定〈院前医疗急救管理办法〉是实行院前急救一体化管理的重要举措,具有非常重要的现实意义.业内人士高度关注这一行业大法,祈盼着这部具有划时代意义的法规尽早出台.

中国应急管理体系建设历程及完善思路

中国目前已经初步建立了以"一案三制"为核心框架的应急管理体系,在应对各种突发性公共事件中发挥了重要作用。但是,现代社会风险的不确定性和复杂性不断增加着危机应对难度,应急管理体系需要进一步完善,才能最大限度地降低危机带来的损失,保障社会良性运行。

组织代偿:理解应急组织网络结构演化与功能实现的新视角

应急组织网络是应急管理系统工程的基础性构件,在承受和消解外化社会风险与突发事件冲击中发挥着关键作用,其效能实现机制日益获得学界关注。本文尝试通过“组织代偿”视角透视组织网络应急响应与恢复的核心过程。首先提出并界定了“应急组织代偿”的内涵,进而根据资源集中程度与组织参与规模两个面向将其划分为原初型、互补型、冗余型与统合型四类组织代偿形式,最后阐述应急组织代偿在应急管理系统工程中的功能地位并重点分析其实现机制。本文从组织互动视角揭示了非常态下应急制度、物资、人员、技术等要素的特定流动与影响规律,并与灾后组织结构相关理论和韧性理论进行了适度对话,为理解应急组织网络的效能实现机制提供一般性解释视角。

核安全峰会、全球核秩序建设与中国角色

长期以来,在全球核安全领域已经逐步建立起了一套管理制度,其中,美国扮演了主要角色。2009年,美国奥巴马政府提出的核安全峰会倡议是美国试图延续其对全球核秩序的领导做出的又一轮努力。但是,由于奥巴马政府的动员能力有限,更重要的是美国已经越来越难以将其利益转化为国际社会的共同利益,奥巴马政府的核安全议程面临进展缓慢、甚至是停滞不前的局面。奥巴马政府在全球核治理议程设置方面面临的窘境提示人们,全球核治理应该更加全面、真实地反映国际社会的真正利益需求。全球核治理需要为其他国家提供更多的机会和平台。2008年全球金融危机以来,新兴经济体已经在全球经济治理中发挥越来越重要的作用。这些国家凭借经济和科技能力、政治影响力以及更具代表性的身份特征,应该在全球核治理体系建设中发挥更大作用。中国作为新兴经济体中的重要成员、作为发展中大国、作为在世界事务中拥有重要影响的国家,应该为全球和地区的核秩序建设做出更大贡献,并就如何构建更加贴近民生需求、更加符合各国国情、更加持久的核安全治理提出了基本设想。

应急管理全社区模式理论及其借鉴

社区作为灾害的第一承受单元,也是减灾的最前线,在灾害应急治理中的重要地位日益凸显。随着各类灾害的发生频率和破坏力不断提高,传统的应急管理模式也愈发捉襟见肘,如何切实提升社区灾害风险应对能力,充分发挥社区在国家应急治理体系中的基础作用成为各国亟须攻克的难关。应急管理全社区模式理论在总结“影响工程”建设经验的基础上,结合减灾型社区理论,提出了一种以建设多元主体合作网络为核心的社区应急治理新范式。该理论具有全过程干预、涵盖多样化社区、强调集体合作及突出合作重点的特点,以了解并满足社区需要、吸纳社区部门参与并授权、加强各部门在社区中的日常工作效力为原则,围绕着构建高效的多方合作机制提出了落实应急管理全社区模式的一系列实施策略,吸纳更广泛力量参与社区减灾活动,切实提升了社区灾害应对能力,为中国的社区应急治理提供了有益参考。

核与辐射应急准备分类及相应的管理要求

根据国际经验给出了基于危害评价的应急准备分类以及各类应急准备需要建立的基本能力,提出了应急管理行动、应急状态、应急响应的启动、缓解行动、应急评价和预测、防护行动和其他响应行动、公众应急通知、应急人员和应急援助人员的保护措施、医学响应行动、应急组织和人员配置、应急信息发布和公众沟通等11个主要要素对应5个应急准备类型的管理要求建议。

治理理论视阈下中美社区减灾模式比较及启示

社区作为最基层的减灾单元,是灾害的直接受体也是抗击灾害最直接的主体。目前,在世界各国社区减灾均已上升到国家减灾战略层面。中国和美国作为世界上的受灾大国,均已提出社区层面的国家减灾模式。本文系统梳理了中国综合减灾示范社区建设和美国两阶段的社区减灾战略中治理主体政府部门、私营部门和社会组织在社区减灾中的参与现状,对三个部门在社区减灾中的角色、功能和互动关系进行比较,以期更好地借鉴美国的社区减灾经验,进一步强化我国社区减灾中政府、企业和社会组织的作用和互动关系。